磁流体斜激波的碰撞

讨论了磁流体斜激波之间的碰撞及其与接触间断的相互作用规律,主要结论如下:(1)两个快激波碰撞后交换位置,同时出现一接触间断和一慢稀疏波对。(2)两个慢激波碰撞后交换位置且强度减弱,同时出现一接触间断和一块激波对。(3)一前向快激波与一后向慢激波碰撞后交换位置,快激波强度增加,慢激波强度减弱,同时出现一后向快激波、一负接触间断和一前向慢稀疏波。(4)一前向快激波与一正(负)接触间断相互作用后交换位置,快激波减弱,同时出现一后向快稀疏波(快激波)、一后向慢激波和一前向慢激波(慢稀疏波).(5)一前向慢激波与一正(负)接触间断相互作用后交换位置,慢激波减弱,同时出现一后向慢稀疏波(慢激波)和一快稀疏波(快激波)对。      

磁流体中间激波的相互作用

本文讨论磁流体中间激波的相互作用规律．主要结论：中间激波汇合的产物为后向快简单波、后向慢简单波或慢激波、接触间断、前向慢激波和前向快激波，其中后向波成份和接触间断很弱．当左（右）激波较强时，中国激波碰撞产物为后（前）向快激波、后（前）向慢简单波或慢激波、负（正）切向间断、前（后）向慢简单波和前（后）向快激波．     

耀斑激波的相互作用

采用一维磁流体力学模型和激波装配法，分析两个相继出现的耀斑激波的相互作用.前导激波下游的稀疏波显著改变后随激波的特性，并在它的下游产生强后向快激波.两耀斑激波汇合后将在下游形成密度比约为1.5的接触间断.     

磁云—高速流相互作用的数值模拟

对１９７８年８月２７至２８日期间观测到的磁云与尾随高速流的相互作用进行数值模拟，基本拟合了１ＡＵ处的观测剖面。模拟结果表明，磁云－高速流系统将导致前向快，慢激波和后向快激波的形成。     

多重激波的数值模拟研究

本文用一维混合粒子模拟Code研究了包括中间激波在内的多重激波.模拟了四种情形,可以分为两类:(1)由快激波和中间激波构成的两重激波,(2)快激波、中间激波和慢激波构成的三重激波.结果表明:多重激波是不稳定的,它趋向于发展成磁流体旋转间断和MHD波,左旋圆偏振波逐渐在上游区内发展起来.文章对导致多重激波不稳定性的可能原因进行了简单的讨论.     

再论磁流体共面黎曼问题

本文证明一般磁流体共面间断D可分解为(这里有图片19980204-119.GIF),符号上的箭头表示各分解产物的传播方向,J为接触间断,W_f包含快激波、快简单波、1→3型中间激波及第一类快合成波,W_s包含慢激波、慢简单波、2→4型中间激波及第一类慢合成波.本文同时对某些特殊间断的分解作了分析.      

黄道面内行星际激波相互碰撞作用过程研究—能量效应

本文用两维半MHD数值模型,数值模拟研究了两邻近扰动源所产生的激波在行星际空间黄道面内不同能量时的相互碰撞过程。在内边界(18R_s)两扰动中心的间距取为36°。结果表明:两弱激波(速度在500km/s左右以下)不会产生汇合,而是各自独立地传播;两中等强度激波(速度在1000km/s左右)将发生汇合,但在IAU尚可分辨;两强激波(速度在2000km/s以上)则在1AU以内已发生汇合,汇合后形成一个新激波,其磁场结构与单激波明显不同。激波能量越大,两激波汇合的越快。     

黄道面内行星际激波相互碰撞作用过程研究—间距效应

本文用两维半MHD数值模型,模拟研究了不同间距的两扰动源所产生的激波在行星际空间黄道面内的相互碰撞过程。在内边界(18R_s),两扰动中心的间距取为24°、36°、48°、54°、72°、120°,模拟了两激波速度均为1000km/s和2000km/s两种情形。结果表明:1.速度为1000km/s的两中等激波,相距24°时,在1AU以内强烈相互作用而汇合成一新激波;相距36°时,在1AU附近发生汇合,但尚可分辨;相距48°时,在1AU以内有相互作用,但可近似认为是独立传播的;相距72°时,将独立向前传播。2.速眨为2000km/s的两强激波,相距≤48°时,将强烈汇合成一新激波;相距54°时,在1AU附近产生汇合,但尚可分辨;相距72°时,相互作用不足以汇合成新的激波;相距120°时,其传播相互独立地进行。并给出了上述情形下两激波汇合的时间和位置,详细比较了汇合激波与相同能量的单激波的等离子体特性。     

