论自动相关监视的实施

一、概述在国际民航新的通信、导航、监视和空中交通管理（NEWCNS／ATM方案中,其新的监视系统主要是指通过实施自动相关监视（ADS）功能来实现对飞机的监视和指挥。它是一项空中交通管制应用,因此,自动相关监视的实施,是以ADS为基础的ATC（ADS－AT）系统,即具有相应的自动化设备和通信设备并依靠不断刷新的ADS信息来提供飞行监视的空中交通管制系统。根据各个国家空域结构的不同和民用航空飞行量的增加,特别是在海洋空域内,为满足增加飞行容量和缩小飞行间隔的需要,一些国家已经实施ADS管制服务。我国虽然没有较大的海…     

ADS-B监视技术在空中交通服务中的应用研究

直升飞机已成为渤海湾石油开采船（平）台运输人员和补充供给的主要交通工具。近几年,在渤海湾低空空域出现了多次潜在飞行冲突。ICAO推荐的新监视系统将在航空监视领域产生根本性变革,ADS—B是解决非雷达空域监视问题的好办法。依据渤海湾地区地理特征和目前石油开采船（平）台的分布,提出在渤海湾地区应用UAT方式的ADS—B系统建议,提出了四站式和两站式ADS—B系统地面站建设方案。     

中国民航应优先发展ADS-B应用技术

提高空中交通管理监视能力、加强航空企业对飞行运行的监视、改善航空器协同避撞性能,这是“十一五”期间我国航空运输业加快发展必须面对的问题。新一代ADS-B航行监视技术,为解决这些问题提供了有效的手段。因此,“十一五”期间——自动相关监视(ADS)技术,是基于卫星定位和地/空数据链通信的航空器运行监视技术。最初,ADS技术是为越洋飞行的航空器在无法进行雷达监视的情况下,希望利用卫星实施监视所提出的解决方案。在ADS概念下衍生的ADS-B——“广播式自动相关监视”技术,不仅成功应用于无雷达地区的远程航空器运行监视,而且与传…     

浅谈空管监视系统

ICAO（国际民航组织）对CNS／ATM监视系统的发展主要是二次雷达监视（SSR）和自动相关监视（ADS）．其中．SSR主要用在高流量的陆地区域．ADS主要用在海洋及边远陆地区域，并可在高流量陆地区域用作SSR的补充。目前，哈尔滨空管监视系统使用的是PsR、SSR．ADS三种监视手段．更有效地保证了哈尔滨管制区的飞行安全．区域管制室使用ADS系统对比美航路（G212）、板地4航路（A588）的飞机进行监视．起到了全程跟踪、管制的作用．作者根据现场的使用情况浅谈空管监视系统的作用．     

ADS系统最小位置报告率研究

AnAnalysisoftheMinimalReportRateinADS一、简介自动相关监视（ADS）系统作为空中交通管制系统中的一种新的监视手段,受到各国普遍重视。自动相关监视（ADS）系统由空地数据链、导航数据源和先进的地面数据处理和显示系统组成。机载导航设备获得的信息佳少包括飞机识别和四维位置信息）,以适当的位置报告率通过地空数据链传送到地面,在自动相关监视终端上形成空中交通信息,为管制员提供伪雷达显示。ADS系统可以为飞行在雷达覆盖区以外,特别是海洋和荒漠空域的飞机提供监视手段;能够及时检测到航路点引入差错和ATC环路差错;…     

首都机场自动相关监视飞行试验

利用自动相关监视(ADS)数据对空域内的飞机实施监视和管制,是未来新航行系统(FAN)及有效的空中交通管理(ATM)的一项重要技术内容。为了解国际上这一领域研究的进展情况,探讨适应于中国国情的空中交通管制技术和保证手段,提高对使用ADS、VHF、卫星通信及区域管制中心自动化系统的认识,寻求向新航行系统过渡的实施方案和方法,中国民航总局空管局曾在去年3～1O月,在首都机场组织进行了自动相关监视演示飞行试验。除空管局外,民航华北空管局、中国国际航空公司、美波音公司、联合航空公司、雷神公司及     

