Calibration of Precision Gimbaled Pointing Systems

Corrections of pointing data provided by gimbal readout transducers can be used to compensate for the errors that arise because of gimbal misalignments and inaccuracies in transducer readout. This paper reviews the sources of pointing error in precision gimbaled pointing systems and describes the techniques for determining them. In particular, a method of calibration that is suitable for systems in which constraints on gimbal travel preclude the use of conventional calibration procedures is presented, and the pointing readout accuracy that can be achieved by this method is evaluated.     

滚转弹两框架导引头的前馈补偿技术

针对弹体滚转情况下两框架平台式导引头的伺服控制问题,基于导引头运动学和动力学,建立了导引头稳定回路模型。结合弹体滚转条件下的导引头输入指令和输出视线角速率关系,构建了视线闭环回路。针对偏航、俯仰通道间的解耦控制问题,推导出解耦条件,要求两通道由失调角到光轴转动角速度的传递函数相同。仿真分析了该模型在视线角输入以及弹体姿态扰动输入时,弹体滚转对导引头跟踪精度产生的影响,并由此提出了滚转角速度前馈补偿控制方案。结果表明,采用结合滚转角前馈补偿控制的两框架平台式导引头方案可以满足滚转弹的制导精度要求。     

捷联制导旋转弹制导信息提取研究CSCD

以捷联式半主动激光导引头为研究对象,研究其应用在旋转弹上制导信息的提取方法。根据坐标转换关系得到旋转弹惯性系视线角解耦模型,由于导引头和速率陀螺仪具有测量误差特性,直接解耦得到的制导信息会产生较大的误差。基于视线角解耦模型的非线性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的方法对测量信息进行滤波处理,估计出目标的位置,从而得到捷联式半主动激光导引旋转弹的制导信息。将扩展卡尔曼滤波方法与α-β滤波方法进行对比分析,得到扩展卡尔曼滤波方法对捷联式半主动激光导引旋转弹制导信息的估计精度更高,收敛更快。     

直升机旋翼轴弯矩特征及应用

针对球柔性桨毂构型的直升机,分析了各支臂mΩ挥舞力动载、挥舞力静载不平衡量和摆振力动载、离心力动载、离心力静载不平衡量产生的旋翼轴弯矩的幅值、频率、相位和分布规律。对某直升机制定了飞行载荷测量方案,获取了测量数据,分析了旋翼轴弯矩的特征,建立了有效性判据,判别了无效数据,编制了实测载荷谱。某直升机的分析结果表明：在旋翼坐标系下旋翼轴动弯矩远大于静弯矩,旋翼各支臂挥舞力静载不平衡量和和离心力静载不平衡量较小;旋翼轴弯矩以1Ω载荷为主,主要由旋翼各支臂1Ω的挥舞力、摆振力和离心力产生;合成弯矩呈大小相等的旋转弯矩特征,沿旋翼轴不同周向位置的弯矩幅值相近,相位差与周向的夹角相同。     

空空导弹成像制导系统动态仿真技术研究

提出了一种用于空空导弹制导系统动态仿真测试的数字成像导引回路设计与实现方法。通过设计合理的数字模拟接口并将真实的红外成像导引头用数学模型替代,可以实现数字导引头与导弹飞控舱实物的有效连接,完成灵活的制导系统数字/实物多重组合动态仿真。在保证必要的红外目标辐射特性和运动特性建模精度基础上,采用这种方法可以满足导弹制导算法的研制和调试需要。该方法目前已在某型红外数字化空空导弹的制导系统算法研制中获得应用,取得良好的应用效果。     

一种用于干扰效果评估的闭环制导模拟方法

针对干扰效果评估需求,提出了一种简便易行的闭环制导模拟方法,即将导引头装在飞艇上,利用导引头测量输出的目标信息,按照导引律的要求,实时引导和控制飞艇向目标方向做制导飞行,以模拟闭环制导控制过程.利用电视导引头搭载飞艇,设定直接瞄准法导引律,完成了多个航次的闭环制导飞行试验.结果表明：飞艇飞行航迹与直接瞄准法导引律要求的理论航线基本一致,飞艇纵轴与目标视线的夹角以及导引头测量输出的离轴角均小于1°,也满足直接瞄准法导引律的要求,从而初步验证了所提出闭环制导模拟方法的可行性.这种作制导飞行的飞艇和导引头,可形象直观地演示、验证干扰效果.     

