飞机机载维护系统的设计考虑

飞机机载维护系统的主要目标是支持客户要求的飞机检修,以达到最小的维修成本和操作成本,达到最大的操作可靠性,因此在飞机设计中需要考虑如何设计机载维护系统。从机载维护系统的设计理念、系统安全与维护、飞机机载维护系统(OMS)故障处理、系统接口、维护处理、人机接口进行了探讨,希望能让读者更好地了解飞机机载维护系统,扩展设计思路,设计更好的机载维护系统。     

飞机维修信息管理系统

基于机载中央维护系统(CMS),提出了飞机维修信息管理系统(AMIMS),以进一步提高飞机的安全性,降低维修和运行成本;并详细讨论了AMIMS的组成、功能、关键技术及其解决途径。     

浅析民用飞机先进维修计划的制订

安全、可靠和经济性是制定维修计划的中心点,维修计划也是一切维修活动的指导性文件。面对民用航空产业竞争的加剧,航空公司已很难增加盈利水平,但却可以利用先进的维修计划有效降低维修成本,从而间接提高盈利水平。本文从MSG-3分析,直接维修成本（DMC）预估及技术支持角度,讲述了如何在设计过程中系统地为新型飞机制定先进的维修计...     

Generic training for ATE technicians

It is argued that the job of an automatic test equipment (ATE) technician is evolving toward that of a computer operator. The technician has automatic tools (test programs) written for every replaceable unit in his test set. The technician selects which test is run. During the test the technician is presented results and given options if a test fails. If the option called out by the test program does not fix the problem, the technician must go back into his tool box (his library of test programs) and select the right tool to do the job. This is true for a technician working on any piece of ATE. It is contended that training for these technicians should be centered around troubleshooting skills with initially less emphasis on the hardware implementation details. These skills could be developed with a genetic trainer     

基于动态故障树的故障隔离程序分析方法

传统的故障隔离程序采用常规静态故障树进行故障分析，可能会导致故障原因分析不全、故障隔离路径过于繁琐等问题。提出基于系统原理和动态故障树进行故障隔离程序分析的方法，以某飞机防火系统引气导管过热探测系统故障为实例，进行系统设计原理和故障告警逻辑分析，引入动态逻辑门，构建具有顺序相关、功能相关和备份关系的动态故障树；在此基础上进行关联故障分析和排故流程图转化。结果表明：该方法能系统地、全面地反映故障触发逻辑，提供快速、准确、有效的故障隔离程序，提高飞机维修保障水平，在复杂飞机系统的航线维修领域具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。     

航空继电器适应性故障诊断系统

为了减少目前航空继电器用于发现和修理故障的费用,建立了基于规则、事实以及其自身经验的一个专家系统--适应性诊断系统(ADS).该系统利用推理对航空继电器检测和替换顺序进行了优化,节约费用约50%.     

基于灰色网络分析法的某型飞机机务保障能力评估研究

机务保障能力的评估研究,对于战斗力的形成和保持有着重要的意义。本文构建了机务保障能力评估体系的网络结构模型,在此基础上运用灰色网络综合评估方法,建立某型飞机机务保障能力灰色网络评估模型,并用实例进行验证,为全面系统的评估机务保障能力提供了一种新的途径。     

数字孪生及其在航空航天中的应用

数字孪生已引起国内外的广泛重视，可看作是连接物理世界和数字世界的纽带。其通过建立物理系统的数字模型、实时监测系统状态并驱动模型动态更新实现系统行为更准确的描述与预报，从而在线优化决策与反馈控制。本文分析表明数字孪生体相比一般的模拟模型，具有集中性、动态性和完整性的突出特点。数字孪生的发展需要复杂系统建模、传感与监测、大数据、动态数据驱动分析与决策和数字孪生软件平台技术的支撑。在航空航天领域，数字孪生可应用于飞行器的设计研发、制造装配和运行维护。重点讨论了应用机身数字孪生进行寿命预测与维护决策的案例，相比于周期性维护，具有检修次数更少、维护成本更低的优势。最后，给出了数字孪生在空间站、可重复使用飞船的地面伴飞系统中的初步应用框架。     

