SPS温度对铜/镍粉/304不锈钢接头组织与剪切强度的影响

采用脉冲放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了添加镍粉中间层的铜/304不锈钢接头,研究了焊接温度对接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,以镍粉为中间层,可以实现铜与304不锈钢的扩散焊接。铜/镍界面处铜、镍互扩散形成铜/镍界面扩散层,镍/304不锈钢界面处镍、铁互扩散形成镍/铁界面扩散层,铜/镍扩散层厚度大于镍/铁扩散层厚度。在焊接压力为10 MPa、焊接温度为900℃时,铜/304不锈钢接头剪切强度最佳,为98 MPa。铜/304不锈钢接头断口形貌呈韧窝状,断裂均在镍中间层处,接头连接强度受制于镍中间层本身的强度。     

Al含量对空心阴极等离子烧结Ti/Ni等原子比TiNiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

 采用空心阴极等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti/Ni等原子比的Ti_50-x/2Ni_50-x/2Al_x(x=0,3,6,9)合金,研究了Al含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:未添加铝的合金微观组织主要由NiTi基体、强化相Ti₂Ni、Ni₃Ti及孔隙组成;随着Al含量的提高,合金中Ti₂Ni(Al)数量不断增多,孔隙数量和孔径不断增加,Ni₃Ti(Al)数量不断减少,在Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉中还生成了少量Ni₂TiAl相;合金的抗弯强度随Al含量的提高而增加,并在Al含量为6%时达到最大值296.3 MPa;合金的硬度随铝含量的提高而增加,Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉的硬度值为295.6 HV。     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

航空用不锈钢焊接导管的损伤容限研究

基于断裂力学方法开展了1Cr18Ni9Ti导管TIG焊对接结构的损伤容限分析,在测试其母材和TIG焊接头拉伸性能、断裂韧度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率的基础上,分析其失效模式,确定损伤容限ac。研究结果表明:1Cr18Ni9Ti导管TIG焊对接结构在工况振动载荷下,损伤容限ac为0.9mm,导管失效形式为泄露。     

Ti和Ti／Ni／Ti连接钨与铜及其合金的界面结合机制与接头强度

采用热 力学模拟试验机Gleeble1500D作加热设备,用Ti片和Ti箔 Ni片 Ti箔复合中间层扩散连接钨与铜及铜合金CuCrZr。结果表明,当用Ti片连接钨与铜,连接温度下Ti与Cu反应但未转化成液相时,则反应层由具有一定脆性的多层化合物组成,接头强度偏低;当Ti片通过共晶反应转化成液相且大部分液相被挤出连接区时,接头强度显著提高,最高达220MPa。用Ti Ni Ti复合中间层连接钨与CuCrZr时,结合界面是通过Ti分别与Ni、W及Cu相互扩散并反应生成多层化合物和固溶体而形成的;与Ti片连接钨与铜的接头形成相似,连接过程中Ti箔未转化成液相时接头强度偏低,Ti箔转化成液相时接头强度明显提高。     

Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

Fe含量对2219铝合金锻件焊接组织与性能的影响

为研究杂质Fe元素对2219铝合金及其焊接接头的组织、性能以及电化学腐蚀性能等的影响,采用力学拉伸、焊接试验以及金相和扫描电镜等分析测试方法,对0.15%(w)至0.01%(w)等不同Fe元素含量的2219铝合金锻件进行实验研究和分析。研究表明:2219铝合金中经热变形加工存在网络状Al_2Cu变成颗粒状和纤维状的Al_7Cu_2(Fe,Mn)相,随着Fe含量由0.15%(w)降低至0.01%(w),合金固溶时效后的Al_7Cu_2(Fe,Mn)相显著减少,锻件强度和塑性显著提高;合金焊接接头断口由脆性断裂逐渐转变为韧窝尺寸细小的韧性断裂,尤其对于延伸率,提高至近1.4倍,强度和塑性显著提高;合金的自腐蚀电流逐渐减小,单位面积上的线性极化电阻增大,合金焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能显著提高。     

Ti/Al/Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶层状复合材料界面相组成

利用DSC对真空甩带法制得的Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶薄带进行热分析,据此选择在693 K(T_g),753 K(T_g~T_(x1)),813 K(T_(x1))下对非晶合金进行不同时间真空热处理,分析非晶晶化行为,并以Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶合金、TA2和纯Al为原材料,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机在873 K/10 MPa/8 h下制备层状复合材料,采用SEM、TEM、显微硬度计并结合热力学和元素扩散理论对界面层相组成、析出次序和性能进行研究。结果表明:Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶玻璃转变温度T_g=720 K,初始晶化温度T_(x1)=788 K;非晶晶化首先生成亚稳相I相,随后进一步析出三元或四元Laves相和Ti Ni相;热压后,纯Al和非晶晶化层间界面由薄层Al_3Ni和晶粒细小结构均匀的Al3(Ti0.6Zr0.4)层组成,界面平直无缺陷,总厚度与纯Ti、纯Al间界面层厚度比约为6.5∶1;Al_3(Ti_(0.6)Zr_(0.4))和Al_3Ti硬度相近,分别为(564.20±10.46)HV和(579.83±15.26)HV,但Al_3(Ti_(0.6)Zr_(0.4))层塑性更好。     