Improving seeking precision by utilizing ghost imaging in a semi-active quadrant detection seeker

Conventional semi-active laser guidance takes advantage of the laser designator to illuminate the stable and uniform laser spot on target precisely. The seeker collects the reflected light by a quadrant detector and outputs the relative position information to guide the missile to the illuminating laser spot. However, the designation and guidance accuracy could be jeopardized by the randomly drifting of laser spot caused by the instability of designation platform and air turbulence. In this work, ghost imaging technique is adapted to a quadrant detector semi-active seeker by utilizing structured illumination on the target. With a series of structured illumination masks, the signals from the quadrant detector are multiplexed to perform calculation of the target relative position as well as image reconstruction of the illuminated area simultaneously. Automatic target recognition methods could be further applied to the reconstructed image to calculate the designating error and correct the guidance. The results of simulation and experiment demonstrate that the proposed method could improve the guidance accuracy in many circumstances which would lead to attacking deviation if conventional semi-active laser guidance is used.     

On-orbit calibration of satellite antenna-pointing errors

A pragmatic approach is presented to the on-orbit calibration of the spaceborne gimbaled parabolic reflector antennas to enhance their pointing and tracking accuracies in the presence of unknown structural deformations and other errors. The technique described is based on the second-order extended Kalman filter. Except for some knowledge of Kalman filtering, the work is self-contained and tutorial in character, developing necessary error models and deriving most pertinent equations from first principles. Preliminary simulations, from which covariance analysis results have been obtained, indicate a 66% improvement in the accuracy of the antenna pointing angles     

基于深度学习的航空发动机不平衡故障部位识别

针对基于机匣测点的航空发动机不平衡故障部位识别问题,提出了基于深度卷积神经网络的航空发动机不平衡故障部位诊断方法。针对某典型双转子航空发动机,建立整机耦合动力学模型,并利用数值积分算法实现不平衡故障数值仿真;在从发动机压气机端到涡轮端的高、低压转子上选择4个不平衡故障部位作为诊断对象,通过仿真分析得到发动机典型转速下的转子不同部位不平衡故障的仿真样本;计算4个机匣测点信号的规范化频谱,通过对大量仿真数据的处理得到反映不同不平衡故障部位的故障样本集;利用仿真得到的大量不平衡故障样本,训练深度卷积神经网络,利用深度卷积神经网络的优良特征学习能力实现航空发动机不平衡故障的不同部位进行识别,数值试验结果表明该方法对航空发动机不平衡故障部位的识别准确率达到95%。     

Comments on "The Psi-Angle Error Equation in Straplown Inertial Navigation Systems"

The negative sign on the psi-angle differential equation for strapdow inertial navigation error analysis discussed by Weinreb and Bar-ltzhack is not due to differences in error propagation between gimbaled and strapdown systems, but to the definition of strapdown gyro drift rate given by them. If a consistent definition of gyro drift rate for gimbaled and strapdown systems error analysis is used, the sign change does not occur.     

Optimal three-dimensional impact time guidance with seeker’s field-of-view constraint

This paper proposes a new three-dimensional optimal guidance law for impact time control with seeker’s Field-of-View (FOV) constraint to intercept a stationary target. The proposed guidance law is devised in conjunction with the concept of biased Proportional Navigation Guidance (PNG). The guidance law developed leverages a nonlinear function to ensure the boundedness of velocity lead angle to cater to the seeker’s FOV limit. It is proven that the impact time error is nullified in a finite-time under the proposed method. Additionally, the optimality of the biased command is theoretically analyzed. Numerical simulations confirm the superiority of the proposed method and validate the analytic findings.     

