测控站点电磁兼容分析与预测技术研究

本文介绍了对测控站点内各测控设备的电磁干扰进行分析和预测的方法。系统采用干扰源与接收机逐对考虑的方式，极大简化了计算。并采用分阶段预测的方法，即分成：快速筛选、幅度筛选、频率筛选和详细预测四个阶段进行逐阶段分析和预测。     

雷达有源干扰信号对雷达侦察装备的影响

分析了有源干扰信号进入舰载雷达侦察机的条件;根据有源干扰信号特征,讨论了其对雷达侦察装备的影响机理;采用半实物仿真方法验证了压制干扰信号对雷达侦察装备的信号分选能力产生较为直接的影响。     

论未来军用雷达装备的数字化,软件化

随着雷达军事需求的更加广泛和迫切，未来雷达装备的有效性将越来越依赖于雷达信号处理机的性能，而不同功能和用途的雷达可以采用通用的雷达数字接收机，因此未来的雷达不仅是数字化的，而且将是软件雷达。本文引入了软件雷达的概念，分析了软件雷达的军事需求和关键技术，论述了实现软件雷达的工程可行性和发展前景，最后对我军雷达装备的发展提出了建议。     

以保障活动为中心的装备保障资源数量预测

根据保障资源在装备使用任务活动和装备保障活动中被消耗或占用的特点提出了以保障活动为中心的保障资源预测方法。以装备的运行活动为驱动,结合装备的可靠性、维修性和测试性等设计特性,建立装备使用任务与装备保障活动之间的关系,对保障活动的频度和时域特征进行抽象。根据保障资源使用特点进行分类,归纳了以保障活动为中心的装备保障资源预测的输入条件。从消耗性资源和占用性资源两个方面分别建立了保障资源需求量预测模型,可以在一个特定阶段内对保障站点内的装备群保障资源平均需求量进行预测,并用飞机装备进行了案例验证,可为研制部门进行保障资源数量预测提供有效的理论和技术支持。     

一种超宽带雷达信号模拟器的设计

为满足雷达装备不断增长的保障需求,研制了一套便携式雷达装备检测系统,该检测系统的核心组成部分是超宽带雷达信号模拟器。模拟器采用低频段基带信号与高频段本振信号2次混频来模拟产生0.05~16 GHz范围内多种体制的雷达信号,最后完成了电路实现,经过信号测试各项指标均达到设计要求。     

基于PSO_LS-SVM的装备研制费用预测研究

在简要介绍了粒子群优化算法基本原理的基础上,建立了基于POS_LS-SVM的装备研制费用预测模型,并应用实例进行了验证。结果表明,采用PSO_LS-SVM方法进行装备研制费用预测,得到的预测结果精度更高、计算速度更快。     

基于BP神经网络的雷达装备维修质量评估研究

通过对雷达装备维修质量影响因素和众多参数进行分析权衡,建立了装备修后维修质量评估指标体系,鉴于评价体系包含许多复杂的不确定性因素,为衡量其对维修质量的影响程度,弥补传统评估方法的不足,构建了基于BP神经网络的雷达装备修后维修质量评估模型,并通过实例验证了模型的科学性、合理性和公正性。     

基于雷达航迹的航空器质量估算

为保障基于轨迹运行的顺利实施,必须提高四维航迹预测的精度,而四维航迹的精准预测依赖于航空器质量准确估算。鉴于此,构建并分析了航空器能量模型;基于雷达航迹与航空器基础资料( BADA),提出了新型的航空器质量估算方法与步骤;利用最小二乘算法求解了航空器质量的估计值;分别基于预测航迹、雷达轨迹与QAR数据,采用相对误差作为评价指标,实施验证与分析。验证结果表明,提出的方法可将航空器质量估算误差控制在5%以内,从而能够有效地提高航迹预测精度。     

基于灰色理论的导弹装备故障间隔时间预测

导弹装备的故障间隔时间是其可靠性参数的重要指标,通过分析导弹装备的特点,建立了故障间隔时间预测模型.考虑到导弹装备的故障数据量有限,用一般方法准确地预测很困难,因此提出用灰色预测模型进行预测的方法,建立了GM(1,1)预测模型并用数据进行验证.验证结果表明该方法具有很好的预测精度,可用于装备故障间隔时间的预测和估算.     

基于CBR的机载雷达故障诊断专家系统研究

以故障诊断的理论和方法为基础，综合运用神经网络、基于案例推理(CBR)和专家系统理论，对雷达装备的故障诊断问题进行研究，形成一个集成的智能诊断专家系统。介绍了系统的总体结构和工作原理，并给出具体的诊断实例，此方法充分利用神经网络和CBR的优点，将提高雷达装备故障诊断的正确性和效率。     

舰载反导的电子干扰实现

从反舰导弹的威胁分析入手,介绍了舰载反导电子干扰的主要方法与仿真系统结构,详细介绍了一种舰载干扰投放器的模拟实现。     

Jamming Susceptibility

Generalized equations are developed to evaluate the effects of interference upon communications systems. Interference may be due to natural causes and accidental or sophisticated jamming. One- and two-way communication systems are considered. The equations are applicable to near and deep space communication links as well as radar in both friendly and unfriendly environments. Both mainlobe and sidelobe reception and collocated and diversely located interference and signal sources may be analyzed. A practical discussion for each of the variables, as well as a sample solution, is included.     

