人工神经网络在数模混合电路故障诊断中的应用

以某导弹测试设备功能模块电路的故障诊断为例,研究了神经网络方法在数模混合电路故障诊断中的应用,着重研究了基于仿真的故障模式获取方法及基于Matlab的网络训练方法。经过验证,该方法能够快速、准确地定位故障。     

红外成像设备输出图像十字线毛刺或扭曲故障问题技术归零研究

针对某型直升机红外成像设备输出图像十字线毛刺或扭曲问题,在视频处理电路原理分析的基础上,结合不同技术状态的电路板对比分析试验,进行故障排查定位,揭示了故障隐含于锁相电路和电路点像素时钟被干扰的真实原因,给出了消除毛刺或扭曲的解决办法和措施。     

某航空设备模拟电路故障状态分类器设计及仿真

采用传统故障诊断方法对复杂模拟电路进行故障诊断,存在诊断速度慢、故障点难以准确定位等缺点,为此提出基于神经网络理论的故障状态分类器设计方法,以某型飞机自动驾驶仪854C放大器为例,对故障状态分类器进行了分析设计和仿真研究.仿真结果显示:所设计的基于神经网络理论的故障状态分类器实现了对此类航空设备模拟电路故障的快速、准确和有效的识别与定位.     

DVOR引起的DME双机故障分析与处理

本文介绍一例由DVOR引起与之合装的DME故障检修过程，通过对类似特殊故障的分析、检测和观察，达到逐渐缩小故障范围的目的，总结设备故障检修中的经验。本文同时还介绍了ZD4080正达电路维修测试仅在设备硬件维修中的作用，以供维修人员参考。     

数字式漏电流保护电路的设计与应用

1保护电路的总体设计1．1数字式漏电流表烧坏的原因 分析数字式漏电流表加装保护电路这一问题很早就被重视。自设备安装至现在，保护电路已作了几次修改，传统观点认为数字式漏电流表的损坏是由于输入信号过高造成的，因而设备安装初期几乎所有数字式漏电流表都安装了限压保护电路，但使用过程中发现这种办法无济于事，以后又加装了限流保护电路，效果仍不明显。     

一种基于具有回读功能锁存器的数字电路故障检测方法

电路故障诊断是提高电子设备可靠性的有效途径之一,数字电路故障诊断是电路故障诊断的重要组成部分。正确的故障检测是实现准确故障诊断的前提,本文介绍一种具有回读功能的锁存器,使用该芯片的数字电路故障诊断系统具有故障检测电路结构简单,系统资源开销小,故障诊断结果可信度高的特点。     

通用模拟示波器故障的分析与诊断

本文将通用模拟示波器电路分成五部分，总结和分析了每一部分电路故障可能引起的几种异常显示，给出了每一部分电路故障诊断方法及在相应电路中出现故障的常见器件，对有些故障与故障现象之间的因果关系做了进一步分析。     

同步发电机励磁功率单元中可控整流桥的故障工况研究

分析了三相全控桥式整流电路的各种故障工况,得出故障下触发角与输出励磁电压之间的定量关系,并提出了相应的解决措施。通过对MATLAB/Simulink搭建的同步发电机励磁功率单元模型进行仿真,结果表明,所提措施能有效减轻故障对系统的不利影响,在脉冲丢失时,可以为备用设备切换赢得时间;晶闸管发生故障时,有利于调控发电机平稳退出运行以避免产生稳定性问题。     

某引进型红外导引头跟踪平台控制组件电路原理分析

跟踪平台控制组件是某引进型空空导弹导引头的重要组成部分,由于没有参数指标及测试设备,一直制约该型导弹导引头舱的修理。为解决此技术瓶颈,对该分组件进行电路测绘,分析电路原理,理清工作过程,为后续测试参数技术指标确定及测试平台搭建提供了技术支持。同时,通过对电路原理的分析,为现场故障修理工作提供了理论指导。     

某型飞机消极干扰装置故障分析

消极干扰设备以自动控制方式投放干扰弹来保护本机免受敌方导弹的攻击。一架飞机在进行干扰装置通电过程中,当执行"红外齐射"置于4位置进行投放时,对应的指示灯不熄灭。本文分析了消极干扰设备各部件的功能以及电路工作原理,通过研究故障现象以及部件和整机线路的排查,最终找到了故障点,为类似故障的排故工作提供了参考。     

