透平机叶轮叶片五轴数控粗加工优化方法的研究

为提高透平机叶轮叶片的加工质量和效率,在粗加工阶段,提出采用侧铣方法代替传统五轴数控加工中点铣,实现高效加工。基于多片直纹面包络叶片型面,提出一套复杂曲面蜕变直纹面方法,并给出相应算法,实现侧铣加工。以喷推叶轮为例,采用UG-NX进行建模与数控编程,用VERICUT刀轨仿真,通过加工路径的比较,对加工效率进行量化分析。结果表明,采用分段侧铣方法,生成的刀轨刀轴矢量变化均匀,刀具和零件未发生干涉,加工效率和加工质量明显得到提高。     

高效切削与高完整性加工技术

高效加工是满足日益提高的产品精度和生产效率要求的必要措施.选择合适的高效切削加工工艺和高完整性加工技术,可以在大幅降低生产成本的同时实现加工工件的高尺寸精度和高表面完整性.对高效切削加工工艺及高完整性技术进行综述,介绍和分析包括高速切削技术、复合加工技术、先进加工刀具、高效冷却技术和新型高完整性加工原理及其技术应用.研究表明,切削高速度、刀具高效率、机床高复合、冷却高环保以及新型高完整性加工技术是高效切削及切削后续工艺的重要发展方向.     

开式整体叶盘四坐标高效开槽插铣工艺方法

 整体叶盘的加工余量主要是在其通道开槽粗加工阶段去除的,提高通道开槽切削效率是实现叶盘高效加工的关键。根据开式整体叶盘通道的结构特点,提出了四坐标插铣开槽高效低成本粗加工方法。通过叶盘叶片偏置面的直纹包络面逼近,确定叶盘通道粗加工区域,给出了四坐标插铣刀位轨迹生成算法。该方法有效解决了直纹面逼近的曲面边界问题,并通过对叶片偏置面的直纹逼近从根本上避免了刀位轨迹计算时误差的产生。实验表明,与传统的侧铣开槽粗加工相比,采用四坐标插铣方式切削力可降低60%,粗加工效率可提高1倍以上。     

钛合金TC17大掠扭整体叶盘高效开粗策略研究

根据钛合金TC17大扭掠风扇整体叶盘通道的结构特点和材料切削性能,提出了"插铣+侧向绕铣"开槽高效低成本粗加工方法。采用插铣高效率去除叶片通道的大余量,通过侧向绕铣完成叶片型面的逼近加工方便后续叶片的半精加工或精加工。实验表明,与传统的侧铣开槽粗加工相比,采用"插铣+侧向绕铣"方式可以降低刀具成本,使粗加工效率可提高1倍以上。     

微小整体叶轮五轴联动微细铣削加工试验研究

微小整体叶轮作为微型发动机的重要组成部分,其加工质量直接影响微型发动机的使用性能。针对微小整体式复杂叶轮流道狭窄、叶片扭曲大和长厚比大等特点,开展了微小复杂扭曲整体式叶轮五轴联动微细铣削加工方法研究。针对微小叶轮加工过程极易发生变形、过切和碰撞干涉等问题,对微小叶轮的加工过程进行工艺规划,建立了微小叶轮流道加工刀具选择的约束方程,计算出叶轮加工刀具的最大理论直径。通过CAM软件对叶轮进行切削仿真,验证了刀具选择和工艺规划的正确性。通过五轴联动微细铣削试验,得到了具有6个直径10mm的叶片、叶片最小厚度0.15mm、叶片最小相邻间距0.58mm的7075铝合金微小整体叶轮。     

航空发动机机匣摆线粗加工轨迹规划方法

针对机匣零件粗加工过程中凸台多、加工余量大、材料难切削、刀具磨损快、加工周期长等特点,提出了一种机匣摆线粗加工刀具轨迹规划方法,该方法能有效控制切削过程中刀具负载的变化,改善刀具切削过程中的加热-冷却循环,减缓刀具的磨损,提高机匣粗加工效率。首先,通过对两种摆线模型的分析,建立了摆线铣数学模型,并分析了摆线铣的优缺点;其次,结合机匣零件特点,将模型在精度范围内离散为点模型,利用圆锥将模型展开并建立展开模型与原始模型间的映射关系。通过对可加工区域的划分和平面逼近,生成了适用于机匣零件的摆线粗加工刀具轨迹。最后,分别通过摆线铣刀具磨损实验、平面型腔摆线铣实验和机匣摆线铣实验,验证了摆线铣在降低刀具磨损、延长刀具寿命方面的有效性,以及本文轨迹生成算法在航空发动机机匣实际加工中的正确性和高效性。研究成果能有效缩短加工周期、降低加工成本,提升机匣零件的粗加工效率。     

