叶轮机械三维粘性动静叶干涉的数值模拟

本文发展了 1套模拟叶轮机械三维粘性动静叶干涉的数值方法。在成熟的空间离散方法基础上 ,提出了 1种高效的双时间步隐式时间推进方法 ,并构造了一种保证守恒的动静叶交界面处的数值通量计算方法。本文对某三维亚音速涡轮的动静叶干涉进行了数值模拟 ,结果与实验符合较好。     

Navigation Computation in Terrestrial Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems

The problem of computing the translational velocity and position relative to earth, which has to be solved by the processor of a strapdown inertial navigation system is discussed. Several approaches are briefly examined with consideration given to the form in which the sensor data are generated and to the computational burden involved in each approach. A computational scheme is finally selected in which the computation is divided into three rate levels. The differential equations of this scheme are developed and the assumptions on which the development is founded are stated. Three variants of the basic scheme are presented, each based on a different level of simplifying assumptions. The main purpose of this work is to develop the differential equations to be solved at each stage of the computation, rather than the numerical implementation of the solution. This work supplies the theoretical background for some of the numerical methods which are now being used.     

基于RANS/LES方法的超声速底部流场数值模拟

分别采用基于两方程k-ω剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型的延迟DES(DDES)、更改的DDES(MDDES)和改进的DDES(IDDES)方法,并引入可压缩修正,结合三阶MUSCL-Roe和五阶WENO-Roe两种空间离散格式,针对超声速底部的复杂流动现象,开展了数值模拟研究。计算结果表明本文方法能够捕捉到超声速底部流动中丰富的湍流结构,通过分析计算结果对超声速底部的流动机理有了进一步的认识,为下一步的超声速底部流动减阻改进和雷诺平均NavierStokes/大涡模拟(RANS/LES)方法在非定常高可压缩性流动中的应用提供了参考。通过对比分析不同空间离散格式的计算结果研究了数值耗散对计算的影响,五阶WENO-Roe格式的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好;对不同RANS/LES混合方法的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明IDDES方法在近壁区的表现优于DDES和MDDES方法。     

某小型涡喷发动机二维数值仿真

整机二维仿真模型由带有粘性项的二维欧拉方程,燃烧模型和损失模型构成.利用任意曲线坐标系来适应复杂几何边界计算,采用隐式高阶精度Godunov格式求解非定常欧拉方程,能够自动捕捉激波,数值稳定性高.计算的总性能参数与设计值对比显示:单部件的仿真精度高于整机,涡轮仿真精度高于压气机.子午平面上的计算结果分析表明:离心压气机出口处的分离流动、燃烧室掺混孔的简化对总性能参数计算结果影响较大.     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

用虚拟黏性法构造Navier-Stokes方程黏性项的隐式格式

提出的虚拟黏性法是一种关于Navier-Stokes方程黏性项(黏性应力项和传热项)的隐式新方法。通过引入虚拟时间和虚拟黏性项,将隐式格式的构造大大简化,从而避免了大型复杂隐式差分方程组的常规求解。在虚拟时间推进过程中所需求解的方程组的系数矩阵是一个三对角矩阵,它具有计算简单且计算量小的优点。用模型方程和Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值仿真,研究各种参数对计算的影响,并在精度和效率上与显式方法进行比较,证实了算法的正确性和优势。最后分析了本文格式的适用范围。     

考虑数值离散误差的湍流模型选择引入的不确定度量化

在流体力学数值模拟过程中存在着多种来源的不确定因素,科学、定量地描述这些因素对模拟结果的影响对模型确认、工业产品设计优化和性能评估等过程十分重要。数值离散、模型选择和模型预测偏差是模拟过程中3种重要的不确定性来源,为将这3种不确定性因素对模拟目标量的影响统一考虑,发展了考虑数值离散误差的贝叶斯模型平均方法。首先,通过对数值离散解和网格尺度进行拟合完成数值离散误差估计,得到每个备选模型真实解的置信区间。然后,通过嵌套方法和条件优化算法,结合贝叶斯模型平均方法构建目标量的概率盒,定义目标变量累积分布函数的上、下限,以此分析其置信区间。最后,针对NACA0012低速绕流和CHN-T1跨声速绕流问题,给出了同时考虑上述3种不确定性因素之后升、阻力系数的置信区间分析示例。     

通信传输系统计算机仿真技术

 摘要 本文综述了基于Monte-Carlo方法的各种误码率仿真算法,概括了线性、非线性和编译码通信信道的建模问题,给出了信号通过线性系统的各种仿真方法。最后提出了通信传输系统仿真技术的发展方向和有待深入研究的几个问题。     