停声不停光的八路上下越限故障报警电路

本文介绍的停声不停光的八路上下越限故障报警电路。是通过5G8243扩展接口芯片和D触发器的开关作用实现的。该电路结构简单、紧凑，易于维修、更换。同时，为了便于理解该电路的硬件原理图，又对5G8243扩展接口芯片的使用作了详细的介绍和对D触发器的停声不停光的开关作用也作了必要的说明。     

Power line transmission and radiation

A power line system consisting of multi-conductors above the ground is decomposed into a metal return (or balanced) and a ground return (unbalanced) circuit in terms of propagation modes. Power line radiation above the ground is sorted into two classes, transition radiation from discontinuities which takes place from a line of finite length and ?erenkov-like radiation from a ground return or unbalanced circuit due to the Earth's finite conductivity and dielectric properties. ?erenkov-like radiation is thought to be predominant and to be a main source origin of power line radiation and, therefore, is specifically discussed in this paper. The problem is reduced simply to wave propagation along an infinite wire above the ground, without taking into account line discontinuities and ionospheric effects. It is shown that a TEM-type wave of a ground return circuit at low frequencies virtually transfers to the principal TM wave of a surface waveguide at high frequencies, via a hybrid EH-type wave in an intermediate range of frequencies, i.e., ‘transition region’ with increasing frequency. Consequently, the attenuation characteristics of wave propagation, which should include radiation losses as well as ohmic losses in the wire and in the ground, possess a maximum and minimum at certain frequencies in the transition region. This is due to two reasons: one is that the Earth transfers to a dielectric from a conductor and the other is that the field concentrates more densely around the wire with increasing frequency. Experimental evidence of this phenomenon is also given.     

Analysis of Some Modified Cell-Averaging CFAR Processors in Multiple-Target Situations

A serious degradation of detection probability (Pd) in a cellaverging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) detector is known to be caused by the presence of an interfering target in the set of reference cells. A technique which is often used to prevent excessive false alarms at clutter ?edges? is a ?greatest of? (GO) selection between the leading and lagging sets of cells (GO-CFAR). However, it is demonstrated for a Rayleigh target that the abovementioned suppression effect is more acute in the GO-CFAR. Practically, detection of closely separated targets is almost inhibited. Selection of the ?smallest of? (SO) the means for the adaptive threshold has been proposed to alleviate this problem. An analytic expression for Pd of this detector is also derived, and it is shown that though it does prevent the suppression effect, a large sensitivity loss is introduced unless the number of reference cells is sufficiently large. A modified CO-CFAR detector, combining a ?censoring? circuit, is proposed for automatic detection in a complex nonhomogeneous environment.     

Inherent Overload Protection for the Series Resonant Converter

The overload characteristics of the full bridge series resonant power converter are considered. This includes analyses of the two most common control methods presently in use. The first of these uses a current zero crossing detector to synchronize the control signals and is referred to as the ? controller. The second is driven by a voltage controlled oscillator and is referred to as the ? controller. It is shown that the ? controller has certain reliability advantages in that it can be designed with inherent short circuit protection. Experimental results are included for an 86 kHz converter using power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).     

