现代民用飞机机载维护系统基线功能研究

现代民用飞机机载维护系统是飞机信息集中和处理的中枢,机载维护系统的先进性决定了民用飞机航电系统的先进性。随着机载电子化技术的发展,主流的民机机载维护系统的基线功能主要包括中央维护功能、飞机状态监控功能以及通信管理功能。对实现上述功能所需的基线功能及架构开展研究,对指导国产民用飞机机载维护系统设计、提升飞机安全性、可靠性和维护性至关重要。     

民用飞机机载维护系统的发展与研究

机载维护系统为整架飞机提供集中式维护。对机载维护系统做了基础的功能分析与介绍,并以国外先进飞机为例,对系统做了进一步的详细描述。维护系统以工程单元和英文可读文本的形式显示信息,并具备直观的图形用户界面。目前国内民机所采用的维护系统与国外先进水平还有一定的差距,应采用更加先进的思想与技术,快速有效的对飞机进行日常维护和故障检测,提高飞机服务效率,降低维修成本。     

C-17先进自动交互式维护系统

文章所述的先进的机载交互式维护系统（AAIMS）概念,包含那些采集、关联和处理飞行过程数据的机载信息系统以及远离飞机的地面工作站信息处理系统两个方面;自动查询程序;提供每架飞机历史飞行数据以及整个飞机联队飞行信息;提供交互式的人机界面。（AAIMS）系统的目的是提高任务效率、减少寿命周期费用和每个飞行小时所耗费维护工时以及减少飞机周转时间。AAIMS也为交互式维护数据系统（IMDS）界面提供数据采集的装置。     

机载电源检测系统的设计

设计了适合某种机型飞机的电源检测系统,阐述了机载电源检测系统的总体结构、组成原理以及系统的抗干扰措施,实现了飞机保养维护过程中机载电源的故障检测、定位、记录、报警功能,具有体积小、操作方便、故障定位准确、及时等特点。     

基于ACMS报文实时监控与QAR数据分析的飞机排故应用

飞机飞行过程中各机载系统的参数被实时监控、采集和记录,这些数据既可以通过ACARS数据链路．按照预先定义的逻辑条件以实时ACMS文的形式下传;也可以存储在机载WQAR设备中,在飞机落地之后自动下发。研发飞机实时监控与维护专家系统,通过对ACMS报文和QAR数据的综合应用．以达到准确判断飞机技术状态的目的。     

飞机维护信息产生逻辑的解析

目前飞机故障诊断领域的研究多从飞机故障数据起始,对飞机故障如何产生和处理少有涉及。若缺乏对源头数据的分析,很难将故障诊断模型与机载故障触发逻辑有效匹配。为此,提出要采取飞机故障诊断模型和机载系统设计思路相吻合的故障诊断模型设计方法,对机载系统的故障产生逻辑和处理方法进行了解析,为下一步故障诊断奠定基础。     

飞机维修信息管理系统

基于机载中央维护系统(CMS),提出了飞机维修信息管理系统(AMIMS),以进一步提高飞机的安全性,降低维修和运行成本;并详细讨论了AMIMS的组成、功能、关键技术及其解决途径。     

基于半实物仿真的航空电子装备维护训练系统设计

针对新型机载电子装备维护训练中缺乏实装、无法设置故障等难题,提出了一种基于半实物仿真的训练系统,该系统具有与实装一致的外形和结构,能进行真实度很高的外部检查和拆卸安装训练;具有与实装一致的仿真电路和显控面板,能仿真飞机座舱的通电操作,可灵活设置故障进行排故训练并对训练效果自动评估,该系统可为部队地勤人员一线外场维护的培训提供良好训练条件。     

