测量带有常值偏差时卫星自主定轨系统可观性分析

考虑测量带有常值偏差时卫星自主定轨系统的状态观测和常值偏差估计问题,将观测常值偏差扩增为状态后进行卡尔曼滤波是解决这一问题的一个途径。为使卡尔曼滤波稳定,就必须分析系统的随机可观测性。文章利用线性时变系统的可观性理论对测量带有常值偏差时卫星自主定轨系统的可观性进行了分析,数值仿真结果显示了所得理论的正确性。     

一种基于AUKF的航天器自主导航算法

 将非线性Sage-Husa噪声估计器与无迹滤波器(UKF)相结合,提出了一种新型的自适应无迹滤波器(AUKF).对基于AUKF的航天器自主导航系统进行了计算机仿真,仿真结果表明,对于存在测量偏差的自主导航系统,AUKF的导航滤波精度较传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)有显著的提高.进而,针对航天器自主导航系统测量偏差周期时变的特点,提出了提高偏差估计精度的改进算法.仿真结果表明,在适当增加计算量的条件下,利用偏差估计改进算法的AUKF能够进一步提高自主导航系统的导航精度.     

卫星自主导航系统存在常值偏差的滤波方法研究

由于敏感器常值偏差对导航精度影响较大,因此有必要对其进行标定。考虑到传统常偏扩维算法计算量大,且可能出现数值病态的问题,提出了两步UKF算法,该算法对状态和偏差实施分离估计,从而达到解耦目的。不仅能够准确标定常值偏差,而且还可以提高导航精度。近地卫星自主导航系统仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

脉冲星方位误差估计的两步卡尔曼滤波算法

为了克服钟差和卫星位置误差对脉冲星方位误差估计的影响，设计了两步卡尔曼滤波（TSKF）算法。首先，介绍了脉冲星方位误差估计的传统模型，并通过分析和仿真验证了钟差、卫星位置误差以及2种误差同时存在时会使脉冲星方位误差估计结果产生较大偏差。其次，在传统的估计模型中加入了钟差和卫星位置误差，并将钟差和钟差变化率增广为新的状态量，从而推导出包含2种误差的新模型，并证明了该模型的完全可观测性；根据该模型并按照两步卡尔曼滤波原理，得到了TSKF算法的步骤。最后，通过仿真表明:在钟差和卫星位置误差同时影响下，传统脉冲星方位误差估计算法偏差较大且发散；TSKF算法则能够有效隔离2种误差的影响，使赤经和赤纬误差估计达到0.2 mas之内的精度。      

基于H∞滤波的GPS／INS全深组合导航系统研究

根据H∞鲁棒滤波理论，提出了基于H∞滤波技术的GPS／INS全深组合导航系统，该系统仅含有位置误差，速度误差和平台误差角9维状态，并利用伪距，伪距率和载波相位观测信息对全部状态进行观测，组成全深组合导航系统，由H∞滤波来提高系统的鲁棒性，文中对提出的组合系统了动态仿真，仿真结果表明，该系统结构简单，状态估计精工高，系统鲁棒性好，便于工程实现。     

导航卫星的地面站定轨算法

导航星座轨道的长期保持是星座导航系统运营管理的重要组成部分,而现有的导航卫星地面定轨算法又存在精度不高或计算量大不适合工程应用的问题。为此,研究了单向、被动测量模式的导航卫星地面定轨算法。基于单向伪距观测,将导航卫星钟差参数作为状态量,推导了滤波算法的状态方程、测量方程,并最终建立了滤波器模型。以不同轨道面的4颗GPS导航卫星为例进行了2天的仿真试验,考虑卫星的可见性仿真中加入了测量中断,并设计在测量恢复后重启滤波算法。仿真结果表明,4颗卫星的轨道位置估计精度可以达到米级,钟差随机偏差的估计精度可以达到纳秒级,并且在滤波中断后重启滤波器,仍然可以达到此估计精度,表明此定轨算法具有收敛性和稳定性。     

一种非线性不确定系统的鲁棒H∞滤波方法研究

考虑EKF滤波方法的线性化过程对估计误差的影响,提出一种非线性不确定系统的鲁棒H∞滤波方法．基于H∞理论,该算法将滤波模型和观测模型在线性化过程中所产生的误差作为系统的不确定部分,力求此误差对导航精度的影响最小,并且利用李亚普诺夫方法证明了该滤波算法的稳定性．利用所提算法对月球环绕段自主导航系统进行滤波估计,仿真结果证实了算法的有效性．     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的XPNAV-1卫星自主定轨算法研究

