圆度仪测量系统滤波特性的检定

提出一种用定标块检定圆度仪测量系统滤波特性的新方法。该定标块的弦高计算值通过测量系统的各滤波档时必定被衰减。我们可以利用这一弦高值衰减的特点检定其滤波特性。介绍了该方法的检定原理和实验结果。该方法的优点是比用微振动器检定具有更高的效率和更高的准确度，并且可利用检定圆度仪放大倍数的定标块来检定各种圆度仪测量系统的滤波特性。     

Ka波段开腔电介质自动测量系统

介绍了以自行研制的开放式谐振腔为中心的Ｋ＿ａ波段电介质自动测量系统。该系统在计算机控制下，改变频率；采集并读取谐振长度和功率数据；计算Ｑ值，即时算出被测材料的介电常数ε＿ｒ和损耗角正切ｔｇδ。除腔谐振尚需人工调节外，全部实现自动测量。通过测量聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、高压聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、微晶玻璃、陶瓷基片、复合微波介质基片等材料的电介质参数证实，ε＿ｒ和ｔｇδ在３２～３９ＧＨｚ频率范围内，量程分别达１．２０～２５．０和２．０×１０￣（－５）～２．０×１０￣（－３）。ε＿ｒ和ｔｇδ的测量不确定度分别达±０．５％和±（８％＋３×１０￣（－６））。     

评定线轮廓度误差的通用数学模型

建立了用最小二乘法评定平面曲线轮廓度的通用数学模型。运用该模型可对任意平面曲线的轮廓度进行评定，从而将直线度、圆度、椭圆度以及任何线轮廓度的评定归结在统一的模式中。由于所建立的模型直观、明了，很容易在计算机上实现，因而可在生产实际中普遍推广应用。举例说明了线轮廓度误差可分离成形状误差、参数误差和位姿误差，给出了分离公式和误差补偿原则。     

周期信号各参数的离散取样测量法

描述用离散采样测量周期信号的有效值、失真度及相位等参数的简易且准确度很高的测量方法,从数学上证明了这些方法的正确性并指出测量误差的来源。     

测量不确定度应用中的几个问题

就ＩＳＯ１９９３（Ｅ）测量不确定度表示指南，指出一些使用不当的问题，并就两类评定方法、不确定度的传播与合成、扩展不确定度的包含因子以及规范表示方式等问题阐述了作者的一些见解。     

三针法测量螺纹中径的讨论

通过螺纹最佳和非最佳二组三针Ｍ值的测算，实现了用非最佳三针对螺距、牙型半角都有误差的螺纹按参数实际值进行中径和单一中径的准确测量。用本文的方法，不需要按传统的三针测量法求解修正值和复杂的修正程序，简便易行，特别适合工厂计量室和加工过程中精密螺纹工件以及螺纹量规中径的测量。     

一种测量激光束光斑尺寸的方法

给出了一种测量激光束光斑尺寸的简单方法。在本方法中，当激光束光斑横向扫过一个直边界时，边界衍射波的强度轮廓曲线就可观测得到。从强度轮廓曲线可测量光斑尺寸。一束氦氖激光的光斑尺寸经测量为８．３μｍ，用刀口法测得该值为８．９μｍ。     

高频大功率GXN—50型霓虹灯电子电源的研制

ＧＸＮ－５０型霓虹灯电子电源是为负载提供高频交流电压电流的电源设备，是一种专用大功率霓虹灯电源。该产品采用先进的电子技术，节能效率高，带负载能力强（比传统电源高４倍以上），并采用超音技术，用特制的电子开关代替价格昂贵的机械继电器，因而无任何噪声，灯光变化采用程序控制，变换方式灵活，工作稳定可靠。该电源体积小、重量轻，并设计了过压过流保护电路，具有抗干扰能力强等特点。     

杠杆式力标准机自动控制与校准系统

简述了目前国内使用的杠杆式力标准机的结构及存在的问题，介绍了以ＰＣ机为核心的新一代全自动控制系统，说明了用ＰＣ机实现计量设备校准（测试）自动化的方法及必要性。     

用冰点作检定温度计的固定点的研究

介绍了利用标准铂电阻温度计在水三相点和冰点进行长期测量的结果，并将其数据进行分析比较。测量结果表明：两种方法测得的Ｒ＿０值之差平均不到１ｍＫ，与国外文献中的数据基本相符。因此，对于检定多数铂电阻温度计和一、二等水银温度计以及热电偶等，用冰点已足够。     

Response of a pentagonal PZT element as a component of a 4π-real-time detector

The detector characteristics of a pentagonal element were studied by colliding it with hypervelocity micro-particles. A charge-sensitive amplifier was developed for the element of its capacitance ∼10 nF. The output amplitudes were expressed as a linear function of the momentum at collision. Empirical formulas obtained from on-ground experiments could be used for the calibration of the detector. The pentagonal element was potential to measure the momentum during collision from the output amplitude. A set of electrodes on the surface was used to confirm the measurement of the coordinates at collision. A possible application of this pentagonal element on a real-time dust detector was discussed.     

