BaSO_4/PTFE复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损机理研究

采用高速混合、冷压烧结成型的方法通过填充改性制备BaSO4/PTFE复合材料,利用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦学行为,考察BaSO4用量对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜对试样磨损表面进行观察和分析,揭示摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,BaSO4可显著提高复合材料的耐磨损性能,在用量为30%时,耐磨损性能与纯PTFE相比提高了两个数量级;PTFE以粘着磨损为主,随着BaSO4用量增加,磨粒磨损逐渐占主导,粘着磨损逐渐减少,并最终表现出疲劳磨损特征。     

M50钢表面磁控溅射Ti-GLC薄膜高温摩擦学性能

为了研究高温环境下轴承钢基体上Ti掺杂类石墨碳基薄膜的实际应用，采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在M50钢表面制备Ti-GLC膜，分别在不同温度、不同线速度下与Al₂O₃陶瓷球进行摩擦磨损试验，研究其高温摩擦学性能及磨损机理。结果表明，随着温度的升高，Ti-GLC膜中的sp²键含量逐渐增大，石墨化程度加重，硬度和弹性模量逐渐降低，膜基结合力也有所降低。在室温～200℃，所制备的Ti-GLC薄膜保持优异的低摩擦与耐磨损性能，为Ti-GLC薄膜的最佳服役温度区域。在200 mm/s下，随着温度的升高，磨损形式由轻微的黏着磨损和磨粒磨损逐渐转变为严重的磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能

为提高树脂基摩擦材料摩擦因数稳定性,改善其抗热衰退性能。以碳纤维作为增强纤维,采用热压成型工艺制备碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料;用XD-MSM型定速摩擦试验机测定摩擦磨损性能,研究了不同含量碳纤维增强对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用VK-X200三维激光扫描显微镜观察了摩擦材料磨损后表面的微观形貌并探讨其磨损机理。结果表明,碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料的硬度、压缩强度和剪切强度均得到提高,并随碳纤维含量的增加而逐渐增大;碳纤维增强作用提高了树脂基摩擦材料的耐磨性和摩擦因数的稳定性,改变了树脂基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损形式;碳纤维含量为4wt%的增强树脂基摩擦材料摩擦因数稳定性较高,抗热衰退性能较好,磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损。     

织构化配流副摩擦磨损性能试验

为改善轴向柱塞泵配流副的摩擦磨损性能,采用光刻-电解工艺,对配流副进行织构化,在配流副摩擦磨损试验机上进行试验研究.结果表明:织构化配流副能够有效减小摩擦因数,平均磨损截面面积和表面粗糙度的变化值都小于无织构配流副,不同于无织构配流副形成了比较严重的黏着磨损,微凹坑直径为100~300μm时磨损相对更小,配流副只产生磨粒磨损,此时平均磨损截面面积为无织构配流副试件的4.54%~7.14%.摩擦因数和平均磨损截面面积间有着良好的相关性.     

干滑动摩擦下SiC/Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能

采用摩擦磨损试验机研究不同滑动距离下的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料( SiC体积含量为9%)的摩擦磨损性能。在载荷45 N(5 MPa)、转速200 r/min、转动距离分别为5000 r、10000 r以及20000 r条件下,进行连续干滑动摩擦实验。结果表明：在长程连续干滑动下,其摩擦系数变化可分为磨合区、缓慢上升区、加速上升区3个阶段;随着摩擦距离的增加,基体表面的温度急剧升高,进而发生黏着磨损,产生塑性流变区,多种摩擦方式并存使得该条件下摩擦系数与磨损量均增加。     

空间摩擦学及其材料的研究进展

综述了空间苛刻服役环境及其对空间摩擦学材料性能影响的研究,深入分析了空间环境对空间摩擦材料、空间耐磨材料和空间减摩材料摩擦磨损机理的影响。空间摩擦材料主要应用于空间对接机构及空间机械臂中,应具有稳定的摩擦力矩与优良的抗黏着磨损性能。空间耐磨材料主要应用于空间轴承、齿轮和密封件等部件中,如FeAl金属间化合物在高温下抗蠕变性急剧下降,常通过添加金属元素(Ce,Cr,Mn,Mo,Nb,W等)及固体润滑剂提高材料抗蠕变性能;Ti及其合金常通过表面改性改善黏着性;与基体结合性良好的耐磨涂层可以较大程度的改善材料的耐磨性。空间减摩材料主要指润滑剂与自润滑材料,如软金属Pb、高分子材料PI和PTFE等,以及某些金属的氧化物,氟化物和硫化物等,能较好地降低材料表面的摩擦因数。随着航天科技的发展,亟须开发新型高性能空间摩擦学材料,建立摩擦学材料数据库,以应对国际航天技术发展的挑战。     

