动态测量不确定度初探

以振动加速度有效俭测量的不确定度为例，探讨了动态测量中不确定度的涵义、表示形式、评定和合成等四个问题。     

容栅传感器不确定度初步分析与计算

初步分析了引起容栅传感器测量不确定度的几个主要因素，在实验测试和生产实际相结合的基础上，对动栅、定栅、基尺、表面贴面和粘接剂的不确定度进行定量分析和估计，通过不确定度合成，计算结果与实际情况比较接近。     

误差分离法测圆柱度误差的不确定度估计

阐述五测头误差分离法在普通机床上实现圆柱度误差在位测量的原理和方法，并对测量不确定度进行了全面的分析和估计，明确了测量精度范围。此不确定度分析有助于机床误差的修正和补偿，对其它形状误差的精密测量和误差分离技术的实际应用具有普遍意义。     

光学非球面检测系统的精度仿真分析

在分析非球面检测仪的测量精度时，用一般的不确定度评定方法难于得到符合实际的结果。现采用计算机仿真分析的方法来分析其测量不确定度，以确保仪器研制的成功。结果表明，计算机仿真的确是一种既经济又高效的方法，在现代误差和精度理论中有重要的作用。     

万工显误差修正不确定度分析与计算

分析影响万工显测量精度的误差因素，以单项误差修正为基础，对仪器的多项误差进行全面修正，并对修正后的仪器测量不确定度进行分析与计算。     

形位误差在位测量的误差分离技术

采用误差分离原理，对大型工件的几何精度实施在位测量，可以将基准的误差从测量结果中分离出来，从而减少测量不确定度，提高测量精度。     

动态测量不确定度A类评定

综述动态测量误差与不确定度评定的基本特点、一般评定指标与评定方法。着重概述对动态测量数据作统计分析的不确定度Ａ类评定方法。列举各种常用动态测量数据处理方案及其基本假定条件和测量误差分离原理及测量不确定度Ａ类评定的基本算法。     

测量不确定度

介绍了不确定度的发展，通过实例对不确定度进行了分析，对不确定度的国际趋势作了展望。     

高精度细丝直径测量系统的不确定度

详尽分析了ＶＤＭ—Ｉ型高精度细丝直径测量系统中影响测量不确定度的各种因素，将其分为Ａ类和Ｂ类评定的不确定度分别讨论，最终将其合成，得到该系统的标准不确定度。     

平板检定中重合度与平面度取值的探讨

论述了平板检定中重复点重合度与平面度的各种计算方法，对当前检定中的一些不正确理解和错误作法做了纠正。给出了正确的重合度与平面度取值方法，可以保证平板检定数据的可靠性与平面度检定值的准确度。     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。