波音787航电系统及其维护保障

<正>波音787梦想飞机电子系统综合模块化的航电平台,以及基于航电平台的中央维护系统和数据管理,都是新一代飞机电子新技术的创新和体现。波音787航电基础平台波音787飞机在电子技术应用上的一个创新是引入了电子系统综合模块化概念——公共核心系统(CCS),将传统的机载组件LRU升级为通用处理模块(GPM),将飞机上多个系统的LRU功能整合在一个公共计算资源(CCR)柜内的通用处理模块中,大大减少了飞机组件的数量,实现了资源的最大化利用,如图1所示。     

民用飞机机载维护系统的中央维护功能

描述和分析了民用飞机机载维护系统的中央维护功能,并针对当前模块化航空电子系统发展趋势提出了国产民用飞机机载维护系统的初步研发建议。     

军机两级维修费用效益预测

维修费用估算是军用飞机寿命周期费用估算的重要组成部分。将三级维修体制简化为两级维修,可节省维修财力并提高战备完好性。引入灰色系统GM（1,1）模型理论,建立了转换维修体制后的财力节省预测模型,以美空军实际节省的财力数据为例进行预测,经多种精度检验表明,模型的可信性较高。     

民用飞机直接维修成本分配模型研究

降低民用飞机直接维修成本是提高飞机经济性、增强市场竞争力的重要途径。以民用飞机研制阶段在很大程度上决定其维修成本的高低为背景,在分析相关文献研究成果的基础上,构建可反映民用飞机成本特性的设计参数结构层次图,基于 TOPSIS-灰色关联法计算类似机型的相对相似度,进行民用飞机直接维修成本分配;将类似机型典型系统直接维修成...     

微波着陆地面设备维护计算机软件系统研究

维护计算机是微波着陆系统（MIS）地面设备的重要附属设备。针对微波着陆系统地面设备维护计算机的具体需求,详细分析了微波着陆系统地面设备维护计算机与相关台站的信息交互关系,介绍了维护计算机软件模块组成、通信协议、实现流程及实现的主要关键技术。该软件已成功运行于某微波着陆系统中。     

A formal approach using SysML for capturing functional requirements in avionics domain

In this work, a Model-Based Systems Engineering approach based on SysML is proposed. This approach is used for the capture and the definition of functional requirements in avionics domain. The motivation of this work is triple: guide the capture of functional requirements, validate these functional requirements through functional simulation, and verify efficiently the consistency of these functional requirements. The proposed approach is decomposed into several steps that are detailed to go from conceptual model of avionics domain to a formal functional model that can be simulated in its operating context. To achieve this work, a subset of SysML has been used as an intermediate modelling language to ensure progressive transformation that can be understood and agreed by system stakeholders. Formal concepts are introduced to ensure theoretical consistency of the approach. In addition, transformation rules are defined and the mappings between concepts of ARP4754A civil aircraft guidelines and SysML are formalized through meta-model. The resulting formalization enables engineers to perform functional simulation of the top-level functional architecture extracted from operational scenarios. Finally, the approach has been tested on an industrial avionics system called the Onboard Maintenance System.     

基于CBR的民用飞机维修决策系统研究

基于CBR的智能维修决策技术,可以为新型国产飞机维修大纲制订人员提供有用的决策信息,提高制定飞机维修大纲的智能化水平和效率。研究的核心问题就是基于CBR的维修任务和维修间隔制订方法,它们为维修决策支持系统提供理论指导与核心算法。最后开发了基于CBR、以SQL Server作为后台数据库管理系统的民用飞机维修决策系统,并以新舟600（MA600）飞机ATA32起落架系统组件为实例进行验证,效果良好。     