1090ES广播式自动相关监视系统的CPR算法

在1090ES广播式自动相关监视（ADS—B）系统中,为了对飞机的位置消息进行有效编码,经度和纬度采用简洁位置报告（CPR）的形式。介绍了CPR编解码算法的基本原理,详细描述了1090ESADS—B系统中经度和纬度消息的CPR编解码方法,给出了全球位置和本地位置的编解码算法和实现步骤。     

对ADS-B信号进行飞行校验的必要性及校验方法

<正>本文就ADS—B进行技术分析介绍,从技术和安全保障方面探讨对ADS—B进行飞行校验的必要性。同时研究了采用什么样的手段进行飞行校验,校验的科目和具体要求。由于民航对安全要求的不断提高,在空中交通领域出现了几种新技术,用于空域监视。ADS-B(广播式自动相关监视)就是其中之一,可用来监视所有的商业飞机和大多数的通用飞机的空中交通运输。作为未来主要的航空监视手段之一,ADS-B已     

先进航空通信系统的飞行试验技术

介绍了几种先进的航空通信系统,详细阐述了航空超短波抗干扰通信系统、航空短波自适应通信系统、航空数据传输系统、航空卫星通信系统及航空光通信系统的飞行试验技术。     

民航监视系统的集成和数据融合

一、前言新航行系统中空中交通管理（ATM）系统正常运用的首要条件是对所管理的空域实施有效的监视。随着监视雷达的合理分布和数量增加，自动相关监视（ADS）系统的逐步应用，可实现所需监视空域的覆盖。由于网络的互连可使独立的各监视传感器集成为一个综合监视系统。综合监视系统是由多传感器组成，因而传统的信息处理模式将不适应综合监视系统的需要，刮用数据融合技术可以实现多传感器多种数据源的信息处理。二、监视系统的集成目前监视系统有一次监现雷达（PSR）、二次监视雷达（SSR）和新航行系统中的自动相关监视（ADS）、广…     

6G service-oriented space-air-ground integrated network: A survey

As an indispensable component of the emerging 6G networks, Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGINs) are envisioned to provide ubiquitous network connectivity and services by integrating satellite networks, aerial networks, and terrestrial networks. In 6G SAGINs, a wide variety of network services with the features of diverse requirements, complex mobility, and multi-dimensional resources will pose great challenges to service provisioning, which urges the development of service-oriented SAGINs. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of 6G SAGINs from a new perspective of service-oriented network. First, we present the requirements of service-oriented networks, and then propose a service-oriented SAGINs management architecture. Two categories of critical technologies are presented and discussed, i.e., heterogeneous resource orchestration technologies and the cloud-edge synergy technologies, which facilitate the interoperability of different network segments and cooperatively orchestrate heterogeneous resources across different domains, according to the service features and requirements. In addition, the potential future research directions are also presented and discussed.     

基于改进的粒子群优化算法的无人作战飞机航路规划

事先针对敌方防御区内的威胁部署和目标的分布情况,对无人作战飞机的飞行航路进行整体规划设计,可以综合减小被敌方发现和反击的可能性、降低耗油量,从而显著提高UCAV执行对地攻击(或侦察)任务的成功率.在对粒子群优化技术研究的基础上,将一种用于解决TSP的PSO算法加以改进,引入模拟退火的策略思想,借以克服PSO算法易陷局部最优的早熟现象,并在UCAV航路规划中加以运用.仿真实验表明,该算法简易而有效,用其优化出的航路能够满足UCAV飞行任务规划的需要.     