基于CFD的电磁散射数值模拟

计算流体力学(CFD)技术中的时域有限体积法(FVTD)被推广到计算电磁学中,直接数值求解时变麦克斯韦方程组.FVTD使用电磁场矢量共置于网格单元中心、散射场积分形式的麦克斯韦方程组守恒形,空间离散使用基于特征值的近似黎曼解构建网格单元边界通量,时间推进采用四阶龙格-库塔法.TM和TE波极化下几种二维完全导电体的表面诱导电流密度和雷达散射截面(RCS)计算验证表明,时域有限体积法是一种高精度有效的时域方法.     

Performance analysis of radar antenna systems

If modern airborne radar systems are to function properly, the radar antenna radiation patterns must meet certain specifications. Until recently, most radar antennas were designed and tested in a clean antenna environment, i.e., there is no near field scattering from host structures or radome effects. However, these higher order effects are the matter of increasing concern with added performance demands in the ever-increasing jammer and clutter interference environments. We investigated the capabilities and limitations of currently available analysis techniques and computer codes for installed performance of airborne radar antenna systems. Then we developed an extended ray-optical technique that could predict total installed performance of airborne radar antenna systems, i.e., the near field scattering from aircraft structures and radome effects. The new analysis technique utilized a ray-tracing method in both airframe and radome simulation. Thus, it can efficiently predict the total installed performance of large radar antenna systems on an aircraft structure     

航迹规划中雷达探测空间的生成

从飞机突防习行任务规划出发，综合考虑地球曲率、陆地（或海洋）的反射和杂波干扰、大气折射和吸收损耗等因素的影响，采用临界散射截面法生成了对空警戒雷达在不同地貌、发现概率下，对不同雷达散射截面的目标的探测空间。计算并分析了飞行高度、目标雷达散射截面、发现概率和地貌等因素对雷达探测空间的影响，以便选择低探测概率的飞行走廓，这对制定和实施安全突防飞行策略有实际意义。     

Rotating Blades Radio Interference in a Helicopter-Borne CW Doppler Radar

Radio interference generated in a helicopter-borne continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar system due to the rotating blades is analyzed. This problem has been previously treated for the case of pulse Doppler radar systems with very narrow (near zero) beamwidth. In this case the strong interference component returning directly from the blades (with no ground reflection) need not be considered as it reaches the receiver when it is still blinded. In the case of a CW Doppler radar, however, this interference component must be included. Numerical calculations show that the total blade interference power level, dominated by the direct component, is higher than that of the direct ground clutter in the radar clutter region. It decreases approximately as (f - fo)-4 in the radar clear region. It stays, however, well above the thermal noise level which might cause false alarm and degrade the radar performance.     

一种电推力器用小推力测量系统

为了精确测量小功率电推力器的小推力，从理论上提出了一种小推力测量的方法，即利用电磁反馈补偿方法使推力测量天平工作在随遇平衡状态（或接近于随遇平衡状态），消除气路和电路连接的影响。电磁力反馈补偿推力器产生的和。通过对电弧加热等离子体推力器（Arcjet）的热实验，测量装置测量了不同工况下的推力值。实验证明此测量方法可准确测得电推力器工作的小推力。     

A Sequential Detector

The PRSD detector improves radar performance by controlling the distribution of energy in space, thus making a radar adaptive to its environment. An increase in performance over classical detectors may be realized in any of several ways: 1) greater maximum range; 2) smaller minimum detectable targets; 3) higher data rates; 4) lower average transmitted power, which allows smaller size and weight of equipment. The model of the PRSD detector described herein was tested with a semi-agile beam radar, and gave measured field performance improvement (for this particular radar) equivalent to an S/N increase ranging from 5 to 22 dB with a mean of 9.5 dB. This increase is greater than the 5-dB improvement predicted for the system in a white noise environment because many of the field tests were at locations subjected to heavy interference. The PRSD detector was extremely effective reducing the interference. In this paper, we will briefly review the theory of operation, describe the equipment and the method of test, and present experimental data. The data presented here are essential to a complete understanding of sequential detection since a rigorous theory encompassing multiple range bin radar has not been developed at this time. Finally, an extensive bibliography is appended.     

Robust adaptive beamforming for HF surface wave over-the-horizon radar

Adaptive beamforming is used to enhance the detection of target echoes received by high frequency (HF) surface wave (HFSW) over-the-horizon (OTH) radars in the presence of spatially structured interference. External interference from natural and man-made sources typically masks the entire range-Doppler search space and is characterized by a spatial covariance matrix that is time-varying or nonstationary over the coherent processing interval (CPI). Adaptive beamformers that update the spatial filtering weight vector within the CPI are likely to suppress such interference most effectively, but the intra-CPI antenna pattern fluctuations result in temporal decorrelation of the clutter which severely degrades subclutter visibility after Doppler processing. A robust adaptive beamformer that effectively suppresses spatially nonstationary interference without degrading subclutter visibility is proposed here. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and suitable for practical implementation. Its operational performance is evaluated using experimental data recorded by the Iluka HFSW OTH radar, located near Darwin in far north Australia.     

气动与隐身性能计算精度对飞行器设计的影响

将计算精度高的流场和电磁场求解算法引入到飞行器外形多目标优化设计中,研究了气动特性和雷达散射截面算法计算精度对外形设计结果的影响.以无人机外形气动与隐身一体化设计为例的研究结果表明,低精度优化设计的外形在实际应用中难以获得预期的性能,采用高精度计算模型的优化设计可以获得性能更优的外形.