钛合金带筋壁板穿透焊工艺研究

从焊前准备、焊接装配、焊接保护、焊后校形、力学性能等5个方面,研究了钛合金穿透焊工艺及其焊接工艺参数,分析了焊接接头的组织性能。结果表明,充分的焊前准备、正确的焊接装配、有效的焊接保护及合理的焊接工艺参数是获得优质钛合金焊接接头的保证;焊后正确的热处理是零件保形的必要条件。     

Effect of beam current on microstructures and mechanical properties of joints of TZM/30CrMnSiA by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding experiments of TZM alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel butt joints were carried out with different beam currents. Microstructures and chemical compositions of typical zones were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. Besides, nanoindentation tests were carried out to compare the brittleness of the reaction layer and other typical microstructures. The results illustrated that the reaction layer at the interface between fusion zone (FZ) and TZM alloy was the weak position of the joint, which was divided into Fe₂Mo layer and a mixture layer of Fe₂Mo and α-Fe phases. As the beam current increased, the thickness of the Fe₂Mo layer decreased, which resulted in the increasing of the tensile strength of the joints. When the beam current exceeded 24 mA, the formation of the joint was poor with a low tensile strength. When the beam current was 24 mA, the joint presented the highest strength of 191.3 MPa and the joint fractured along the Fe₂Mo layer near the TZM alloy side with a brittle fracture mode.     

添加Ni+Nb中间层的钛合金与不锈钢扩散焊工艺研究

分别采用常规工艺和阶梯状工艺的方法,对添加Ni+Nb复合中间层的TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢真空扩散焊进行了研究.利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱分析(EDS)对接头的组织结构、元素分布进行了分析,测试了接头的力学性能并分析了断口形貌和元素分布.结果表明,通过添加Ni+Nb中间层成功阻止了...     

超声冲击对TA15 钛合金焊接接头的影响

研究了TA15钛合金氩弧焊焊接接头超声冲击前后的组织及力学性能,并对接头拉伸断口进行了观察。结果表明,焊接后焊缝区和热影响区的组织与母材的组织差别很大,表现为魏氏组织特征;超声冲击前后母材和接头的组织均变化不大。冲击处理使焊缝区和母材区的强度和伸长率均有所增加。冲击前后的焊缝及母材的室温拉伸断口均属于韧窝型断口。冲击后接头的表面和断面显微硬度均得到了提高。     

2219 铝合金单、双道焊接头性能分析

通过对比2219 铝合金单道氩弧焊和氦弧打底+氩弧盖面双道焊接头的常温及液氮温度拉伸性
能、显微硬度分布、单向拉伸过程的数字散斑测量(DIC)结果,发现在常、低温条件下双道焊接头的拉伸强度和
延伸率均比单道焊接头高10% ~20%,单道焊接头焊缝及热影响区内材料的显微硬度值相比母材的降低程度
比双道焊接头更为显著,其主要原因是单道焊接头的一次性热输入大于双道焊,材料受热影响更严重,焊漏高
度及形状的可控性更差。     

A356-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的工艺研究

通过对6 mm厚的A356-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验研究,采用OM、SEM、万能拉伸试验机、显微硬度仪等分析了母材位置、焊接速度对接头组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:当旋转速度为1 000 r/min、焊接速度为100~400 mm/min时,均可获得内部无明显缺陷、外观良好的异种铝合金接头;A356-T6铝合金置于前进侧时有利于材料的迁移,焊缝区组织由典型的焊核区、热机械影响区和热影响区特征组织组成,焊核区域晶粒由表层向底层逐渐细化;接头拉伸性能随焊接速度的增加而增大;焊接速度较低时,A356合金位于前进侧有利于获得强度更高的接头,而焊接速度较高时,6061位于前进侧有利于获得高性能接头,且接头的屈服强度和延伸率均较A356位于前进侧时高;无论A356还是6061置于前进侧,接头的断裂位置均位于A356侧热影响区,与母材放置位置无关,这与焊缝硬度最小值区位置相吻合。     

Microstructural formation and mechanical performance of friction stir double-riveting welded Al-Cu joints

A novel friction stir double-riveting welding (FSDRW) technology was proposed in order to realize the high-quality joining of upper aluminum (Al) and lower copper (Cu) plates, and this technology employed a Cu column as a rivet and a specially designed welding tool with a large concave-angle shoulder. The formations, interfacial characteristics, mechanical properties and fracture features of Al/Cu FSDRW joints under different rotational velocities and dwell times were investigated. The results showed that the well-formed FSDRW joint was successfully obtained. The cylindrical Cu column was transformed into a double riveting heads structure with a Cu anchor at the top and an Al anchor at the bottom, thereby providing an excellent mechanical interlocking. The defect-free Cu/Cu interface was formed at the lap interface due to the sufficient metallurgical bonding between the Cu column and the Cu plate, thereby effectively inhibiting the propagation of crack from the intermetallic compound layer at the lap interface between the Al and Cu plates. The tensile shear load of joint was increased first and then decreased when the rotational velocity and dwell time of welding tool increased, and the maximum value was 5.52 kN. The FSDRW joint presented a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fractures.     