Electronic Logbook for Space System Integration & Test Operations

In the highly technological aerospace world, paper is still widely used to document space system integration and test (I&T) operations. E-Logbook (electronic logbook) is a new technology designed to replace current documentation processes of space system I&T operations, such as connector mate and demate, flight hardware and flight software component installation, material mixes or electronic ground support equipment (EGSE) validation. It also includes new documentation concepts, such as the shift log, which improves project awareness and optimizes the shift hand-over process, and the configuration log, which instantly reports on the global I&T state of the space system and greatly enhances information gathering prior to major test events or project reviews. The design of E-Logbook focuses not only on a reliable and efficient relational database, but also on an ergonomic human-computer interactive (HCI) system of graphical user interfaces (GUI) that can help reduce human error and improve I&T discipline and management oversight. E-Logbook has been used for the I&T of the large area telescope (LAT) of the gamma-ray large area space telescope (GLAST) scientific satellite at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). After 19 months of operation, more than 41,000 records have been created for the different documentation components or I&T Logs, with no data having been corrupted or critically lost. 94% of the operators and 100% of the management exposed to E-Logbook prefer it to paper logbooks and recommend its use in the aerospace industry.     

微波着陆地面设备维护计算机软件系统研究

维护计算机是微波着陆系统（MIS）地面设备的重要附属设备。针对微波着陆系统地面设备维护计算机的具体需求,详细分析了微波着陆系统地面设备维护计算机与相关台站的信息交互关系,介绍了维护计算机软件模块组成、通信协议、实现流程及实现的主要关键技术。该软件已成功运行于某微波着陆系统中。     

基于RBF网络的航空装备维修保障能力评估

维修保障能力评估工作是航空装备全系统全寿命管理的一项重要内容.科学精确的维修保障能力评估方法是实现航空装备精确化保障的基础,对促进航空装备的信息化建设具有重要的意义.首先建立了航空装备维修保障能力评估指标体系,确定了关键要素指标,然后建立了基于RBF神经网络的航空装备维修保障能力评估模型,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

虚拟桌面技术研究与应用

IT技术的发展使得计算机的硬件系统环境与用户的实际使用环境相互分离,为了实现用户可以对计算机系统进行远程维护和管理,同时在节约计算机系统管理成本、降低设备功耗和提高可管理性方面,虚拟桌面技术能够很好满足这些需求。主要分析虚拟桌面技术的关键技术以及解决方案,并对虚拟桌面技术进行展望。     

Improving Avionics Fiber Optic Network Reliability & Maintainability

Work is ongoing at NAVAIR to understand how avionics fiber optic BIT technology can help reduce military aviation platform fiber optic network life cycle and total ownership cost. Operational availability enhancements via comprehensive supportability programs combined with keen attentiveness to reliability and maintainability metrics are driving the avionics fiber optic BIT value proposition. Avionics fiber optic BIT technology is expected to reduce failure rate and mean time to repair by predicting link failure before link failure actually occurs, running post-maintenance stress screening upon aircraft start-up, improving fault isolation by reducing the troubleshooting ambiguity zone from three to one, and reducing the need for separate support equipment for system troubleshooting     

Role of BIT in support system maintenance and availability

The role of built in test (BIT) in electronic systems has grown in prominence with the advances in system complexity and concern over maintenance lifecycle costs of large systems. In an environment where standards drive system designs (and provide an avenue for focused advancement in technology), standards for BIT are very much in an evolutionary state. The reasons for advancing the effectiveness of BIT include reduced support overhead, greater, confidence in operation, and increased system availability. The cost of supporting military electronic systems (avionics, communications, and weapons systems) has driven much of the development in BIT technology. But what about the systems that support these end items that contain test and measurement instrumentation - such as automatic test equipment (ATE), simulators and avionics development suites? There has also been a beneficial effect on the maintenance and availability of these systems due to the infusion of BIT into their component assemblies. But the effect has been much more sporadic and fragmented. This paper looks at the state of BIT in test and measurement instruments, explain its affect on system readiness, and present ideas on how to improve BIT technologies and standards. This will not provide definitive answers to BIT development questions, since the factors that affect it are specific to the instrument itself. The topics covered in this paper are: definitions of built-in test, instrument BIT history, importance of BIT fault coverage and isolation in support systems, overview of BIT development process issues that limit the effectiveness of BIT Standards related to instrument BIT, making BIT more effective in support system maintenance and availability and conclusions.     

