俯仰跟踪任务中的驾驶员神经网络模型辨识

 在飞机设计中,应用驾驶员数学模型预测飞机飞行品质是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一。为了提高飞行品质的预测精度,采用人工神经网络(NN)方法进行驾驶员模型辨识,着重研究该模型对不同飞机被控对象的适应能力。首先,详细分析了驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务的操纵行为特点,提出适用于该驾驶员行为描述的神经网络模型结构形式。然后,根据对不同被控对象进行俯仰跟踪实时仿真实验的结果,对神经网络模型参数进行识别。最后,对模型辨识结果进行了精度评价。研究结果表明,该辨识方法适用于研究具有不同增益、不同短周期振荡频率飞机被控对象的驾驶员操纵行为特性。     

To a problem of aircraft control system design with given dynamic parameters

In the design of an aircraft at the stage of selecting its geometrical parameters, a method is proposed for evaluating the performance capabilities of manual control to ensure the quality of a given flight stabilization mode. The attainability of the given aircraft-pilot dynamic properties is evaluated by a frequency-domain method for permissible values of the aircraft and the pilot model parameters. The quality of the manual control for the longitudinal motion of the aircraft is evaluated.     

飞机力提示智能侧杆控制器设计方法

与传统侧杆控制器的作用不同,带力提示的智能侧杆控制器的附加功能是减缓和预防飞机在故障或边界状态下的人机不良耦合,以提高飞行安全性。飞机在故障或边界状态下,具有明显的飞行动力学特性突变的特点,飞机动力学特性突变会引起驾驶员操纵策略的变化。针对这些特点,研究其侧杆控制器设计的理论方法。通过分析飞机动力学特性突变引起的系统时变非线性及其在力提示下的驾驶员行为特点,建立了智能侧杆引导的人机系统模型。在此基础上,基于时变系统的频谱分析和人机系统的品质评价准则,提出了带力提示的智能侧杆控制器设计方法,并给出了详细的设计步骤。通过对飞机故障状态下的仿真,解释了力提示智能侧杆控制器减缓人机不良耦合的机理。仿真结果表明智能侧杆控制器在提高驾驶员控制精度的同时,减缓了人机不良耦合的趋势,从而验证了提出的设计方法的可行性和有效性。     

计算机辅助飞机总体方案设计系统设计对象模型与设计过程模型

介绍计算机辅助设计系统的概念及基本要求,以及计算机辅助飞机总体方案设计系统的特点与要求。模型问题是建立系统的首要问题,根据设计理论的概念,建立了设计对象模型及设计过程模型。设计对象模型用于综合所有设计工具;设计过程模型用于描述设计过程与设计活动。通过飞机总体参数选择阶段系统的开发,说明所建立的模型是正确的、有效的。     

Computational prediction of airfoil dynamic stall

The term dynamic stall refers to unsteady flow separation occurring on aerodynamic bodies, such as airfoils and wings, which execute an unsteady motion. The prediction of dynamic stall is important for flight vehicle, turbomachinery, and wind turbine applications. Due to the complicated flow physics of the dynamic stall phenomenon the industry has been forced to use empirical methods for its prediction. However, recent progress in computational methods and the tremendous increase in computing power has made possible the use of the full fluid dynamic governing equations for dynamic stall investigation and prediction in the design process. It is the objective of this review to present the major approaches and results obtained in recent years and to point out existing deficiencies and possibilities for improvements. To this end, potential flow, boundary layer, viscous–inviscid interaction, and Navier–Stokes methods are described. The most commonly used numerical schemes for their solution are briefly described. Turbulence models used for the computation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows, which are of primary interest to industry, are presented. The impact of transition from laminar to turbulent flow on the dynamic stall phenomenon is discussed and currently available methods for its prediction are summarized. The main computational results obtained for airfoil and wing dynamic stall and comparisons with available experimental measurements are presented. The review concludes with a discussion of existing deficiencies and possibilities for future improvements.     