X射线脉冲星导航1号（XPNAV-1）是全球首颗脉冲星导航专用试验卫星。利用该卫星观测的单颗脉冲星数据，采用几何约束方法，能够有效抑制轨道误差增长，但存在长时间定轨发散问题。针对XPNAV-1卫星拓展试验任务及脉冲星导航后续发展需求，利用多颗脉冲星的观测数据，研究基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）的卫星自主定轨算法。首先，建立该卫星的轨道力学模型和观测方程；然后，详细论述EKF滤波算法和分段式定常系统（PWCS）的可观测性分析方法；最后，通过综合分析XPNAV-1卫星的观测数据、脉冲星对该卫星轨道的覆盖性以及系统状态的可观测性，进行自主定轨算法试验。试验结果表明，基于EKF的自主定轨算法滤波过程收敛，验证了该算法的合理性和有效性。     

GPS/SINS组合导航系统状态的可观测度分析方法

系统状态的可观测度是检验所设计的Kalman滤波器的收敛精度和速度的重要指标。首先，分别论述分段式定常系统(PWCS)的可观测性分析方法和基于奇异值分解的系统状态可观测度分析方法。然后，证明GPS／SINS组合导航系统满足PWCS分析定理要求，并进一步提出改进的线性时变系统状态的可观测度分析方法，以适用于分析全弹道过程系统状态的可观测度。最后，通过仿真算例说明该方法的合理性和可行性。     

多传感器组合导航系统的改进多尺度滤波算法

多尺度滤波算法在多传感器组合导航系统中已得到成功应用，然而该算法用到多个时刻的量测向量，导致算法计算量过大，并影响系统的实时性。针对上述问题，首先利用分块技术与小波变换将时域内描述的系统原始状态方程转换为块状态方程，然后将实时得到的当前时刻的量测向量表达为块状态向量的形式，最后结合常规卡尔曼滤波技术与序贯滤波的思想，提出了一种改进的多传感器组合导航系统多尺度滤波方法。将该算法应用于GPS/SST/SINS多传感器组合导航系统，仿真结果验证了该算法不仅具有较好的实时性，而且相对于传统算法,系统的定位精度提高1倍以上。     

超低轨道地球卫星脉冲星/星光折射/光谱组合导航

针对超低轨道地球卫星导航自主需求,提出了一种脉冲星/星光折射/光谱测速组合天文导航方法。首先根据地球超低轨道卫星运行轨道动力学方程建立导航系统状态模型;分别根据脉冲到达时间差和星光折射角与天体光谱频率建立导航系统量测模型;使用Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法,降低随机误差对导航精度的影响,使用基于UKF的信息融合方法,有效融合了三种天文导航方法结果数据。经计算机仿真分析,该组合导航方法位置导航误差均值为85.62m,速度误差均值0.190m/s,能够满足超低轨道地球卫星在轨运行导航需求。     

单星导航HEO卫星初轨确定算法

HEO(Highly Elliptical Orbit)轨道卫星利用星载GPS(Global Positioning System)进行自主定轨面临的主要难题之一就是解决在单颗导航卫星条件下的初轨确定问题.从理论上分析了利用单颗导航卫星的观测量确定HEO卫星轨道初值的所需满足的条件,指出了利用F.G级数法求解初值存在的问题,提出了一种基于轨道根数约束的迭代批处理算法,该算法无需复杂的数学运算,避免了F.G级数法用短弧资料定初轨时系数矩阵秩亏的影响.仿真结果表明,当先验轨道根数误差在允许范围内取值时,在考虑轨道射入误差的情况下,初值的位置偏差在10⁴ m量级,速度偏差在10⁰ m/s量级,能够根据单颗导航卫星的短弧观测值可靠地完成轨道初值的确定.     

Analysis of BDS-3 distributed autonomous navigation based on BeiDou system simulation platform

Satellite autonomous navigation is an important function of the BeiDou-3 navigation System (BDS-3). Satellite autonomous navigation means that the navigation satellite uses long-term forecast ephemeris and Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements to determinate its own spatial position and time reference without the support of the ground Operation and Control System (OCS) for a long time to ensure that the navigation system can normally maintain the time and space reference. This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of distributed autonomous navigation algorithms. For the first time, a ground parallel autonomous navigation test system (GPANTS) is built. The performance of distributed autonomous navigation is then analyzed using the two-way ISL ranging of BDS-3 satellites. First, the BDS simulation platform and the GPANTS are introduced. Then, the basic principles of distributed satellite autonomous orbit determination and time synchronization based on ISL measurements are summarized. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of the BDS-3 constellation autonomous navigation service under ideal conditions through simulation data. Then the performance of autonomous navigation for 22 BeiDou-3 satellites using ISL measurements is evaluated. The results show that when satellites operate autonomously for 50 days without the support of any ground station, the User Range Error (URE) of autonomous orbit determination is better than 3 m, and the time synchronization accuracy is better than 4 ns.     