发展现代高效刀具提高加工效率和效益

现在我国很多企业制造技术水平不高,对机械行业中通过现代切削技术和高效先进刀具来提高生产效率并降低成本的认识不足,不重视通过提高加工技术水平来提高生产效率。我国的机床生产近年来发展迅速,制造业的机床拥有量已达700万台,在世界遥遥领先,稳居第一,但刀具工业却远远落后于机床的发展。切削技术落后,先进的高效机床没有高效先进的刀具配备,从而使高效机床的加工效率得不到发挥,严重影响了生产效率的提高和加工成本的降低,制约了制造业的进一步发展。     

整体叶盘盘铣加工切削力及刀具磨损实验研究

本文对整体叶盘开槽粗加工时从切削速度、进给量、径向切深等切削参数对切削力的影响进行研究。选用正交实验的方法进行盘铣切削实验,得到切削参数对切削力的影响变化规律,并对刀具在切削过程中的磨损进行分析,进一步验证优化的切削参数,为整体叶盘的盘铣加工参数的合理制定与加工工艺的优化提供参考。     

整体叶盘铣削数控编程与加工技术

整体叶盘有良好的结构完整性、轻质化、装配环节少、装配精度高等优点,已被广泛应用于航空发动机中。根据整体叶盘的切削加工特征,将其简化为整体叶盘基准件,从数控编程和加工技术两方面实现整体叶盘的高质量加工。首先,利用Hyper MILL软件对整体叶盘基准件进行数控编程,优化获得理想的刀具路径,保证高效高质量的零件加工。然后,利用DMU-70V五轴加工中心对钛合金TC4整体叶盘基准件进行切削加工,在整体叶盘基准件叶片和流道几何特征的精加工时,选用不同型号的立铣刀,并监测加工过程中的切削力。最后,对加工后叶片和流道加工表面形貌进行测试分析,并结合切削力对比分析国产刀具和进口刀具对钛合金整体叶盘的切削加工性能。     

钛合金TC4粗加工刀具优选及切削参数优化

针对市场上一些适用于钛合金粗加工的立铣刀,进行了刀具优选的切削试验,选用单元材料可变加工成本作为刀具优选评价指标,对刀具的切削性能进行了量化评价。优选试验结果表明,价格低廉的焊接式硬质合金立铣刀用于钛合金粗加工的性价比较高,整体式硬质合金刀具用于钛合金粗加工并不经济。使用单因素试验法对优选出的刀具进行切削参数优化试验,得到了焊接式硬质合金立铣刀粗加工钛合金时较适用的切削参数范围。同时以不同的加工效率为约束,以单元材料最小加工成本为优化目标函数,对刀具的切削参数进一步优化,使用遗传算法对优化模型进行求解。优化结果显示,焊接式硬质合金立铣刀的加工效率不宜太大,优化得到了刀具较经济的加工效率和较理想的切削参数。     

直纹面叶轮刀具轨迹规划的研究(英文)

At present, most commercial computer-aided manufacturing （CAM） systems are deficient in efficiency and performances on generating tool path during machining impellers. To solve the problem, this article develops a special software to plan cutting path for ruled surface impellers. An approximation algorithm to generate cutting path for machining integral ruled surface impellers is proposed. By fitting sampling data points of an impeller blade into a curve, a model of ruled surface blade of an impeller is built up. Furthermore, by calculating the points where the cutter axis vector intersects the free-form hub surface of an impeller, problems about, for instance, the ambiguity in calculation and machining the wide blade surface with a short flute cutter are solved. Finally, an integral impeller cutting path is planned by way of an integrated cutter location control algorithm. Simulation and machining tests with an impeller are performed on a 5-axis computer numerically controlled （CNC） mill machine, which shows the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.     

自由曲面叶轮的四坐标数控加工研究

 针对自由曲面叶轮的四坐标加工，提出了一种刀轴矢量的确定方法。给定工作台倾斜角度和刀具后跟角，四坐标加工的刀轴矢量必然位于这两个角度确定的两个圆锥面上。通过对两个圆锥面求交并结合叶轮加工的实际特点，给出了自由曲面叶轮四坐标加工刀轴矢量的计算方法。根据得到的刀轴矢量，计算相应的侧偏角，从而可将五坐标加工的理论和方法直接应用于四坐标加工中。算例表明，该方法合理可行，能够有效提高四坐标加工效率、降低叶轮加工成本，并可推广至一般曲面的四坐标加工以及五轴四联动加工。     

开式整体叶盘四坐标插铣开槽粗加工刀位轨迹规划

提出在开式整体叶盘的粗加工阶段,采用插铣加工代替传统的五轴数控加工点铣和侧铣,实现高效加工.提出将自由曲面蜕变为直纹面,将复杂自由曲面粗加工问题转化为简单的直纹面粗加工问题.这种方法的加工效率比传统加工方法提高约60%以上.     