An Overview of Earth’s Global Electric Circuit and Atmospheric Conductivity

The Earth’s global atmospheric electric circuit depends on the upper and lower atmospheric boundaries formed by the ionosphere and the planetary surface. Thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds drive a DC current (～1 kA) around the circuit, with the current carried by molecular cluster ions; lightning phenomena drive the AC global circuit. The Earth’s near-surface conductivity ranges from 10^?7 S?m^?1 (for poorly conducting rocks) to 10^?2 S?m^?1 (for clay or wet limestone), with a mean value of 3.2 S?m^?1 for the ocean. Air conductivity inside a thundercloud, and in fair weather regions, depends on location (especially geomagnetic latitude), aerosol pollution and height, and varies from ～10^?14 S?m^?1 just above the surface to 10^?7 S?m^?1 in the ionosphere at ～80 km altitude. Ionospheric conductivity is a tensor quantity due to the geomagnetic field, and is determined by parameters such as electron density and electron–neutral particle collision frequency. In the current source regions, point discharge (coronal) currents play an important role below electrified clouds; the solar wind-magnetosphere dynamo and the unipolar dynamo due to the terrestrial rotating dipole moment also apply atmospheric potential differences. Detailed measurements made near the Earth’s surface show that Ohm’s law relates the vertical electric field and current density to air conductivity. Stratospheric balloon measurements launched from Antarctica confirm that the downward current density is ～1 pA m^?2 under fair weather conditions. Fortuitously, a Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) event arrived at Earth during one such balloon flight, changing the observed atmospheric conductivity and electric fields markedly. Recent modelling considers lightning discharge effects on the ionosphere’s electric potential (～+250 kV with respect to the Earth’s surface) and hence on the fair weather potential gradient (typically ～130 V?m^?1 close to the Earth’s surface. We conclude that cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharges make only a small contribution to the ionospheric potential, and that sprites (namely, upward lightning above energetic thunderstorms) only affect the global circuit in a miniscule way. We also investigate the effects of mesoscale convective systems on the global circuit.     

The Feasibility of Packaging High-Frequency Microcircuits Inside the Magnetic Core

A design goal for miniaturization has long been the elimination of the magnetic circuit. In practice, the size/weight penalties are decreased by operation at higher frequency where core size can be effectively reduced. When microcircuitry is considered, the magnetic circuit is designed out. Either RC or active networks replace inductance, or it is externally added to the microcircuit. This paper will demonstrate that the microcircuit elements can be readily interconnected inside of ferrite pot cores. Linear circuits using the magnetic circuit to advantage can be packaged in the same volume as the transformer, inductance, or filter alone. The natural RFI and radiation shielding, as well as heat transfer capabilities, are inherent with this form of packaging. For illustration, a 2-kV, 20-?A power supply featuring a 60-kHz, class C oscillator; a 10-volt, 100-mA converter featuring a 300-kHz square-wave oscillator; and a 9.5-volt, 100-mA switching regulator are packaged inside ferrite pot cores. With this technique only functional input-output connections are necessary, since the microcircuitry interconnections are inside the pot core.     

基于局部特征尺度分解及分形维数的模拟电路故障诊断方法

针对目前自适应时频分析方法在模拟电路故障诊断方向理论研究尚不完善、缺乏实践验证等方面的问题,采用改进LCD算法及分维理论相结合的方法进行理论研究及实物验证。对被测点所采集数据进行预处理后直接进行LCD分解并计算各分量分维数作为故障特征,输入神经网络进行故障诊断。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性;实物验证成功分类了2类电路状态,并阐明了分类结果杂散点较多的原因。     

速率陀螺马达电源振荡分析与消振设计

运算放大电路的稳定性仿真分析通常情况下选用运放理想模型即可,但当 运放驱动容性负载时, 理想模型对运放电路稳定性的仿真能力有限, 将导致仿真结果 与工程实际电路不一致。针对该问题, 对理想模型进行了改进, 建立了运放电路的交 流小信号模型, 该模型考虑了运放内阻和附加极点对电路稳定性的影响, 更适用于容 性负载运放电路稳定性分析。利用该模型对马达电源振荡现象进行了仿真分析, 确定 了振荡产生的原因, 并采取了双反馈消振措施, 仿真结果与工程实际电路一致, 解决 了马达电源寄生振荡问题。该模型与理想模型相比, 在解决容性负载运放电路稳定性 问题上更有效。     

一种用于惯性系统的刚挠背板设计方法

惯性系统是一种电路种类多、电信号复杂的电子产品,电路信号的品质直接决定整个产品的质量,背板对于各个功能电路的高密度信号互连关系着整个系统的性能。提出了背板设计方法,将惯性系统中电气系统的功能模块电路进行合理划分,确定立体化布局。为模块电路所需的二次电源进行集中分配,对于生成二次电源的总电源进行针对性的电磁滤波,实现惯性系统敏感器、执行机构和模块电路的刚挠电气连接。刚挠背板的设计不仅实现了功能电路的三维布局、电路网络的相互连接,还对信号的质量进行了针对性的优化设计。实践表明,该设计方法提升了电路的集成度,缩小了惯性系统的体积,同时还提高了产品的可靠性。