计算机辅助可靠性设计分析系统研究

介绍了以可靠性设计分析工作流程为主线,以可靠性数据库为核心,全面支持可靠性要求制定 (定性和定量要求 )、可靠性设计分析和可靠性设计分析咨询等工作,及与传统专业软件综合应用的计算机辅助可靠性设计分析软件系统。详细论述了该系统的功能和软件结构;软件支持的可靠性设计分析功能流程;与EDA、热分析等传统专业软件综合应用进行可靠性预计、FMEA等关键技术,及软件的特点。     

DFBW飞机人-机闭环纵向着陆特性研究

本文根据试飞员的飞行体会和一组试飞曲线,提出驾驶员参数随着着陆过程变化的频率域模型,建立装有DFBW飞机的人-机闭环系统数学模型,编制非线性全量时域仿真程序,对纵向着陆过程动态作了全面的定量分析,其结果与装有MCS飞机的试飞情况吻合,验证了本文建模、程序可信度和精度,从而得出某DFBW飞机着陆特性是可被驾驶员接受的一些有益结论。     

战伤诊断与修复计算机辅助系统

概述了战伤诊断与修复的基本情况,对战伤诊断和修复的过程进行了简要说明,定义了战伤诊断与修复计算机辅助系统,同时利用关系型数据库语言Vc 6.0编写了战伤诊断与修复计算机辅助系统应用软件,介绍了战伤诊断与修复计算机辅助系统应用软件的功能及使用方法。为说明计算机辅助系统应用软件的实际过程,文章最后针对某型飞机一种典型的战伤情况,利用本文介绍的战伤诊断与修复计算机辅助系统对某型战斗机进行了战伤诊断与修复分析。     

低压涡轮叶栅流动中转捩模型的校验及改进

为评估并提高现有转捩模型的预测精度,采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT 12.1,选取层流模型、全湍流模型、剪切应力输运(SST)低雷诺数模型、k-kl-ω模型以及γ-Reθ模型对低压涡轮叶栅T106-EIZ进行数值模拟,通过与实验数据的对比校验了后3种模型对于转捩以及相关参数的模拟能力,并对结果以及模型的作用机理进行分析,校验结果表明所有模型都不能准确地预测分离流转捩以及尾迹诱导转捩.选取预测效果较好的γ-Reθ模型进行了修正,提出通过修改间歇因子输运方程中的参数Ca1和Ca2的方法来修正该模型,结果表明该方法可以提高模拟精度.     

DESIGN OBJECT MODEL AND DESIGN PROCESS MODEL OF COMPUTER AIDED AIRCRAFT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN SYSTEM

ＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＢＪＥＣＴＭＯＤＥＬＡＮＤＤＥＳＩＧＮＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＡＩＤＥＤＡＩＲＣＲＡＦＴＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＵＡＬＤＥＳＩＧＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＳｈｅｎＺｈａｎｇ（ＡｉｒｃｒａｆｔＣＡＤＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎ...     

俯仰轴飞行品质的PIO准则计算

由于新技术的采用,现代飞机出现驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)现象大大增加,因此PIO已成为危及飞行安全的主要因素之一。介绍了MIL—STD—1797A规范中的PIO预测准则和美国“人机耦合对飞行安全影响委员会”提出的准则,论述了这些准则要求的背景、机理和计算方法,最后以某机为例进行了PIO预测计算和分析。     

两相紊流燃烧过程的数值计算

 本文描写了作者发展的两相紊流燃烧理论及数值方法;简介了作者自编的计算机程序GEMCHIP;提供了将本方法应用于几种燃烧室流动的计算结果。     

固体火箭发动机的CAD和CAM设想

提出固体火箭发动机领域计算机辅助设计和计算辅助制造的流程图，并认为结构装药设计的性能预示和热防护计算是发动机理论和结构设计的中心内容，计算机制图是设计思想的最终表达。性能预示的核心是考虑燃烧和流动相互作用的工作过程的数值模拟，热防护设计的核心是烧蚀，传热和强度计算。ＣＡＤ和ＣＡＭ系统应当随时吸收新的研究成果，高水平的核心研究成果，对固体火箭发动机性能预示的准确度和理论设计水平的提高具有重要作用。     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