磁控溅射DLC/SiC/Ti多层膜对镁合金摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用室温磁控溅射技术在镁合金(AZ91D)表面制备DLC/SiC/Ti(类金刚石/碳化硅/钛)多层膜(SiC,Ti为中间层),研究了薄膜的纳米压痕行为和膜基系统的摩擦磨损性能.试验结果表明:DLC薄膜具有低的纳米硬度(4.01GPa)和低的弹性模量(40.53GPa),但具有高的硬弹比(0.10);膜基系统具有好的摩擦磨损性能;在以氮化硅球为对磨件的室温干摩擦条件下摩擦系数平均约为0.19,与镁合金相比,磨损速率低了约三个数量级,膜基系统经3.5h磨损后,未出现裂纹和剥落,显著改善了镁合金的抗磨损性能.     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题。针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明,3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料在砂轮磨损和表面粗糙度方面未表现出明显差异,而通过对磨削力和磨削温度的综合评价发现粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮的磨削性能更优。3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料的磨削比在0.5~3之间。在正常磨削条件下,3种砂轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra小于0.4μm。同时发现,砂轮磨损(主要包括磨粒的破碎和脱落)是造成磨削表面缺陷形成的重要原因。     

GT35硬质合金材料高温摩擦磨损特性研究

利用球-盘高温摩擦磨损试验机对GT35硬质合金进行摩擦磨损实验,研究了GT35硬质合金材料的摩擦磨损特性及机理。分析了不同温度和不同摩擦半径情况下GT35硬质合金的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:在法向载荷不变的条件下,GT35硬质合金的摩擦系数和比磨损率均随温度的上升而增大,其摩擦系数和比磨损率随摩擦半径的增加也呈上升的变化趋势。     

一种针刺C/C复合材料-40Cr配副的摩擦学性能

采用MMUD-10B型摩擦磨损试验机分别在干摩擦和水润滑两种不同环境下,固定转速为100 r/min,在不同载荷下(70、150和230 N)对摩擦配副C/C-40Cr进行摩擦学性能对比分析及表征。利用奥林巴斯GX51金相显微镜观察试样表面的磨痕、采用JJ324BC型的电子天平表征每次实验的磨损量、使用JSM-6510A型扫描电子显微镜(带有EDS能谱仪)观察磨屑的形貌及各元素的原子比。结果表明:在干摩擦中,试样的摩擦因数较大,在0.046～0.070波动,磨损量较少,且摩擦因数与磨损量随着载荷的增加而增加;在水润滑摩擦情况下,摩擦因数变化范围较小,在0.037～0.052,但磨损量较大。干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦因数和磨损量与载荷的大小呈正相关趋势。此外磨屑中稳定存在碳纤维和片层状的40Cr,磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用。     

连铸连轧镁合金AZ41微观结构与摩擦磨损性能

为研究铸轧镁合金AZ41板材的摩擦磨损性能,通过连铸连轧制备出镁合金AZ41板材,并观察其铸轧态和热处理态的微观组织结构特点。研究了滑动干摩擦条件下滑动速度和载荷对AZ41镁合金板材摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电镜观察磨损表面形貌,探讨了其磨损机制,并利用有限元方法模拟了其磨损时的应力分布。结果表明：制备的镁合金AZ41在（1012）上出现了大量压缩孪晶,经热处理后晶粒变为等轴晶;摩擦系数随着转速的增加而升高,在一定范围内随载荷的增加而降低;磨损量随着载荷和转速的增加而增加,低载时磨损机制为磨粒磨损,伴有氧化磨损的发生,高载时其磨损以粘着磨损为主。     

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish,quicker wear and tear of grinding tools,lower effi-ciency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding (UVG) which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper,experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude,diamond abrasive grit size,cutting depth,feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them,the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover,conven-tional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison,it was found that the UVG is superior to the con-ventional method in terms of the ground surface quality,the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.     

TC4-DT钛合金磨削表面特性及其摩擦磨损性能

钛合金是一种典型难磨削加工材料,磨削表面易出现烧伤、裂纹等热损伤。本文开展了TC4-DT钛合金磨削实验,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度仪、金相显微镜及球-盘摩擦磨损实验仪研究了其表面特性及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：低速磨削表面质量好,摩擦磨损性能较基体略提高;当砂轮线速度为80 m/s时,磨削表面质量良好,摩擦系数为0.38,较基体降低40%;而砂轮线速度为100 m/s时,磨削表面出现严重烧伤、网状裂纹。因此选择合理的高速磨削工艺可避免烧伤、裂纹等热损伤缺陷,并可有效改善表面摩擦磨损性能;磨削表面干摩擦磨损机制为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和剥层磨损。     

Tool wear during high speed turning in situ TiCp/TiBw hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite

Chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear are prevalent for both the polycrystalline diamond(PCD) and the carbide tools during high speed turning of TiC_p/TiB_w hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) matrix composite(TMCs). The combined effects of abrasive wear and diffusion wear caused the big crater on PCD and carbide tool rake face. Compared to the PCD, bigger size of crater was found on the carbide tool due to much higher cutting temperature and the violent chemical reaction between the Ti element in the workpiece and the WC in the tool.However, the marks of the abrasive wear looked much slighter or even could not be observed on the carbide tool especially when low levels of cutting parameters were used, which attributes to much lower hardness and smaller size of WC combined with more significant chemical degradation of carbide. When cutting TC4 using PCD tool, notch wear was the most significant wear pattern which was not found when cutting the TMCs. However, chipping, adhesive wear and crater wear were much milder when compared to the cutting of titanium matrix composite. Due to the absence of abrasive wear when cutting TC4, the generated titanium carbide on the PCD protected the tool from fast wear, which caused that the tool life for TC4 was 6–10 times longer than that for TMCs.     

磨粒磨损对砂带磨削TC17表面完整性的影响研究

砂带磨粒磨损直接影响磨削表面质量进而影响构件综合服役性能.以表面完整性为评估指标,对砂带磨损前后钛合金的表面加工质量进行了试验研究,揭示了砂带磨粒磨损对磨削TC17表面粗糙度、残余应力和表面硬度的影响规律及机制.结果表明,磨粒磨损后由于高度均匀化、单位面积切削磨粒数增加、磨削深度减小,使得表面粗糙度减小、纹理均匀细腻,...     

Coupling behavior between adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism of aero-hydraulic spool valves

Leakage due to wear is one of the main failure modes of aero-hydraulic spool valves. This paper established a practical coupling wear model for aero-hydraulic spool valves based on dynamic system modelling theory. Firstly, the experiment for wear mechanism verification proved that adhesive wear and abrasive wear did coexist during the working process of spool valves. Sec-ondly coupling behavior of each wear mechanism was characterized by analyzing actual time-variation of model parameters during wear evolution process. Meanwhile, Archard model and three-body abrasive wear model were utilized for adhesive wear and abrasive wear, respectively. Furthermore, their coupling wear model was established by calculating the actual wear volume. Finally, from the result of formal test, all the required parameters for our model were obtained. The relative error between model prediction and data of pre-test was also presented to verify the accuracy of model, which demonstrated that our model was useful for providing accurate prediction of spool valve’s wear life.     

Fretting wear behaviour of machined layer of nickel-based superalloy produced by creep-feed profile grinding

Fretting wear has an adverse impact on the fatigue life of turbine blade roots. The current work is to comparatively investigate the fretting wear behaviour of the nickel-based superalloy surfaces produced by polishing and creep-feed profile grinding, respectively, in terms of surface/subsurface fretting damage, the friction coefficient, wear volume and wear rate. Experimental results show that the granulated tribolayer aggravates the workpiece wear, while the flat compacted tribolayer enhances the wear resistance ability of workpiece, irrespective of whether the workpiece is processed by polishing or grinding. However, the wear behaviors of tribolayers are different. For the polished surface, when the normal load exceeds 100 N, the main defects are crack, rupture, delamination and peeling of workpiece materials; the wear mechanism changes from severe oxidative wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear when the loads increase from 50 to 180 N. As for the ground surface, the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear. Particularly, the ground surface possesses better wear-resistant ability than the polished surface because the former has the lower values in coefficient friction (0.23), wear volume (0.06 × 10⁶ μm³) and wear rate (0.25 × 10^?16 Pa^?1). Finally, an illustration is given to characterize the evolution of wear debris on such nickel-based superalloy on the ground surface.     

民机缝翼滑轨机构磨损分析研究

民用飞机缝翼结构中滚轮滑轨机构的可靠性对飞行安全有着重要的影响。本文针对滚轮滑轨机构运动副表面的磨损机理进行分析,分别分析了滑轨几种磨损模式下的破坏机理,并针对降低滚轮滑轨机构的磨损量提出了几点建议。为民用飞机缝翼高寿命和高可靠性做了基础研究工作。     

两种不同成分NiAl涂层性能的对比研究

采用双丝电弧喷涂在6061-T6铝合金基底上制备NiAl-95/05和NiAl-80/20涂层,利用标准测试方法测量涂层的机械性能,并提出了NiAl涂层摩擦磨损机理的新理论。结果表明：NiAl-80/20涂层具有较高的结合强度和显微硬度。随磨损进行,NiAl-80/20涂层的静摩擦系数随磨损的继续一直单调下降,直至最后进入稳态阶段;NiAl-95/05涂层的静摩擦系数先缓慢下降,200个循环之后由于磨损形貌的进一步恶化,静摩擦系数呈缓慢上升的趋势。NiAl-95/05涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,并且在磨损过程中伴随有犁削效应;NiAl-80/20涂层主要为粘着磨损机制,并且具有更好的耐磨性。