LF6铝合金与不锈钢异种金属惯性摩擦焊工艺技术研究

铝合金与不锈钢物理化学性能较大的差异使两者采用常规焊接技术较难实现连接。本文采用惯性摩擦焊接技术进行了LF6铝合金与不锈钢异种金属连接,分析研究了接头的微观组织及拉伸力学性能。研究结果表明,LF6铝合金与不锈钢惯性摩擦焊接过程中,相对不锈钢一侧,LF6铝合金一侧发生了较大的塑性变形,飞边主要由LF6铝合金摩擦挤压而成;微观组织显示LF6铝合金一侧分为细晶区、拉长晶区和母材区,细晶区中呈现为细小等轴晶状组织,拉长晶区为摩擦剪应力作用下的板条状拉伸组织。EDX分析表明,在摩擦热和顶锻力的作用下,焊接界面存在明显的浓度梯度,形成了数微米的扩散反应层;力学断口断裂于铝合金一侧受力薄弱区。     

铜/镍箔中间层对铝/钢激光焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响

研究以Ni、Ni/Cu箔片为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊接行为,系统考察Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的添加对铝/钢异种激光焊接接头组织与性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对焊缝横截面的组织形貌和各区域的元素分布进行观察分析,利用X射线衍射仪对焊接接头的主要物相进行分析,并利用电子万能试验机对焊接接头进行拉伸实验以表征其力学性能,结果表明:Cu/Ni箔片做复合中间层加入时,其中加入0.02 mm厚Cu箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1754.72 N;加入0.05 mm厚Cu箔片时的最大剪切力为734.97 N,相比只添加Ni箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力反而下降。Cu箔片的添加使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生改变,同时增加了熔池的流动性。在靠近不锈钢侧的Fe-Al脆性相中的部分Fe原子被Cu原子取代生成新的二元韧性相,从而抑制Fe-Al二元脆性金属间化合物的生成,有效改善铝/钢的焊接性。因此,Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的加入,可以有效地改善铝/钢异种激光焊接过程中的冶金反应,进而提高焊接接头的力学性能。     

Feasibility study of thermo-compensated resistance brazing welding of C/C composites and T2 copper with AgCuTi filler metal

The dissimilar materials joining of C/C composites to T2 copper were performed successfully by thermo-compensated Resistance Brazing Welding (RBW) with AgCuTi filler powder. The interfacial microstructure, phase composition, and shear strength of the resistance brazed joints were investigated by the relevant analysis method. Experiment results indicated that the order affecting the shear strength of the C/C-Cu joint was welding current, welding pressure, and welding time in turn. The shear strength of backward thermo-compensated RBW was higher than that of forward thermo-compensated RBW due to the Peltier effect. The maximum shear strength of the C/C-Cu joint was 11.56 MPa in the optimized welding parameter with welding current of 8.0 kA, welding time of 60 ms, and welding pressure of 0.10 MPa by backward thermo-compensated RBW. The interface structure at the resistance brazed joint with this welding parameter was C/C composites/TiC/Cu (s.s)/T2 copper. The TiC phase was verified at the interface of the brazed joint by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Considerable fractures occurred in the C/C composites and partial fracture occurred at the interfacial reaction layer.     

Joining of SiO2 ceramic and TC4 alloy by nanoparticles modified brazing filler metal

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles modified AgCuNi filler was adopted to braze the SiO₂ ceramic and TC4. The effects of filler size as well as the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the joints were investigated. Nanoscale filler reduced the phases dimension and promoted the homogeneous distribution of microstructure, obtaining a higher joint strength when compared to microscale filler. The increase of brazing temperature made the accelerating dissolution and diffusion of Ti, which promoted the increase of thickness of Ti₄O₇ + TiSi₂ layer adjacent to SiO₂ ceramic and diffusion layer zone nearby TC4 alloy. The hypoeutectic structure was produced in the brazing seam due to the high Ti content. The maximum shear strength of ∼40 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min.     

双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合焊接工艺

针对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合热源焊接工艺进行了初步的研究.通过试验分析了双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合焊接过程中激光功率、电弧电流、热源间距以及焊接速度等工艺参数对焊缝熔深、熔宽的影响.结果表明,双焦点激光-TIG电弧复合热源在一定程度上可以提高焊接速度、焊接质量,降低装配精度,是一种很有应用前景的焊接工艺方法.