Development of a super-pressure balloon with a diamond-shaped net

The essential reason of the lobed-pumpkin shaped super-pressure balloon to withstand against the high pressure is that the local curvature of the balloon film is kept small. Recently, it has been found that the small local curvature can also be obtained if the balloon is covered by a diamond-shaped net with a vertically elongated shape. The development of the super-pressure balloon using this method was started from a 3-m balloon with a polyethylene film covered by a net using Kevlar ropes. The ground inflation test showed the expected high burst pressure. Then, a 6-m and a 12-m balloon using a polyethylene film and a net using the Vectran were developed and stable deployment was checked through the ground inflation tests. The flight test of a 3000 m³ balloon was performed in 2013 and shown to resist a pressure of at least 400 Pa. In the future, after testing a new design to relax a possible stress concentration around the polar area, test flights of scaled balloons will be performed gradually enlarging their size. The goal is to launch a 300,000 m³ super-pressure balloon.     

直升机旋翼与机体间气动干扰风洞实验研究

介绍了由风洞实验得到的共轴式直升机在悬停和前飞时旋翼/机体气动干扰结果,并与单旋翼直升机进行了比较.旋翼对机体的干扰主要表现为:悬停时机体上产生垂向阻力和俯仰力矩;前飞时上述干扰减小,但机体的纵向和航向气动特性发生变化;分别增大水平尾翼面积和下旋翼桨距,旋翼对机体的干扰量增大;悬停时,机体对旋翼无明显影响,前飞时产生有利干扰.      

跟踪与数据中继卫星(TDRS)跟踪用户星的条件分析

中继卫星是航天测控网发展的必然趋势.一颗中继卫星对不同轨道的用户星测控支持能力是不同的,受多种因素的影响.从理论上详尽地分析了地球同步轨道中继卫星(TDRS)对近地航天器的跟踪条件,计算了中继卫星对各种轨道高度近地航天器的测控覆盖率,给出了中继星到用户星可视算法、地球遮挡和受太阳直射的计算公式,通过专业STK软件仿真验证了所得结论的正确性,它们可以作为确定天基网的中继星数量和对在轨中继卫星进行资源分配的理论依据.      

某型直升飞机环控系统制冷包设计

针对某型直升飞机,提出了其环控系统的简单式空气循环冷却系统的设计方案,并对其中关键部件--换热器进行了设计计算,其中,初级换热器为干换热器,次级换热器为湿换热器.通过计算机程序计算实现了换热器芯体的匹配选择.此外完成了该环控系统的结构设计,以及整个系统的阻力计算,阻力符合机种性能要求,证实了该环控系统设计的可行性.     

Movement of a material point in the gravity field of a homogeneous ring

A ring-like mass exerts a well computable gravitational attraction on a material point located along a straight line, being perpendicular to the plane of the ring in its centre. In the state of weightlessness, an oscillatory movement will develop owing to this effect. The period, T, of oscillation depends on the gravity constant, on the density and dimensions of the ring, as well as on the amplitude of the oscillation. Its exact computation can be based on the determination of the gravity potential function of the ring. The oscillation has the following form:

$\text{T=}\text{1}\text{√f√}\textcolor{red}{}\text{.I(r,R,z)}$

where f is the gravitational constant.

is the density of the ring, r and R are the radii of the ring, z is the distance of the turning point of the oscillation from the centre of the ring, while I/r,R,z/ is an improper integral which can be computed with any desired accuracy owing to the favourable function-theoretical character of the potential. We computed the oscillation period for various possible values of the parameters and obtained time data of an order of magnitude which falls into a well observable interval.The outlined conceptual experiment for the improved determination of the gravitational constant may present, of course, many technical difficulties and error sources /e.g. the path of the oscillating point is quite unstable owing to the extremely small acting forces, electric charges and also radiation pressure might be present, the gravity field would show a gradient on the spot of the experiment, etc./. Nevertheless, it seems to be worthwhile to consider carrying out such an experiment, using the possibilities offered by modern techniques in observing distances and time. For the path distortions caused by errors, we give a few estimates, but in case of realization of the experiment, a more detailed error analysis must be made.     