Nonclassical Transport and Particle-Field Coupling: from Laboratory Plasmas to the Solar Wind

Understanding transport of thermal and suprathermal particles is a fundamental issue in laboratory, solar-terrestrial, and astrophysical plasmas. For laboratory fusion experiments, confinement of particles and energy is essential for sustaining the plasma long enough to reach burning conditions. For solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas, transport properties determine the spatial and temporal distribution of energetic particles, which can be harmful for spacecraft functioning, as well as the entry of solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. For astrophysical plasmas, transport properties determine the efficiency of particle acceleration processes and affect observable radiative signatures. In all cases, transport depends on the interaction of thermal and suprathermal particles with the electric and magnetic fluctuations in the plasma. Understanding transport therefore requires us to understand these interactions, which encompass a wide range of scales, from magnetohydrodynamic to kinetic scales, with larger scale structures also having a role. The wealth of transport studies during recent decades has shown the existence of a variety of regimes that differ from the classical quasilinear regime. In this paper we give an overview of nonclassical plasma transport regimes, discussing theoretical approaches to superdiffusive and subdiffusive transport, wave–particle interactions at microscopic kinetic scales, the influence of coherent structures and of avalanching transport, and the results of numerical simulations and experimental data analyses. Applications to laboratory plasmas and space plasmas are discussed.     

非定常数值模拟方法的发展及其在动态绕流中的应用

基于混合通量分裂的思想,通过应用Gauss-Seidel迭代求解差分方程,构造了一种时空二阶精度、无条件稳定的隐式迭代NND算法,并讨论了时间精度与稳定性,亚迭代收敛判则,几何守恒律的应用以及动壁边界条件等相关问题.通过引入一种简便易行的加权函数来综合刚性动网格生成技术和超限插值生成动网格这两种方法的优点,发展了一种计算量小、比较实用的加权动网格生成技术.作为应用实例,本文给出了多个动态物体绕流的数值模拟算例,计算结果表明了本文数值方法的成功.     

Development of an efficient contact-friction model for high-fidelity cargo airdrop simulation

High-fidelity cargo airdrop simulation requires the contact dynamics between an aircraft and a cargo to be modeled accurately. This paper presents a general and efficient contact-friction model for simulation of aircraft-cargo coupling dynamics during airdrops. The proposed approach has the same essence as that of the finite element node-to-segment contact formulation, which leads to a flexible, straight forward, and efficient code implementation. The formulation is developed under an arbitrary moving frame with both the aircraft and the cargo being treated as general six-degree-of-freedom rigid bodies, and thus it eliminates the restrictions of lateral symmetric assumptions in most existing methods. Moreover, the aircraft-cargo coupling algorithm is discussed in detail, and some practical implementation details are presented. The accuracy and capability of the present method are demonstrated through three numerical examples with increasing complexity and fidelity.     

一种多级轴流压气机特性预测的工程方法

基于多级轴流压气机部件设计点气动参数与相应几何尺寸,发展了一种计算发动机高、低压压气机部件特性近似方法,完成了相应的计算程序编制,并将其应用于三个多级轴流压气机部件特性预测.计算结果与实验数据比较表明,该方法作为一种近似方法具有可接受的工程精度,尤其适合于预测发动机压气机部件小转速特性,为涡扇/涡喷发动机起动过程分析与计算提供模型基础.      

带筋整体壁板预应力喷丸成形数值模拟及变形预测

带筋整体壁板特别是高筋整体壁板具有优异的结构效率、减重效益和密封效果，在航空航天等领域备受青睐。预应力喷丸成形是大中型、长寿命、高性能复杂带筋整体壁板的一种不可多得的有效成形手段。数值模拟是促进带筋整体壁板预应力喷丸成形技术研究、进步与应用的一种极具潜力的途径。针对带筋整体壁板预应力喷丸成形数值模拟，建立了基于响应面函数的多弹丸撞击有限元模型、基于应变中性层内移的反弯曲应力场法模拟模型、预应力喷丸成形RBF神经网络预测模型，实现了喷丸成形应力场法数值模拟、预应力喷丸成形较高精度数值模拟与变形预测，为带筋整体壁板预应力喷丸成形技术研究和实际应用提供了一种更为便捷、高效、经济的途径。     

