Multipoint optimization on fuel efficiency in conceptual design of wide-body aircraft

Aircraft conceptual design optimizations that maximize the performance at a design condition (single-point) may result in designs with unsatisfying off-design performance. To further improve aircraft efficiency under actual flight operations, there is a need to consider multiple flight conditions (multipoint) in aircraft conceptual design and optimization. A new strategy for multipoint optimizations in aircraft conceptual design is proposed in this paper. A wide-body aircraft is taken as an example for both single-point and multipoint optimizations with the objective of maximizing the specific hourly productivity. Boeing 787-8 flight data was used in the multipoint optimization to reflect the true objective function. The results show that the optimal design from the multipoint optimization has a 7.72% total specific hourly productivity increase of entire flight missions compared with that of the baseline aircraft, while the increase in the total specific hourly productivity from the single-point optimal design is only 5.73%. The differences between the results of single-point and multipoint optimizations indicate that there is a good option to further improve aircraft efficiency by considering actual flight conditions in aircraft conceptual design and optimization.     

Downwash modelling for three-lifting-surface aircraft configuration design

This paper introduces a semi-empirical model to predict the downwash gradient at the horizontal tail of a three-lifting-surface aircraft. The superposition principle applied to well established formulations valid for two lifting surfaces is not a reasonable approach to calculate the downwash of a canard-wing-tail layout, and this paper demonstrates that such a basic technique leads to incorrect results. Therefore, an ad hoc prediction model is proposed that considers the combined nonlinear effec...     

概念机中的结构设计与建模研究

飞机结构设计在飞机研制过程中起着关键的作用,在飞机概念设计阶段进行结构概念设计可以使提出的概念设计方案更加完善。论述了飞机结构设计在概念设计阶段的作用和方法,着重研究了按照面向对象方式进行数据组织的计算机辅助飞机概念设计系统中进行飞机结构概念设计的方法与措施,以及在这一系统中建立结构件数值模型的步骤。结合结构材料数据库的实现,最后提出了集成与结构相关的各种数据库并进行分类管理的建议。     

Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.     

民用飞机客舱快速设计及自动化调整

为提高总体设计的质量和效率,研究了民用飞机机身剖面构型及客舱的设计措施,并在一个开放式飞机总体设计环境中实现这一功能。定义了飞机机身类部件坐标系,提出了机身剖面构型、地板、装饰层、厨房、卫生间、衣帽间、应急出口、舱门、舱段隔板、座椅和行李架等的参数化描述和模型构建方法,设计了客舱参数化描述数据结构、剖面构型与客舱布置的数据对应关系及客舱设计逻辑,建立了交互式机身剖面构型和客舱二、三维快速设计环境。在此基础上,实现了客舱模型的自动化调整,为总体设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础。最后,给出若干设计实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

一种飞机顶层设计指标最优分配的新方法

探讨了一种新的设计指标最优分配方法--协同分配法,用于处理飞机顶层设计中的大规模设计指标最优分配问题.分析了飞机顶层设计中的设计指标最优分配特征,据此给出了协同法的原理并建立了数学模型.协同法按设计指标分配关系将最优分配问题分解为主系统优化和子系统优化,主优化对子系统设计指标进行最优分配,子优化以最小化分配设计指标值与期望设计指标值之间的差异为目标,进行子系统最优设计,或对底层元件(如飞机翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等)进行设计指标最优分配,并把最优解信息反馈给主优化.主优化通过子优化最优解信息构成的一致性约束协调分配量,提高系统整体性能,并重新给出分配方案.主系统与子系统反复协调,直到得到设计指标最优分配方案.两层可靠度指标分配算例初步验证了本文方法的正确性与可行性,三层可靠度指标分配算例证明了本文方法的有效性.最后,以重量指标分配为例,简要叙述了针对飞机顶层设计中设计指标协同分配的数学模型和求解思路.     

飞机总体优化设计的新进展

回顾飞机总体优化设计的传统方法 ,介绍多学科优化方法在飞机设计中的应用状况和最新发展。重点讨论为解决设计变量过多和计算耗费太大问题提出的试验设计和响应面近似法以及带不确定性多学科优化的鲁棒设计方法。提出飞机总体优化设计的一些关键研究领域 :气动—结构、气动—隐身、结构—主动控制等 ,最后展望多学科优化在飞机总体设计中的应用前景     

飞机综合航电系统总体设计综合评估方法

 航空电子系统的费用 效能是飞机总体系统效能的重要组成部分，也是降低飞机寿命周期费用的关键之一。在航空电子系统的总体设计阶段，传统的系统评估和优化方法主要针对的是独立子系统/设备的费用或效能指标。综合航电系统设计方案的费用 效能重要指标包括：可支付性、构型能力、任务能力、可靠性、维修性、测试性和技术风险，以组合的方式获得了相应的综合评估准则，给出了计算公式。以某新研航电系统作为实例演示了综合评估方法的实施情况，演示的重点集中于总体设计方案的可视化量化评估分析。该综合评估方法已显示出其在实际工程设计中的可行性和应用价值。     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

计算机辅助飞机总体方案设计系统设计对象模型与设计过程模型

介绍计算机辅助设计系统的概念及基本要求,以及计算机辅助飞机总体方案设计系统的特点与要求。模型问题是建立系统的首要问题,根据设计理论的概念,建立了设计对象模型及设计过程模型。设计对象模型用于综合所有设计工具;设计过程模型用于描述设计过程与设计活动。通过飞机总体参数选择阶段系统的开发,说明所建立的模型是正确的、有效的。     

