Decoupling and tracking control of induction motor drive

This work introduces an adaptive observation system and a robust control system for achieving the favorable decoupling control and high-precision speed tracking property of an induction motor (IM) drive system. First, an adaptive observation system with an inverse rotor time-constant observer is derived on the basis of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) theory to preserve the decoupling control characteristic of an indirect field-oriented IM drive. The adaptive observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Moreover, a robust control system is developed based on the principle of computed torque control. In the robust control system, a grey uncertainty predictor is utilized to adapt the lumped uncertainty on line to relax the requirement of the lumped uncertainty in the design of a computed torque speed controller. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed observation and control systems is verified by simulated and experimental results.     

Robust variable structure speed control for induction motor drive

In order to eliminate the effect of parameter variation on field-oriented control for induction motor drive, an adaptation algorithm for tuning the rotor time-constant is proposed. Based on the adaptive observation of the rotor flux linkages, the rotor time-constant is adapted to obtain an exact indirect-field-oriented control (IFOC). In this proposed algorithm, a related function to the variation of the rotor time-constant is designed, then the accurate slip frequency needed for IFOC is obtained from this error function through a PI-type (proportional-integral) filter. Furthermore, a novel variable structure speed control with integral sliding surface is proposed under the adaptive field-oriented operation. By means of the variable structure speed control, the dynamics of motor speed have the property of an exponentially convergent rate. Using the proposed adaptive field-oriented control and the variable structure speed control, the IFOC is robust to the variation of the rotor time-constant and the speed control is insensitive to parameter uncertainty and load disturbance. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness     

轨迹跟踪伺服系统的鲁棒复合控制

针对控制输入饱和受限且带有未知扰动的电机伺服系统,提出一种实现曲线轨迹准确跟踪的鲁棒复合控制方案。该方案引入一个参考信号生成器和一个扩展状态观测器,其中参考信号生成器可根据目标轨迹信号构造出对应的状态量,扩展状态观测器用于对系统的状态量和扰动进行估计, 采用反馈与前馈相结合构成最终的控制律。利用Lyapunov理论对闭环系统的稳定性进行了严格分析。在MATLAB中进行了仿真研究,随后在一个DSP控制的永磁直线电机二维伺服平台进行了试验验证。结果表明:所提的控制方案能在轨迹跟踪任务中取得优越的瞬态性能和稳态准确性,而且对目标轨迹和扰动的幅值差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

电力机车PMSM自适应模糊滑模控制

为研究牵引工况下电力机车永磁同步电机(PMSM)的转速控制精度,考虑轮轨接触不平顺及车体静载荷在轮对径向产生的未知时变负载转矩,建立了机车PMSM在dq坐标系下的数学模型。针对该耦合非线性系统中存在的负载转矩,设计非线性转矩观测器对其实际值进行估计,对观测误差采用自适应模糊逻辑系统进行逼近;为考察d轴电压过零跳变对转速控制及转矩观测性能的影响,在d轴电压控制器设计中引入Nussbaum函数,并依据Lyapunov稳定性理论,构造了基于转矩观测器的自适应模糊滑模控制器。理论分析及仿真结果表明,当转矩时变或d轴电压过零时,机车PMSM闭环转速控制系统跟踪误差一致有界,转矩观测误差收敛于0。     

一种新型的内置式永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制策略

针对内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)在低速域运行时模型参考自适应观测器对电机参数变化敏感、位置检测精度低以及鲁棒性差等缺点,提出了通过利用电机本体的参考模型和相应可调模型的差值构造滑模面,取代了传统模型参考自适应观测器中采用PI调节器作为自适应机构的做法,并且采用模糊控制器自适应调整滑模增益以抑制滑模运动的抖振。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了仿真模型。仿真表明:在外部扰动以及电机参数变化时,估计转速和转子位置均能跟踪到实际的转速和转子位置。     

感应电机全阶状态观测器及其无源性转速控制

为了实现感应电机的高动态调速性能,针对电机的非线性本质,提出了一种基于全阶状态观测器及其转速自适应估算的感应电机无源性转速控制方案。在基于感应电机无源性与稳定性分析的基础上,设计了渐近稳定转矩跟踪无源性控制器。针对无源控制律所需转子电流难以观测的问题,提出了一种旋转坐标系下以转子电流和转子磁链为状态变量的全阶状态观测器,并应用该观测器对转速进行估算,实现了感应电机无速度传感器的无源性转速控制。仿真结果表明该控制方法易于实现,采用全阶观测器观测转子电流值和估算转速值更为准确,显著提高了感应电机的动静态性能。     

RFNN control for PMLSM drive via backstepping technique

A robust fuzzy neural network (RFNN) control system is proposed in this study to control the position of the mover of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) drive system to track periodic reference trajectories. First, an ideal feedback linearization control law is designed based on the backstepping technique. Then, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller is designed to be the main tracking controller of the proposed RFNN control system to mimic an ideal feedback linearization control law, and a robust controller is proposed to confront the shortcoming of the FNN controller. Moreover, to relax the requirement for the bound of uncertainty term, which comprises a minimum approximation error, optimal parameter vectors and higher order terms in Taylor series, an adaptive bound estimation is investigated where a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the bound of uncertainty. Furthermore, the simulated and experimental results due to periodic reference trajectories demonstrate that the dynamic behaviors of the proposed control systems are robust with regard to uncertainties.     