Engineering in a virtual environment

The authors review virtual environment technology and its application to the aerospace industry. Virtual environment systems have three components: sensors, effectors, and interlinkage hardware and software. Virtual environment tools used by the aerospace industry include the Multi-dimensional, User-oriented, Synthetic Environment (MUSE); Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE); and Immersadesk. Engineering applications include design and manufacture of aerospace systems, maintenance, and repair.     

Generic Integrated Maintenance Diagnostics

Maintenance Support for a weapon system involves both preventive and corrective maintenance actions. Preventive maintenance is normally associated with mechanical equipment, and requires prognostic maintenance techniques to predict failures before they occur. Corrective maintenance is more closely associated with electronic equipment, and requires diagnostic maintenance techniques to detect and isolate failures after they occur. To pursue a systems approach to weapon system maintenance using both prognostics and diagnostics, the Air Force has initiated a program entitled, ``Generic Integrated Maintenance Diagnostics (GIMADs)'. This paper provides insight into the GIMADS program at Aeronautical Systems Division.     

基于FTA的飞机空调组件关断的故障分析

为迅速准确地确定飞机空调系统故障源,提高航线排故效率,针对B737飞机空调组件关断的故障,介绍了故障树建立的依据和方法,引入最小割集概念定性分析主要的故障模式;在综合考虑空调系统历史故障数据、零部件的可靠性、维修实践经验和部件更换方便性等信息的基础上,列出了排故顺序和排故措施,最后根据各类事件发生的概率,利用结构函数定量分析了顶事件发生的概率;所建立的空调系统故障树可迅速准确地确定故障源,在实际的航线排故过程中已得到了初步验证。该故障树对于排除空调系统各个子系统的故障也具有一定的参考价值。     

基于CBR的民用飞机维修决策系统研究

基于CBR的智能维修决策技术,可以为新型国产飞机维修大纲制订人员提供有用的决策信息,提高制定飞机维修大纲的智能化水平和效率。研究的核心问题就是基于CBR的维修任务和维修间隔制订方法,它们为维修决策支持系统提供理论指导与核心算法。最后开发了基于CBR、以SQL Server作为后台数据库管理系统的民用飞机维修决策系统,并以新舟600（MA600）飞机ATA32起落架系统组件为实例进行验证,效果良好。     

某型民机电源系统发电机控制器一体化测试系统研制

随着多电飞机、全电飞机高速发展,对民机电源系统各控制部件,尤其对发电机控制器（GCU）提出更高的质量要求和测试系统建设需要。为降低测试系统技术输入难度和后续能力扩展费用,提升我国民机系统核心部件的部件级测试水平,首先比对了国内外民机主制造商在部件级测试领域的能力现状,然后详细分析了某型民机电源系统发电机控制器的结构功能、技术指标,最后从该发电机控制器的测试需求出发,提出一种通用化、标准化、模块化的一体化测试系统,通过建立电源系统核心部件功能、性能验证及排故、维修能力,力求覆盖入厂接收检验严格管控、总装地面功能试验高效排故、外场运营维护快速响应多应用场景测试要求,最终实现我国民机测试保障体系的建设目标。     

飞机故障的运行后果及成本分析方法

系统故障的运行后果分析技术是飞机运行可靠性分析的重要分支,可为维修任务的成本效益分析提供有力支撑。为了研究飞机系统故障对运行后果及成本的影响,从系统故障运行后果的相关性分析入手,首先,梳理飞机系统故障类型和放行情况对运行后果的影响;然后,结合航线维修现行做法及事件树思想提出一种支持评估飞机系统故障的运行后果及其相关成本的方法,建立基于飞机系统故障的运行后果与成本评估模型;最后,以某型号飞机燃油系统为例,验证所提方法的可行性和适用性。结果表明：本文所提方法合理有效,可为评估故障运行后果提供支持,为飞机的设计、运行和维护提供一定的参考。