重力对R134a在矩形小通道内冷凝过程的影响

为研究重力对小通道冷凝过程的影响,采用VOF模型对制冷剂R134a在水平放置的边长1mm方形截面小通道内的冷凝换热过程进行数值模拟.模拟过程考虑重力、表面张力和界面剪切力的综合作用,表面张力采用CSF模型.结果表明:重力对矩形小通道冷凝换热的影响不明显,蒸气在通道横截面上呈近似圆形分布;通道较短时重力对液膜的汇聚作用不明显,达到一定长度后重力作用凸显.研究结果为天舟一号货运飞船搭载的蒸发与冷凝科学实验研究项目冷凝空间实验方案设计提供了理论依据.      

Vegetable production facility as a part of a closed life support system in a Russian Martian space flight scenario

A Manned Mars Mission scenario had been developed in frame of the Project 1172 supported International Science & Technology Center in Moscow. The Mars transit vehicle (MTV) supposed to have a crew of 4–6 with Pilot Laboratory compartment volume of 185 m³ and with inner diameter of 4.1 m. A vegetable production facility with power consumption up to 10 kW is being considered as a component of the life support system to supply crew members by fresh vegetables during the mission. Proposed design of conveyor-type plant growth facility (PGF) comprised of 4-modules. Each module has a cylindrical planting surface and spiral cylindrical LED assembly to provide a high specific productivity relative to utilized onboard resources. Each module has a growth chamber that will be from 0.7 m to 1.5 m in length, and a crop illuminated area from 1.7 m² to 4.0 m². Leafy crops (cabbage, lettuce, spinach, chard, etc.) have been selected for module 1, primarily because of the highest specific productivity per consumed resources. Dietitians have recommended also carrot crop for module 2, pepper for module 3 and tomato for module 4. The maximal total PGF light energy estimated as 1.16 kW and total power consumption as about 7 kW. The module 1 characteristics have been calculated using own experimental data, information from the best on ground plant growth experiments with artificial light were used to predict crop productivity and biomass composition in the another modules. 4-module PGF could produce nearly 0.32 kg per crew member per day of fresh edible biomass, which would be about 50% of recommended daily vegetable supplement. An average crop harvest index is estimated as 0.75. The MTV food system could be entirely closed in terms of vitamins C and A with help of the PGF. In addition the system could provide 10–25% of essential minerals and vitamins of group B, and about 20% of food fibers. The present state of plant growth technology allows formulating of requirements specification for the flight-qualified modules.     

Design and analysis of a direct transfer trajectory from a near rectilinear halo orbit to a low lunar orbit

A near rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) is regarded as a potential orbit for a future deep space station that can effectively support sustainable crewed lunar exploration missions. In this paper, the L₂ southern NRHOs are selected as the research object, and a direct transfer trajectory from an NRHO to a low lunar orbit (LLO) is designed and analyzed. First, based on the circular restricted three-body problem, the characteristics of NRHOs are discussed including geometric behaviour, stability and synodic resonance. Second, optimal direct transfer trajectories are obtained by combining a local gradient optimization with a numerical continuation strategy. A reachable domain calculation model is established. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the trajectory design method. The relationship between the velocity change and the reachable domain is further analysed through simulation calculations.     

The collective gyration of a heavy ion cloud in a magnetized plasma

In both the ionospheric barium injection experiments CRIT I and CRIT II, a long-duration oscillation was seen with a frequency close to the gyro frequency of barium and a time duration of about one second. A model for the phenomenon which was proposed for the CRIT 1 experiment is here compared to the results from CRIT II which made a much more complete set of measurements. The model follows the motion of a low-β ion cloud through a larger ambient plasma. The internal field of the model is close to antiparallel to the injection direction v_i but slightly tilted towards the self-polarization direction E_P = −v_ixB. As the ions move across the magnetic field, the space charge is continuously neutralized by magnetic-field aligned electron currents from the ambient ionosphere, drawn by the divergence in the perpendicular electric field. These currents give a perturbation of the magnetic field related to the electric field perturbation by ΔE/ΔB ≈ V_a. The model predictions agree quite well with the observed vector directions, field strengths, and decay times of the electric and magnetic fields in CRIT II. The possibility to extend the model to the active region, where the ions are produced in this type of self-ionizing injection experiments, is discussed.