金属切削加工的热力耦合模型及有限元模拟研究

基于切削加工的热-弹塑性有限元方程并在一定假设的条件下,建立了金属正交切削加工的热力耦合有限元模型。分析、研究了切屑分离标准、刀屑界面的摩擦模型以及热控制方程等切削加工模拟所涉及的关键技术,并提出了几何-应力切屑分离标准。最后,采用ABAQUS软件对材料40CrNiMoA进行了切削加工模拟,并分析、讨论了模拟结果。通过与试验数据比较,证明了所建立的有限元模型的正确性。     

脉冲子结构与有限元刚-弹混合连接的子结构方法

航天器结构的日益复杂庞大对系统级的动力学建模仿真以及进一步的结构优化提出了巨大挑战。为提高动力学求解效率,通常引用动态子结构方法。本文利用适于处理瞬态冲击问题的脉冲子结构(IBS)方法,并对其进行改进,将基于脉冲响应函数(IRF)的子结构与有限元建立的子结构综合,同时考虑刚性、弹性以及刚-弹混合连接情形下的子结构综合格式。通过3个数值算例,验证了方法的正确性。最后将刚-弹混合连接下的子结构方法应用到月球探测器软着陆的动态响应预测,结果表明该方法适于对月球探测器软着陆动态响应进行高精度快速预测,并且可以应用于月球探测器的局部动力学结构优化。     

Application of the Abel equation to describe the precession motion of a gyrostabilized platform

The angular velocity of the gyrostabilized platform (GSP) precession motion is described using the second-kind Abel equation. It is shown that this method offers the advantage over the existing approaches that consists in the use of a minimal number of assumptions in constructing the GSP drift model. The results of the numerical simulation are presented.     

压气机叶栅内二次流的数值研究

本文应用Beam-Warming近似隐式因子分解格式以及MML代数湍流模型,采用拟压缩性方法求解雷诺平均拟压缩N-S方程组,对压气机叶栅内三维粘性流场进行了数值研究。结果发现,在给定的流动条件下,叶栅内有多涡系组成的二次流旋涡结构。这些涡系的产生、发展、破裂以及相互作用显示了叶栅通道内三维流动的主要特征并对流动损失具有重要影响。计算结果与实验结果比较,两者吻合较好。      

一种改进的航空发动机结构概率风险评估方法

针对航空发动机适航条款FAR33.75中关于发动机限寿件(ELLP)结构失效概率要求,提出了一种基于Kriging和蒙特卡罗半径外重要抽样(MCROIS)混合的结构概率风险评估方法。该方法针对ELLP高维、小失效概率事件以及极限状态函数为隐式、高度非线性的特点,利用Kriging元模型模拟隐式极限状态函数,然后通过主动学习迭代算法,计算最优点(MPP,最接近设计验算点的样本点),更新实验设计(DOE)并提高Kriging元模型的模拟精度。在此基础上,利用Kriging元模型确定最优抽样半径,构造半径外重要抽样密度函数,在最优抽样半径确定区域进行抽样,通过构造主动学习函数,使样本点更多落在抽样半径确定的球区域附近,加速失效概率计算的收敛,并构建了ELLP风险概率模型,解决了高维、小失效概率事件以及隐式、非线性极限状态函数的发动机结构概率风险评估难题,以某型发动机低压压气机轮盘为应用示例,与传统的蒙特卡罗仿真(MCS)方法进行了对比,验证了该方法的高效率、鲁棒性和仿真精度。     

Performance complexity study of several approaches to automatictarget recognition from SAR images

A framework which allows for the direct comparison of alternate approaches to automatic target recognition (ATR) from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is described and applied to variants of several ATR algorithms. This framework allows comparisons to be made on an even footing while minimizing the impact of implementation details and accounts for variation in image sizes, in angular resolution, and in the sizes of orientation windows used for training. Alternate approaches to ATR are characterized in terms of the best achievable performance as a function of the complexity of the model parameter database. Several approaches to ATR from SAR images are described and the performance achievable by each for a range of database complexities is studied and compared. These approaches are based on a likelihood test under a conditionally Gaussian model, log-magnitude least squared error, and quarter power least squared error. All approaches are evaluated for a wide range of parameterizations and the dependence on these parameters of both the resulting performance and the resulting database complexity is explored. Databases for all of the approaches are trained using identical sets of images and their performance is assessed under identical testing scenarios in terms of probability of correct classification, confusion matrices, and orientation estimation error. The results indicate that the conditionally Gaussian approach outperforms the other two approaches on average for both target recognition and orientation estimation, that accounting for radar power fluctuation improves performance for all three methods, and that the conditionally Gaussian approach normalized for power delivers average performance that is equal or superior to all other considered approaches