基于变增益扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机转速环自抗扰控制器设计

线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)在观测初始阶段,系统状态量实际值与估计值误差较大。由于LESO高增益的影响,导致LESO在初始时刻的扰动估计输出出现很大的峰值,而且观测器增益越大,峰值现象越严重。针对上述问题,设计了一种变增益扩张状态观测器(TESO),其增益是一个时变函数,在初始时刻为较小的函数值,随着时间逐渐增大,直至趋于一个较大常数。利用李雅普诺夫变换和微分代数谱理论给出了参数整定公式。将线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC)中的扩张状态观测器替换为TESO,并将其应用于永磁同步电机转速控制中,计算机仿真和系统试验验证了该控制器设计的有效性。     

基于级联型逆变器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制

针对采用级联型逆变器的感应电机矢量控制系统,提出了基于反电动势的转速辨识方法。该方法以反电动势作为系统模型输出来构造模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)。MRAS采用参考模型和可调模型并联型结构实现转速辨识,消除了纯积分环节带来的问题。将所提方法应用于感应电机矢量控制系统并通过仿真和试验得以实现。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法易于实现,能够准确估计电机的转速。     

高速精密轧辊磨头主轴电机SVM-DTC系统的无速度传感器控制

针对一种主轴砂轮线速度在80 m/s以上的高速精密轧辊磨床,以主轴异步电机YVF160L2和逆变器的数学模型为基础,采用空间电压矢量调制(SVM)与直接转矩控制(DTC)相结合的SVMDTC方案,减少轧辊磨头砂轮主轴运行时的转矩脉动;并利用模型参考自适应器建立了速度观测器,实现高速精密轧辊磨头主轴电机无速度传感的闭环控制。仿真结果表明,基于辨识速度的SVMDTC系统能有效改善主轴电机运行时定子磁链和输出轴转矩的波动,控制性能得到明显提升。     

基于MRAS和磁链补偿的无速度传感器永磁直线同步电机直接推力控制

永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)直接推力控制系统中的传统机械传感器在恶劣工况下难以准确获取控制系统反馈信息。将模型参考自适应算法应用到PMLSM,设计了基于模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)的无速度传感器直接推力控制系统,依据辨识得到的磁链位置重新构建了一种磁链观测器,对磁链进行补偿,减小了直接推力控制推力响应的波动。通过仿真,证明了基于MRAS和磁链补偿的无速度传感器PMLSM直接推力控制系统能够准确地辨识初级的速度和位置信息,得到了较好的动静态性能。     

改进的车载空调压缩机无位置传感器控制起动方法

无位置传感器控制是空调压缩机控制系统的较优选择。针对基于滑模观测器(SMO)的永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器控制系统零速观测精度低、起动难度大等问题,提出了一种改进PMSM无位置传感器的零速低速起动及中高速域使用的SMO控制的切换方法。在电机低速和零速时,I/F控制使其工作在角度开环电流闭环的工况下,该算法的给定相位与观测相位误差达不到系统切换要求,需利用降低开环电路的方式来降低误差；在电机转速提高的同时补偿SMO的角度,使观测角度接近真实角度,2种算法切换时稳定性更高,抗干扰能力更强。根据MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果和实际3.5 kW车载空调PMSM调试,验证了该方法的可行性和改进算法的有效性。     

Modified robust optimal adaptive control for flight environment simulation system with heat transfer uncertainty

To solve the rapid transient control problem of Flight Environment Simulation System (FESS) of Altitude Ground Test Facilities (AGTF) with large heat transfer uncertainty and disturbance, a new adaptive control structure of modified robust optimal adaptive control is presented. The mathematic modeling of FESS is given and the influence of heat transfer is analyzed through energy view. To consider the influence of heat transfer in controller design, we introduce a matched uncertainty that represents heat transfer influence in the linearized system of FESS. Based on this linear system, we deduce the design of modified robust optimal adaptive control law in a general way. Meanwhile, the robust stability of the modified robust optimal adaptive control law is proved through using Lyapunov stability theory. Then, a typical aero-engine test condition with Mach Dash and Zoom-Climb is used to verify the effectiveness of the devised adaptive controller. The simulation results show that the designed controller has servo tracking and disturbance rejection performance under heat transfer uncertainty and disturbance; the relative steady-state and dynamic errors of pressure and temperature are both smaller than 1% and 0.2% respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the modification parameter γ is analyzed through simulation. Finally, comparing with the standard ideal model reference adaptive controller, the modified robust optimal adaptive controller obviously provides better control performance than the ideal model reference adaptive controller does.     

