Minimum Trajectory Sensitivity of a Large Launch Booster Control System

An optimal closed-loop control scheme is developed for a linear timevarying system. The system has two independent parameters which may deviate from their nominal values. The problem is motivated by the possible failure of the control system of the large launch booster after takeoff. The computational scheme involves an iterative algorithm and requires the solution to a matrix Riccati equation. An example is given as an illustration.     

倾转旋翼机动态倾转过渡过程的操纵策略优化

利用最优控制方法研究倾转旋翼机的最优动态倾转过渡过程,并得到最优操纵策略,使得由时间、姿态角变化以及驾驶员工作负荷等组成的性能指标达到最小。首先,在基本纵向刚体飞行动力学模型的基础上引入混合操纵方程,并使用杆量位移的一阶导数作为控制量,形成适用于计算倾转旋翼机动态倾转过渡过程的飞行动力学模型,从而能在动态倾转操纵策略优化过程中考虑到操纵系统特性对操纵量变化速度的限制,以及避免操纵量在优化过程中出现跳跃不连续。然后,将倾转旋翼机的最优动态倾转过渡过程转化为非线性动态最优控制问题,建立合理的性能指标,并采用直接转换法和序列二次规划算法进行求解。最后,以XV-15倾转旋翼机为样机,分别计算正向和逆向最优动态倾转过渡过程,并与驾驶员飞行仿真数据进行对比。结果表明:飞行状态量的时间历程与文献吻合地较好,且俯仰姿态角和杆量位移变化更加柔和。最优控制方法可以用于研究倾转旋翼机的最优动态倾转过渡过程。     

Design and Application of an Adaptive Tracking Filter Control System

The design of an adaptive tracking filter control system and its application to large flexible booster vehicles is described. The problem of elastic vehicle stability is considered along with its solution by conventional and adaptive techniques. The improvement in vehicle stability, which may be achieved with the adaptive tracking filter technique as compared to conventional techniques, is shown. The control system evolved uses two adaptive tracking filters to phase stabilize the first and second bending modes, in addition to conventional compensation techniques. The application of this adaptive technique to a vehicle in which the modal frequencies are in close proximity (<2.5 percent separation) is discussed. The mechanization of the adaptive control system involves the selection of design techniques and components that are electrically and physically compatible with the intended airborne application. The development of a suitable frequency tracking technique and tracking filter is described, in addition to the electronic and mechanical design of the adaptive control system prototype.     

Legendre-Gauss拟谱法求解最优控制问题

 提出一种新的求解基于常微分方程(ODE)和微分代数方程(DAE)的最优控制问题的数值方法。本方法基于直接配置法,通过Legendre-Gauss拟谱法同时离散化状态变量和控制变量把最优控制问题转化为一个非线性规划问题。与传统的直接转换法相比,本方法具有精度高、计算量小、结构简单的特点,而且可以求解最优控制“多相”问题。数值结果表明,本方法是一种通用的精度较高的最优控制直接数值求解法,可用于求解ODE/DAE最优控制问题。     

网络化系统集成优化控制的实现

提出了网络化系统集成优化控制问题,对网络化系统的集成优化控制方法及其实现进行了分析和研究,并对网络化系统集成优化控制方法的性能分析、方法实施中的信息安全及其实际应用问题进行了探讨。     

飞控系统受限控制量线性规划最优分配

概要地介绍了具有冗余操纵面的飞控系统中受限制量分配问题的概念,数学表述方法和直接最优分配方案及其几何算法,并指出该算法在存在难于计算机实现的困难。通过分析,将该问题转化为标准线性规划问题,给出了详细的转化过程,从而使其易于计算机实现。最后通过算例说明了这处改进和算法是正确有效的。     

Optimal Precession Control of Randomly Perturbed Spin-Stabilized Satellite

Dynamics of the satellite angular momenta is modeled by ordinary differential equations with additive white noise. A feedback controller er is desired to maintain tolerable satellite momenta and to economize ze the fuel consumption. The stochastic optimal control problem is transformed into an equivalent deterministic optimization problem involving a parabolic partial differential equation. Necessary optimality y conditions are used to develop a computation algorithm. Results regarding optimal controls, expected costs, and confinement probabilities in different noisy environments are presented.     

On Optimal Control of Linear Systems in the Presence of Multiplicative Noise

This correspondence considers the problem of optimal regulator design for discrete time linear systems subjected to white state-dependent and control-dependent noise in addition to additive white noise in the input and the observations. A pseudo-deterministic problem is first defined in which multiplicative and additive input disturbances are present, but noise-free measurements of the complete state vector are available. This problem is solved via discrete dynamic programing. Next is formulated the problem in which the number of measurements is less than that of the state variables and the measurements are contaminated with state-dependent noise. The inseparability of control and estimation is brought into focus, and an "enforced separation" solution is obtained via heuristic reasoning in which the control gains are shown to be the same as those in the pseudo-deterministic problem. An optimal linear state estimator is given in order to implement the controller.     

Low-Sensitivity Design of Optimal Linear Control Systems

The quadratic performance criterion, linear optimal control problem is reformulated to incorporate constraints on trajectory sensitivity. The open-loop solution is obtained for sensitivity functions defined for small plant-parameter variations. This approach has provided a beginning for other attempts to solve the low-sensitivity analytical design problem, as reported in the references.     

Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

风扇/增压级动平衡工装最佳支承跨距计算方法

某型航空发动机风扇增压级平衡工装采用悬臂支承结构,其支承跨距是该平衡工装的重要设计参数。针对该平衡工装的结构特点建立了最佳支承跨距的理论分析模型,给出了最佳支承跨距计算的解析表达式,并通过数值计算对最佳支承跨距进行了验证。结果表明:平衡工装最佳支承跨距的解析解与数值解一致,建立的最佳支承跨距计算方法可以为风扇增压级平衡工装的支承跨距的参数设计提供理论指导,提高平衡工装的平衡精度和平衡效果。     

Control Modes of Step Motors

The problem of maximizing the output torque of a step motor while satisfying power dissipation constraints is considered. Also, the optimal current which maximizes the output torque is derived. Several suboptimal controls are compared to the optimal one and their relative efficiency is evaluated. It is shown that the most common control mode is the least efficient from this viewpoint.     

飞行器控制系统的高精度计算方法

对于连续时间线性二次最优控制问题，在动力学方程和价值泛函的基础上，给出其全状态下的微分方程，进而将精细时程积分法引入上述问题，其优点为，放弃了传统的差分算法，使计算过程既简便又稳定；避免了Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ代数方程的求解；具有非常高的计算精度。通过对某飞行器控制系统的计算，充分说明了上述特色。     

绳系卫星轨道转移的最优控制

考虑系绳的弹性以及复杂状态和控制约束的作用,研究了绳系卫星面内轨道转移的最优控制问题。借助Gauss伪谱算法,将绳系卫星轨道转移的连续时间最优控制问题离散为大规模动态规划问题,进而利用非线性规划方法进行求解。通过数值模拟计算了子星最优转移轨道及最优控制力。结果表明:在满足相关约束的条件下,通过调节系绳张力可将子星从主星下方转移到上方的平衡位置,精确地实现子星轨道转移,并使得轨道转移过程呈现出良好的光滑性和对称性。最后基于协态映射定理对解的最优性进行了验证。     

Suboptimal Control of Satellite Momenta in a Noisy Environment

The body rate dynamics of a spin-stabilized satellite are perturbed by white noise. We consider the optimal control of body rates and fuel consumption. The corresponding deterministic problem is solved using calculus of variation. The stochastic problem is then solved to obtain a suboptimal controller in closed form.     

中国台湾多种外币最佳存量控制研究

外汇交易银行的外币抛补策略,是根据各外汇交易银行的外币买、卖汇单形成的长、短头寸及最佳持有头寸来决定抛补动作的。当外币存量呈现短头寸或偏离最佳持有头寸时,外汇交易银行将透过外币的买汇单进行补货,使其回归最佳持有头寸。因此,在修改Ha-midi和Bell构建的单一货币存量模式基础,并选取台湾某商业银行一地区性分行为研究对象,建构在存货总成本最小考虑下的最佳外汇存量模型,以解决外汇交易银行多种外币的最佳采购量问题。另外,以ARMA-GARCH模型来进行外币汇率的预测,以更合理地衡量以台币(新台币)为准的外币持有总量。最后,以Evolver 4.0软件包,进行基因算法(Genetic Algorithm)的运算,在最小存量总成本的考虑下,求出此存量模型的最佳采购量。     

多操纵面优化控制分配新方法

针对直接分配算法不具备优化能力的问题,提出了一种基于可达集的多操纵面控制量优化分配的新方法.简要描述了飞行控制中多操纵面的受限控制分配问题,以实际和期望的伪指令偏差最小为优化目标,将二次规划问题转化成空间中多维向量的简单运算,避免了二次规划在整个可达集中进行的复杂搜索.以某型飞机为仿真模型,对新方法与直接分配算法进行了对比仿真验证.仿真结果表明,该方法能使舵面在期望指令所指向的可达边界子集中得到最优的分配,且计算量小,实时性较好.     

一种基于模型的涡扇发动机容错控制策略

针对民用涡扇发动机,研究了一种基于模型的航空发动机容错控制策略.在发动机原有闭环控制系统的基础上,该策略对发动机各控制量进行容错控制修正,达到缓和甚至消除故障对控制系统影响的目的.针对民用涡扇发动机常见的高压压气机和高压涡轮性能退化故障,提出了以恢复发动机运行性能为目的的性能指标,通过遗传算法离线计算得到容错控制计划表,并利用插值计算实现在线容错控制.经仿真验证,该策略控制性能良好、实现简单.结果表明:在确保各温度限制不超标的情况下,受影响较大的增压级喘振裕度恢复至故障发生前的水平,同时风扇与高压压气机喘振裕度的降幅不超过5%,推力的降幅不超过3%.      

辅助驾驶员操纵的预见显示及预测控制

针对人具有预见、预测能力和驾驶员操纵品质要求,提出了辅助驾驶员操纵的预风显示及预测控制方案。应用预见控制技术对驾驶员最优控制模型,显示与控制协调性合成设计的预见加速显示进行了研究,建立了驾驶员跟踪目标信号的最优预见控制模型和基于系统状态的预见加速显示的人机预测控制结构。用非零和协调性动态规划法进行驾驶员－显示器－控制器的最优协调性合成设计。可减轻驾驶员的操纵负担,提高了飞行品质和主观评价。     

碟形飞行器复合控制系统的控制分配策略研究

碟形飞行器复合控制系统是一个高度非线性的多输入系统,通过对碟形飞行器所受合外力和力矩的分析并根据纵向运动假设得到碟形飞行器纵向运动简化方程,进行小偏差线性化得到纵向通道变质量矩/推力矢量复合控制线性化方程。针对两类执行机构如何协调控制这一难题,文章采用控制分配思想在结构上对碟形飞行器复合控制系统进行了优化,并分别采用了广义逆控制分配方法和基于二次规划的直接最优分配方法进行了仿真研究,结果表明控制分配方法能有效地协调两类执行机构的控制,并具有较强的鲁棒性。