结构驾驶员模型与McRuer模型的仿真研究

根据驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪的人－机半物理实时仿真实验，分别对结构驾驶员模型和ＭｃＲｕｅｒ模型者了参数辨识，用两种模型和某电传操纵飞机纵向短周期等效系统模型构成人－机数值仿真系统，将模型仿真结果和实时仿真结果进行比较和分析，以便了解两种模型的特性，为深入研究闭环飞行品质提供参考依据。     

On-line diagnostics of a self-contained flight actuator

A mathematical model describing the dynamics of a self-contained flight control actuator is established. Typical failures of the actuator are defined in the space of the model parameters in the form of a failure pattern library. A diagnostic model of the actuator, intentionally sensitive to particular failures, is defined. A diagnostic procedure, featuring on-line parameter estimation of the diagnostic model, failure detection, and isolation, is proposed. A failure prediction procedure, utilizing trends exhibited by parameter estimates, is formulated. The results are verified by computer simulation     

一种参数化轻量化涡轮盘结构的CAD/CAE集成方法

针对一种轻量化涡轮盘结构的特点,分析了参数化CAD/CAE集成过程的文件与输入参数的关联性.编写C/C++程序,利用UG/OPEN API实现参数化建模,通过修改脚本并基于单向流固耦合算法有序调用CAE软件执行脚本的方式实现关联文件与输入参数关联,从而实现参数化涡轮盘CAD/CAE过程自动集成.程序运行效果显示,相比人工执行同样的一次CAD/CAE流程,该方法至少要快54min,说明了该方法有效提高了轻量化涡轮盘的设计分析效率.      

神经网络模型在TDNS准则中的应用研究

时域Neal-Smith（TDNS）准则源于频域Neal-Smith（FDNS）准则和阶跃目标跟踪准则,被广泛应用于纵向驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）趋势的预测研究。在该准则采用的人机闭环系统中,广泛运用结构简单且能反映飞行员基本行为特征的拟线性驾驶员模型。但在实际情况中,驾驶员的行为通常具有高度的非线性,为了更精确地描述驾驶员的非线性特性,采用神经网络方法建立驾驶员模型。利用某机的试飞数据对神经网络进行了训练和测试,生成了神经网络模型。针对TDNS预测准则,建立了相应的仿真模型,通过仿真运算,得到了该飞机的P10预测结果。研究表明：相对于传统的驾驶员模型,神经网络模型能够更好与真实驾驶员相匹配;在TDNS评估准则中运用神经网络模型具有实际的意义。     

Prediction of nonlinear pilot-induced oscillation using an intelligent human pilot model

This paper proposes a method to predict nonlinear Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) using an intelligent human pilot model. This method is based on a scalogram-based PIO metric, which uses wavelet transforms to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of a time-varying system. The intelligent human pilot model includes three modules: perception module, decision and adaptive module, and execution module. Intelligent and adaptive features, including a neural network receptor, fuzzy decision and adaptation, are also introduced into the human pilot model to describe the behavior of the human pilot accommodating the nonlinear events. Furthermore, an algorithm is proposed to describe the procedure of the PIO prediction method with nonlinear evaluation cases. The prediction results obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the assessments of flight test data to validate the utility of the method. The flight test data were generated in the evaluation of the Smart-Cue/Smart-Gain, which is capable of reducing the PIO tendencies considerably. The results show that the method can be applied to predict the nonlinear PIO events by human pilot model simulation.     

A model of air traffic controllers' conflict detection and conflict resolution

A model of the mental activities of en route controllers in air traffic control (ATC) is outlined. As an example of the psychological research rendering the basis for this model, the methods and results of an experiment with experienced controllers is sketched which is concerned with conflict detection in ATC. Further, a procedure for conflict resolution is described, supplementing the general model. This procedure is designed to be transformed into a computer based assisting system in ATC. Problems and functions of operator models in the development of new technologies in air traffic management are discussed.