Adaptive recurrent-neural-network control for linear inductionmotor

In this study an adaptive recurrent-neural-network controller (ARNNC) is proposed to control a linear induction motor (LIM) servo drive. First, the secondary flux of the LIM is estimated with an adaptive flux observer on the stationary reference frame and the feedback linearization theory is used to decouple the thrust force and the flux amplitude of the LIM. Then, an ARNNC is proposed to control the mover of the LIM for periodic motion. In the proposed controller, the LIM servo drive system is identified by a recurrent-neural-network identifier (RNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to an adaptive controller. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the RNNI on line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the RNNI and the optimal learning rate of the adaptive controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by both the simulated and experimental results. Furthermore, the advantages of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with the sliding mode control system     

基于离散反电动势估计的永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制

针对高速永磁同步电机(PMSM)的无速度传感器控制问题,提出了一种基于离散反电动势估计的PMSM无速度传感器控制策略。实施离散反电动势估计的设计有三点:首先,设计了离散dq电流观测器以消除反电动势估计中的电感交叉耦合效应;然后,设计了延迟补偿模型以补偿数模转换引起的电压误差,同时设计了较为精确的离散模型,以克服由数字实现导致的估计反电动势和实际反电动势之间的偏差;最后,开展了高速PMSM驱动试验,试验结果验证了所提出的高速PMSM无速度传感器控制方案的性能。     

具有效率优化计算的异步电动机自抗扰与滑模直接转矩控制

为了克服异步电动机直接转矩控制中转矩和电流脉动大等缺点,设计改进的自抗扰速度控制器取代传统的比例积分(PI)控制器。根据异步电动机的数学模型以及滑模变结构控制理论设计了一种基于转矩误差和磁链平方误差的新型滑模控制器。考虑电机运行过程中负载转矩未知问题,设计了一种基于Supertwisting算法的负载转矩观测器。Supertwisting定子磁链观测器的应用提高了观测精确度。通过效率优化计算得出稳态时最优定子磁链,并将其引入调速系统。仿真试验结果表明,该控制策略有效地减小了转矩和电流脉动,并且对外部扰动具有较强抑制作用,同时能够降低电机运行损耗,具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

Novel sliding mode controller for synchronous motor drive

A novel sliding mode controller with an integral-operation switching surface is proposed. Furthermore, an adaptive sliding mode controller is investigated, in which a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the bound of uncertainties. The position control for a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous servo motor drive using the proposed control strategies is illustrated. The theoretical analysis and the theorems for the proposed sliding mode controllers are described in detail. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controllers provide high-performance dynamic characteristics and are robust with regard to plant parameter variations and external load disturbance     

基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机自抗扰无源控制

针对传统永磁同步电机滑模控制存在的抖振以及系统抗扰动鲁棒性差问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机自抗扰无源控制方法。转速外环设计自适应滑模控制器,采用扩张状态观测器对系统干扰项进行观测,用其进行前馈补偿。电流内环将无源控制与自抗扰控制相融合,得到dq旋转坐标系下的电压给定。新型控制方法可有效抑制系统抖振,增强系统鲁棒性。试验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性和实用性。     

Modeling and control of a novel electro-hydrostatic actuator with adaptive pump displacement

The variable pump displacement and variable motor speed electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA), one of the three types of EHAs, has advantages such as short response time, flexible speed regulation, and high efficiency. However, the nonlinearity of its double-input single-output system poses a great challenge for system control. This study proposes a novel EHA with adaptive pump displacement and variable motor speed (EHA-APVM). A closed-loop position is realized using a servomotor. Moreover, the displacement varies with the system pressure; thus, the EHA-APVM is a single-input and single-output system. Firstly, the working principles of the EHA-APVM and the pump used in the system are introduced. Secondly, a nonlinear mathematical model of the proposed EHA-APVM control system is established, and a feedback back-stepping (FBBS) control algorithm is introduced to transform the complex nonlinear system into a linear system on the basis of the back-stepping control theory. Finally, simulation results prove that the EHA-APVM has a quick response and high robustness to variations of the load and the pump displacement. In this work, the size and weight of the motor are significantly reduced because the maximum power requirement is reduced, which is very beneficial for using the actuator in airborne equipment.