Modular Stores Management System

Advanced Military aircraft operational requirements demand an ever increasing variety and quantity of Stores, coupled with continuous improvement in mission success, safety of operation, aircrew and groundcrew workload, interoperability and ground support facilities. Until now these ever more demanding requirements have been met by costly customized stores management system designs. GEC Avionics has surveyed the potential SMS requirements of a comprehensive range of aircraft and weapon types, in order to define a universal SMS design concept based on system availability, integrity and reliability, operational functions, peripheral interfaces and maintenance/human factors. This advanced concept not only includes provision for all existing weapon types but also has growth potential for the evolving MIL-STD-1760 weapon interfaces. System interface requirements have been rationalized in order to achieve a Modular Stores Management System (MSMS) design based on major factors such as cost, mission requirements and customer specifications. The key work for a successful MSMS design is flexibility and GEC Avionics has evolved a set of standard modules which can be packaged to satisfy specific customer needs. Typically, the standard modules provide over 80% of the hardware in every Stores Management application. The MSM concept features much reduced development costs and timescales, commonality between aircraft types minimizing parts inventory, VLSI technology providing high reliability and a common product support and maintenance philosophy. The MSM design offers a highly cost effective low risk concept for meeting the needs of modernization and new aircraft programs.     

民用飞机襟翼下沉铰链机构维护成本分析研究

民用飞机襟翼下沉铰链机构是一种被广泛采用的收放运动机构,其维护成本对运营经济性影响较大。针对民用飞机襟翼下沉铰链机构维护成本预计与实际运营差距较大的问题,基于MSG-3（Maintenance Steering Group 3）分析法提出一种维护成本预计方法。以损伤容限分析结果为参考数据,通过MSG-3 分析得到襟翼下沉铰链机构的检查方法、门槛值和检查间隔;根据维护任务的性质和来源,建立直接维护成本预计模型,对襟翼下沉铰链机构维护成本进行预计;以具体机型的襟翼下沉铰链机构为例,验证维护成本预计方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明：本文提出的维护成本预计方法能够较为全面地预计机体结构维护成本,相对其他方法更贴近实际运营。     

Application of Analytic Redundancy-based Fault Diagnosis of Sensors to Onboard Maintenance System

Analytic redundancy-based fault diagnosis technique (ARFDT) is applied to onboard maintenance system (OMS). The principle of the proposed ARFDT scheme is to design a redundancy configuration using ARFDT to enhance the functions of redundancy management and built in test equipment (BITE) monitor. Redundancy configuration for dual-redundancy and analytic redundancy is proposed, in which, the fault diagnosis includes detection and isolation. In order to keep the balance between rapid diagnosis and binary hypothesis, a filter together with an elapsed time limit is designed for sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the process of isolation. Diagnosis results would be submitted to central maintenance computer (CMC) together with BITE information. Moreover, by adopting reconstruction, the designed method not only provides analytic redundancy to help redundancy management, but also compensates the output when both of the sensors of the same type are faulty. Our scheme is applied to an aircraft’s sensors in a simulation experiment, and the results show that the proposed filter SPRT (FSPRT) saves at least 50% of isolation time than Wald SPRT (WSPRT). Also, effectiveness, practicability and rapidity of the proposed scheme can be successfully achieved in OMS.     

复杂退化系统的组合维修策略优化

由于现有视情维修研究中没有考虑定期维护的影响,无法准确反映定期维护下的系统性能退化规律,因而不利于合理制定定期维护与视情维修组合的维修策略。针对该问题,重点开展了该组合维修策略下的性能退化建模与维修决策研究。通过结合组合维修策略下的性能退化特点,从失效机理出发,利用复合Poisson过程建立了性能退化模型,并通过退化强度函数描述了仅恢复累积性能退化量而不改变性能退化规律的维修效果。同时,分析了该条件下的可靠度函数,说明了其具有阶梯型变化和突变性的特性。基于性能退化模型,建立了长期运行条件下以费用率最低为目标、失效风险为约束的组合维修决策优化模型,并求解确定了最优维护周期和预防性维修阈值。通过数值分析,描述了费用率随维修策略值变化的规律,说明了优化解的存在性。同时,通过与系统自身寿命规律比较,说明采用该优化模型,可以有效地延长系统的使用时间,实时控制失效概率,确保其具有较高的安全等级,进而有效地降低维修费用。