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

复杂曲面边界槽五座标数控加工的刀位计算

以两种较简单的加工──交线及底曲面的刀位计算结果产生槽加工的刀位数据。提出了刀具位置边界槽及基于边界槽的刀位计算方法。该算法中刀心位置由底面加工的刀心轨迹相对边界槽裁剪而得;刀轴矢量由边界槽空间网格划分产生。提出并证明了用于获得无干涉的和均匀变化的刀轴矢量的空间网格划分的准则。本文算法可对带岛屿及复杂曲面边界的槽进行五座标数控加工的刀位计算。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

BDS接收机星间载波相位偏差

BDS(BeiDou satellite navigation System,北斗卫星导航系统)的MEO/IGSO (Medium Earth Orbit/Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit,中圆地球轨道/倾斜地球同步轨道)卫星在D1导航电文上调制了NH(Neumann-Hoffman,奈曼-霍夫曼)二次编码,而在GEO(Geostationary Earth Orbit,地球静止轨道)卫星上未使用.利用北斗MEO/IGSO和GEO卫星进行差分定位时,采用不同NH码符号映射规则的接收机之间会出现半周载波相位偏差的问题,严重影响RTK (Real-Time Kinematic,实时动态差分)应用.通过分析半周载波相位偏差的形成机理,从单差、双差、三差应用角度分别研究了半周载波相位偏差的影响.分析结果表明,接收机NH码符号映射规则与卫星不一致时,接收机直接用乘法器对NH码解调将存在反相,也即引入了半周载波相位偏差;在满足特定条件下,单差和双差应用时会存在半周载波相位偏差的问题;三差应用时不存在半周载波相位偏差的问题.最后,提出了需在北斗接口控制文件中明确卫星NH码调制或映射规则的修订建议.     

基于反馈线性化的双馈风电机组次同步控制相互作用抑制策略

大规模风电经固定串补线路送出时,由于变流器与固定串补之间的相互作用,使双馈风电机组(DFIG)可能会存在一种新的次同步谐振(SSR)问题,称为次同步控制相互作用(SSCI)。提出反馈线性化控制策略,并将之应用于DFIG转子侧变流器和网侧变流器控制回路以抑制SSCI。首先对系统的反馈线性化条件进行验证,再选取合适的坐标变换,在保证系统零动态稳定的前提下求得非线性状态反馈规律。在MATLAB/Simulink下的仿真结果表明:与参数已整定的比例积分控制策略相比,反馈线性化控制策略能够有效抑制SSCI,使DFIG在不同串补度和风速下都能保持稳定运行,且不影响DFIG的故障穿越能力。     

Workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization of coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robots for on-orbit services

The use of space robots (SRs) for on-orbit services (OOSs) has been a hot research topic in recent years. However, the space unstructured environment (i.e.: confined spaces, multiple obstacles, and strong radiation interference) has greatly restricted the application of SRs. The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot (CAP-MCDSR) has the characteristics of slim body, flexible movement, and electromechanical separation, which is very suitable for extreme space environments. However, the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging, due to the complex coupling among the active cables, passive cables, joints, and the end-effector. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a workspace, stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs. Firstly, the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint, cables and the end-effector are established. Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics, the improved coupled active–passive (CAP) dynamic equation is derived. Then, the maximum workspace, the maximum stiffness, and the minimum cable tension are resolved, among them, the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable. Furthermore, the workspace, the stiffness, and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method (NOPM). Finally, an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods. The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications, such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR, or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.     

微可压缩模型(SCM)与可压缩N-S方程数值计算对比研究

本文开展了微可压缩模型与可压缩N-S方程之间的对比研究.通过对层流平板边界层和椭球高雷诺数湍流绕流的数值模拟,比较了微可压缩模型和可压缩N-S方程之间的计算精度和效率.计算结果表明,微可压缩模型和可压缩N-S方程具有相同的计算精度,但是微可压缩模型具有更高的计算效率,内存和CPU时间都节省20%左右.     

CONSTANT AMPLITUDE FATIGUE STRENGTH AND P-S_a-S_m-N CAMBER FAMILY

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