面向过程知识重用的飞机设计过程ProA_K模型

针对飞机设计过程的复杂性特点,引入设计过程ProA建模方法,将飞机设计过程知识集成到过程ProA模型中,提出了飞机设计过程ProA_K模型,该模型利用PorA过程模型的遗传性和继承性等特点,实现设计过程知识的重用,提高飞机设计效率。     

基于知识的可扩展飞机概念设计环境原型研究(英文)

由于飞机概念设计阶段所涉及任务的高度复杂性和多学科集成性,知识和经验成为设计师开展设计任务的基础。即使针对同一个设计任务,不同的设计师仍需要适合他们自己的设计知识、方法和工具来满足其个体要求。针对以上需求本文提出了一种基于知识的可扩展的构建飞机概念设计系统的方法。基于这种方法建立了具有开放式框架基于知识的飞机概念设计环境KEACDE。设计师应用此环境可以封装集成所需的设计分析组件并构建针对不同需求的飞机概念设计系统。定义了KEACDE的系统框架,知识组件封装方法和可扩展基础数据库建立方法。应用KEACDE实现了一个民用飞机概念设计系统的构建。最后给出了民用飞机设计实例以说明系统的可行性。     

Analysis of conventional and asymmetric aircraft configurations using CEASIOM

One of the main drivers behind the SimSAC project and the CEASIOM software is to bring stability analysis and control system design earlier into the aircraft conceptual design process. Within this paper two very different aircraft are considered, a conventional T-tail based on the existing EA500 Very Light Jet and the second, a novel Z-wing configuration known as the GAV or general aviation vehicle. The first aircraft serves as a baseline comparison for the second, and the cruise case is considered as a benchmark for identifying potential drag reductions and aircraft stability characteristics. CEASIOM, the Computerised Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimisation Methods, is used to generate aerodynamic data sets for both aircraft, create trim conditions and the associated linear models for classical stability analysis. The open-loop Z-wing configuration is shown to display both highly unstable and coupled modes before a multivariable Stability Augmentation System (SAS) is applied both to decouple and stabilise the aircraft. Within this paper, these two aircraft provide a test case with which to demonstrate the capabilities of the CEASIOM environment and the tools which have been developed during the SimSAC project. This new software suite is shown to allow conceptual development of unconventional novel configurations from mass properties through adaptive-fidelity aerodynamics to linear analysis and control system design.     

飞机维护虚拟样机技术研究与实现

分析了飞机设计中虚拟样机与数字样机技术的区别和联系,提出了基于虚拟样机工程生命周期管理P3R模型的虚拟样机仿真支撑平台体系结构,从虚拟样机维护视图的角度,阐述了飞机维护虚拟样机的概念,描述了以Windchill为基础设施构建的虚拟样机协同工作支撑平台和维护虚拟样机仿真定义与评估工具的功能和计算机实现,重点讨论了飞机虚拟样机维护过程的定义方法。     

用于飞机概念设计的设计要求输入和初步定参数环境

为了在飞机概念设计过程中给新型号的设计要求组织和基本参数估算提供便捷且可扩展的工具而开发了设计要求与初步定参数环境(EDRIPS)。在这一环境中，设计可以通过友好的用户界面交互地输入飞机的性能要求、构造任务剖面和选取有效载荷，然后以此为基础从约束分析所得的可行域中选取设计点，进而利用一种改进的估算飞机起飞重量的方法进行任务分析以得到飞机的基本设计参数。介绍了各模块的实现措施和所采用的方法。最后通过对一个设计实例的分析验证了EDRIPS应用于飞机概念设计的有效性和可靠性。     

DESIGN OBJECT MODEL AND DESIGN PROCESS MODEL OF COMPUTER AIDED AIRCRAFT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN SYSTEM

ＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＢＪＥＣＴＭＯＤＥＬＡＮＤＤＥＳＩＧＮＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＡＩＤＥＤＡＩＲＣＲＡＦＴＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＵＡＬＤＥＳＩＧＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＳｈｅｎＺｈａｎｇ（ＡｉｒｃｒａｆｔＣＡＤＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎ...     

基于DELMIA的飞机三维装配工艺设计与仿真

针对我国航空制造业当前装配工艺规划与设计的现状,开展了基于DELMIA进行飞机三维装配工艺设计与仿真方法的研究,对三维装配工艺设计与仿真的关键技术进行了重点分析,包括三维工艺组件划分、装配生产线布局规划、基于知识的装配工艺规划,以及装配仿真中的装配干涉检查、人机工效仿真,并通过某型飞机机翼装配对三维工艺设计与仿真进行了应用验证。     

基于神经网络的飞行器总体优化设计

针对经验公式存在的精度低、适用范围受限的缺点,采用广义回归网络代替经验公式计算气动特性,并将其嵌入到优化设计流程之中,提出了一种基于神经网络的飞行器总体优化设计方法。神经网络的训练样本输入、输出数据通过试验设计和涡格法计算得到。以高空长航时无人机为例,选取航时与机翼结构重量系数作为目标函数,应用所提出的方法进行总体优化设计。计算结果表明,提出的方法是可行的,能够满足设计要求,同时降低优化过程的复杂程度,减少迭代次数。     

MDO环境下的BWB气动模型及在概念设计中的应用

提出了MDO环境下分析亚音速BWB布局的气动模型建立途径,以升力面理论为基础,修正型阻、波阻与涡升力的影响,来分析非常规布局的气动特性,实现了比传统概念设计方法更高的分析精度和比CFD快得多的计算速度。通过与大展弦比平直机翼和小展弦比三角翼实验数据的对比,验证了分析模型的有效性;并将其应用于一个亚音速BWB布局的概念设计优化过程,实现了基本的气动／结构一体化设计。可靠的分析模型的建立将成为BWB布局飞机多学科设计优化的坚实基础。