The influence of orbital maneuver on autonomous orbit determination of an extended satellite navigation constellation

The right ascension of the ascending node is unobservable if only the inter-satellite ranging is used for autonomous orbit determination (AOD) of an Earth navigation constellation. However, if an Earth-Moon libration point satellite is added to the Earth navigation constellation to construct an extended navigation constellation, all the orbital elements can be determined with only the inter-satellite ranging. Furthermore, the extended navigation constellation can provide navigation information for interplanetary probes. For such an extended navigation constellation, orbital control needs to be considered due to the instability of the libration-point satellite orbit. This study concerns the influence of satellite orbital maneuver on the AOD of the extended navigation constellation. An AOD method under orbital maneuver is proposed. A low thrust controller is designed to achieve libration point satellite autonomous orbit maintenance by using AOD results. A navigation constellation consisting of three GPS satellites and one libration point satellite are designed for simulation. The simulation results show that libration point satellites can achieve autonomous navigation and autonomous orbit maintenance by only using inter-satellite ranging information. The rotation drift error of the Earth navigation constellation is also suppressed.     

基于资源一号02B卫星红外地球敏感器和星敏感器的自主导航

 本文阐述了利用星敏感器和红外地球敏感器进行自主导航的原理。以资源一号02B卫星的飞行数据为基础,进行了自主导航的研究,结果表明采用国产红外地球敏感器和星敏感器的资源一号02B卫星可以实现较高精度的自主导航,说明了该方案的可行性。     

基于UKF的雷达高度计自主定轨

探讨了利用推广卡尔曼滤波估计非线性系统状态时存在的问题,从而介绍了目前广泛使用的分步逼近的卡尔曼滤波(UKF,Unscented Kalman Filter).为了提高导航的可靠性和准确性,在星敏感器导航系统中引入雷达高度计作为一个新的测量设备,提出了一种基于星上雷达测高仪及星敏感器联合进行卫星自主定轨的算法.建立了比较复杂的地球海平面模型,并考虑了其中风生重力波的影响. 利用雷达测高仪的测量结果和地球形状模型,计算地心矢量在卫星本体中坐标系的方向.利用UKF滤波定轨算法,明显提高了自主定轨的精度.数值仿真结果表明,UKF定轨精度要远优于推广卡尔曼滤波.      

一种近地卫星自主定轨的联合滤波算法

地磁场具有完整的数学模型,而地磁场矢量是卫星的位置矢量函数,利用地磁场测量可以实现近地卫星的自主导航。首先建立近地卫星的高精度轨道动力学模型,提出基于星敏感器与磁强计相结合的自主导航算法,利用星敏感器输出高精度的姿态信息,同时恒星星光矢量与地磁场矢量组成两种观测模式,采用联合滤波算法对系统进行数值仿真,并对滤波算法的收敛性和仿真结果的精度进行了分析。通过对数值仿真结果的分析证实了该方案具有良好的鲁棒性和容错性。     

Design of BDS-3 integrity monitoring and preliminary analysis of its performance

With the improvement in the service accuracy and expansion of the application scope of satellite navigation systems, users now have high demands for system integrity that are directly related to navigation safety. As a crucial index to measure the reliability of satellite navigation systems, integrity is the ability of the system to send an alarm when an abnormity occurs. The new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) prioritized the upgrading of system integrity as an important objective in system construction. Because the system provides both basic navigation and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) services by the operational control system, BDS-3 adopts an integrated integrity monitoring and processing strategy that applies satellite autonomous integrity monitoring and ground-based integrity monitoring for both the basic navigation service and SBAS navigation service. BDS-3 also uses an improved and refined integrity parameter system to provide slow, fast and real-time integrity parameters for basic navigation, and provide SBAS-provided integrity information messages in accordance with Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) specification and dual frequency, multi-constellation (DFMC) specification to support the SBAS signal frequency, single constellation operation and DFMC operation respectively. The performance of BDS-3 system integrity monitoring is preliminarily verified during on-orbit testing in different states, including normal operation, satellite clock failure and satellite ephemeris failure. The results show that satellite autonomous integrity monitoring, ground-based integrity monitoring and satellite-based augmentation all correctly work within the system. Satellite autonomous integrity monitoring can detect satellite clock failure but not satellite orbit failure. However, ground-based integrity monitoring can detect both. Moreover, the satellite-based augmentation integrity system monitors the differential range error after satellite ephemeris and clock error corrections based on user requirements. Compared to the near minute-level time-to-alert capability of ground-based integrity monitoring, satellite autonomous integrity monitoring reduces the system alert time to less than 4 s. With a combined satellite-ground monitoring strategy and the implementation of different monitoring technologies, the BDS-3 integrity of service has been considerably improved.