INS/SAR组合定位技术研究

主要研究了INS/SAR组合对运动目标的定位算法。首先,建立了INS/SAR组合定位系统数学模型;其次,基于卡尔曼滤波方法和alpha-beta滤波方法完成了INS/SAR组合定位算法设计;最后,考虑组合导航系统误差及导引头测量误差,对定位算法进行了数字仿真及性能分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的INS/SAR组合定位算法在远距对运动目标具有较高的定位精度。     

图像匹配技术在航空电子系统中的应用

 本文概述了匹配定位原理、方法及相似度度量、快速搜索、正确匹配概率、预处理、几何失真及其改善等问题,还指出了特征匹配及匹配寻的跟踪等两个值得重视的发展趋势。最后给出了相关匹配技术在组合导航及导引头中应用的结构组成。     

联合制导攻击武器六自由度系统仿真

重点分析了GPS/IN S复合制导系统及激光导引头的工作原理和建模方法,同时介绍了增程套件的原理,并设计了方案弹道。通过六自由度弹道仿真,比较了增加组件前后联合制导攻击武器的性能指标。研究结论对我国现有库存常规炸弹的制导化改进有一定的参考价值。     

FDEKF在反辐射无人机抗目标雷达关机中的应用

基于捷联惯导/反辐射导引头组合抗目标雷达关机制导方案,研究了有限差分卡尔曼滤波(FDEKF)方法在对目标雷达被动定位中的应用。考虑反辐射导引头测角存在非线性特性,提出了一种基于扩展状态变量维数的方法实现了目标状态估计和导引头非线性特性补偿。仿真结果表明,FDEKF是一种具有良好性能的非线性滤波方法,可以代替传统的EKF解决反辐射无人机对目标雷达的被动定位问题。     

两相流中颗粒参数分布的矩方法研究

对矩方法进行研究,采用积分矩方法和直接积分矩方法对4个典型问题进行数值计算,分析比较了积分矩方法和直接积分矩方法的精度、效率以及稳定性.结果表明:与积分矩方法相比,用直接积分矩方法计算时计算效率略高、稳定性好,且计算结果的精度相当.结论对于两相流中颗粒参数的数值计算乃至了解颗粒的演变特性具有参考价值.     

导弹红外导引头火箭橇试验评估方法

从武器发展的趋势和红外导引头对外场试验的需求出发,提出了一种能真实模拟红外导引头与目标交会条件的试验方案,介绍了试验系统组成和试验原理,概述了系统的静态标定及联调、开环和闭环试验、抗干扰试验方法。该试验方案可实现红外导引头对高速运动目标的识别,检验其与模拟制导系统结合后对目标的捕获、锁定与跟踪性能。同时,也可有效考核其抗干扰能力,对提高红外导引头和导弹制导控制系统试验技术水平和能力具有重要的技术支撑作用。     

基于测试数据的雷达导引头技术状态评估

雷达导引头是导弹的关键部件,决定着导弹的综合作战能力。文章针对雷达导引头技术状态评估进行研究。首先,基于测试数据对雷达导引头的关键参数进行归一化处理,并引入时间修正的方法,依据装备退化规律得到装备的近期技术状态。然后,使用三角模糊数理论计算参数隶属度和可信度水平,在此基础上使用ER算法对雷达导引头特征参数的测试数据进行评估。实验使用某单位所贮存雷达导引头测试数据进行验证,表明该算法能够实现雷达导引头技术状态的实时评估,并得出评估结果的可信度。最后,基于技术状态评估结果进行雷达导引头检测规划,为合理控制雷达导引头的检测次数提供支持。     

A Novel Procedure for Assessing the Accuracy of Hyperbolic Multilateration Systems

This paper describes a novel procedure for determing the accuracy of hyperbolic multilateration systems. Basically, the procedure links the conventional accuracy measures (e. g., GDOP) to the moments and products of inertia of a mass configuration that is easily derived from the system geometry. Thus, the problem of determining accuracy measures is reduced to that of calculating simple moments and products of inertia. The insight provided by the procedure makes it possible to derive a variety of useful approximations for GDOP and other accuracy measures.     

基于灰度-基元共生矩阵的旋转机械故障诊断研究

研究了基于灰度-基元共生矩阵的故障诊断方法,该方法利用图形的灰度空间分布情况和描述纹理的纹理基元法结合起来提取和挖掘旋转机械振动状态参数图形特征,可以有效地提取图形中纹理特征信息,直接利用BP人工神经网络实现旋转机械故障诊断。在600MW模化汽轮机转子试验台上进行了转子正常、转子不平衡故障、转子不对中故障及轴承松动故障的试验,诊断结果表明可以获得较高的诊断精度。