An automated approach to calculating the maximum diameters of multiple cutters and their paths for sectional milling of centrifugal impellers on a 4?-axis CNC machine

Power generators and chemical engineering compressors include heavy and large centrifugal impellers. To produce these impellers in high-speed machining, a 4?-axis milling machine(or a 4-axis machine plus an indexing table) is often used in the industry, which is more rigid than a5-axis milling machine. Since impeller blades are designed with complex B-spline surfaces and impeller channels spaces vary significantly, it is more efficient to use multiple cutters as large as possible to cut a channel in sections and a blade surface in patches, instead of only using a small cutter to machine a whole blade and a channel. Unfortunately, no approach has been established to automatically calculate the largest diameters of cutters and their paths, which include the indexing table angles. To address this problem, an automated and optimization approach is proposed. Based on the structure of a 4?-axis machine, a geometric model for a cutter gouging/interfering the impeller is formulated, and an optimization model of the cutter diameter in terms of the indexing table angle is established at a cutter contact(CC) point on a blade surface. Then, the diameters of the tools,their orientations, and the indexing table angles are optimized, and each tool's paths are generated for machining its corresponding impeller section. As a test, an impeller is efficiently machined with these tools section by section; thus, this approach is valid. It can be directly used in the industry to improve efficiency of machining centrifugal impellers.     

Electrode design using revolving entity extraction for high-efficiency electric discharge machining of integral shrouded blisk

The integral shrouded blisk provides better performance with minimum weight, but its semi-open structure presents problems for its production. Manufacturing processes of these components require a removal of about 70%-90% of material from their blanks. Multi-axis electrical discharge machining (EDM) is commonly used for these processes, but its poor efficiency cannot meet the requirements of mass production. Strong flushing assisted high-current discharge is able to improve the machining efficiency. In this paper, this method was applied to manufacture the integral shrouded blisk. An electrode design method was proposed. Taking the largest revolving entity inside the flow channel as the base geometry, this laminated arc-shaped hollow electrode meets the requirements such as high pressure flushing, tool wear compensation, and easy to be made. A 4-axis linkage machining tool path with planetary motion was proposed. Taking an integral guide vane ring as an example, it has been experimentally verified that the time consumption for each channel using this method was reduced to a half of the ordinary EDM method, while the finished surface quality remains same.     

开式整体叶轮加工关键工艺技术研究

首先分析了该类零件的几何特点以及加工难点,然后提出了粗加工以及精加工当中的关键技术。阐述了插铣粗加工中,有关叶片直纹包络面的构建,刀轴矢量的选择;精加工中叶片整体加工中使用参数法规划均匀的刀具切削轨迹等关键技术。最后利用VERICUT软件,进行了加工仿真的验证,并且加工完成了开式整体叶轮的加工实例。     

钛合金整体闭式叶轮刀具的研究

本文结合某型号钛合金整体闭式叶轮的研制过程,针对钛合金材料的加工特性,和整体闭式叶轮的结构特点,采用科学的正交实验方法和先进的加工方法来优化刀具几何参数及提高刀具刚性,使数控铣削刀具达到理想的切削性能和耐用度,从而大幅提高加工效率和质量,降低生产成本。     

Dual Drive Curve Tool Path Planning Method for 5-axis NC Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

The problem of finished surface being not first-order continuous commonly exists in machining sculptured surfaces with a torus cutter and some other types of cutters. To solve this problem, a dual drive curve tool path planning method is proposed in this article. First, the maximum machining strip width of a whole tool path can be obtained through optimizing each tool position with multi-point machining (MPM) method. Second, two drive curves are then determined according to the obtained maximum machining strip width. Finally, the tool is positioned once more along the dual drive curve under the condition of tool path smoothness. A computer simulation and cutting experiments are carried out to testify the performance of the new method. The machined surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to examine the machining quality. The results obtained show that this method can effectively eliminate sharp scallops between adjacent tool paths, keep tool paths smooth, and improve the surface machining quality as well as machining efficiency.     

基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法

镜像铣加工装备及其加工工艺是蒙皮零件加工的有效手段,其特殊工艺对加工刀轨提出了等步距、无交叉、无抬刀且无残留等特殊要求。针对蒙皮零件加工特征的复杂形状,在满足等步距、无抬刀、无交叉的条件下对加工残留区域进行刀轨优化是一个难题。为解决以上难题,本文提出了一种基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法。该方法基于特征将蒙皮零件的工艺信息与几何信息相关联,自动提取加工特征的加工面及其对应的刀轨,将刀轨分割成若干段子刀轨,并构建子加工区域,再利用布尔并运算得到最终可加工区域。然后对加工面区域与最终可加工区域求布尔差识别出加工残留区域,并根据加工残区位置自适应生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的优化刀轨。以典型复杂蒙皮零件验证本文提出的方法,结果表明,基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法可自动识别加工残区,并生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的加工残区优化刀轨,为提高蒙皮零件数控编程效率提供技术支撑。