磁流体力学的共面黎曼问题

MHD黎曼问题的求解对分析行星际扰动演化趋势和激波相互作用具有重要意义。本文基于MHD共面间断可以分解为前后向快慢激波、中心简单波和接触间断的假定,提出MHD共面黎曼问题的一种三参数迭代解法,运用该解法实现纯法向速度间断的分解,并初步探讨该解法的适用范围。      

根据行星际闪烁观测研究耀班一激波前后太阳风电子密度功率谱的变化

采用弱散射与薄屏近似模型,利用快速傅利叶变换和阿贝尔变换的方法,对1972年6月15日耀斑一激波的行星际闪烁观测资料进行了计算,分别计算了激波前与激波后的电子密度功率谱。发现在小波数段都具有幂函数形式,并且波后幂指数值略大于波前幂指数值。说明此例激波过后小波数段功率谱略变陡。      

耀斑激波传播的数值研究

采用一维磁流体力学模型和激波装配法,分析耀斑激波在行星际空间的传播特性和激波下游区的波动结构,并就激波装配法和激波捕捉法的模拟结果的精度和可靠性进行比较.      

行星际慢激波的传播和演化

采用二维理想MHD模型，分别在日球赤道面(二维二分量模型)和日球子午面(二维三分量模型)内研究太阳风中慢激波的传播和演化规律．结果表明，慢激波在向外传播的过程中逐渐演化为由原慢激波和新产生的快激波构成的激波系统，该激波系统在子午面内相对慢激波源中心法线基本对称，而在赤道面内则是不对称的：快激波阵面和慢激波阵面之间存在一个切触点，该处两个激波合并，蜕化为气体激波．上述切触点相对激波源中心法线东偏，且东偏角度在激波系统向外传播过程中不断增加．初步分析表明，行星际磁场的螺旋结构是产生日球赤道面内慢激波传播和演化的东西不对称性的主要原因．     

Some characteristics of propagation of flare- or CME-associated interplanetary shock waves

Many interplanetary shock waves have a fast mode MHD wave Mach number between one and two and the ambient solar wind plasma and magnetic field are known to fluctuate. Therefore a weak, fast, MHD interplanetary shock wave propagating into a fluctuating solar wind region or into a solar wind stream will be expected to vary its strength.It is possible that an interplanetary shock wave, upon entering such a region will weaken its strength and degenerate into a fast-mode MHD wave. It is even possible that the shock may dissipate and disappear.A model for the propagation of a solar flare - or CME (Coronal Mass Ejections) - associated interplanetary shock wave is given. A physical mechanism is described to calculate the probability that a weak shock which enters a turbulent solar wind region will degenerate into a MHD wave. That is, the shock would disappear as an entropy-generate entity. This model also suggests that most interplanetary shock waves cannot propagate continuously with a smooth shock surface. It is suggested that the surface of an interplanetary shock will be highly distorted and that parts of the shock surface can degenerate into MHD waves or even disappear during its global propagation through interplanetary space. A few observations to support this model will be briefly described.Finally, this model of shock propagation also applies to corotating shocks. As corotating shocks propagate into fluctuating ambient solar wind regions, shocks may degenerate into waves or disappear.     

Forward and reverse CIR shocks at 4–5 AU: Ulysses

In this article, we study fast shocks at CIR boundaries during an extended interval of 15 consecutive major high speed solar wind streams in 1992–1993. Ulysses was 4–5 AU from the sun. The Abraham-Schrauner shock normal method and the Rankine-Hugoniot relations were used to determine fast shock directions and speeds. Out of 33 potential CIR shocks, 14 were determined to be fast forward shocks (FSs) and 14 were fast reverse shocks (RSs). Of the remaining 5 events, 2 were forward waves and 3 were reverse waves. CIR edges at latitudes below ∼30^o were, for the most part, bounded by fast magnetosonic shocks. The forward shocks were generally quasi-perpendicular (average θ_nBo = 67^o). The reverse shocks were more oblique (average θ_nBo = 52^o), but they extended to all angles. Both FSs and RSs had magnetosonic Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 5 or 6. The average Mach numbers were 2.4 and 2.6 for FSs and RSs, respectively. The shock Mach numbers were noted to generally decrease with increasing latitude. The non-shock events or waves were noted to occur preferentially at high (∼−30° to −35°) heliolatitudes where stream-stream interactions were presumably weaker. These results are consistent with expectations, indicating the general accuracy of the Abraham-Schrauner technique.