惯性导航系统仿真试验研究

惯性导航系统是通过测量加速度自动推算飞机速度和位置数据的自主式导航设备,其作用是保证飞机按预定的航线飞行,准确地抵达目的地。在航空电子设备试验中,采用惯导仿真器可以减少测试的复杂性,而且还能获得更好的动态效果。本文介绍了惯导系统功能控制逻辑和显示画面的验证方法,同时还介绍了仿真器的软件编制技术。     

发展单兵星敏导航装备的必要性及技术特点

星光导航不受电磁干扰、能提供绝对姿态信息，具有重大战略意义。目前的星敏主要是为空天基导航而发展的，将其应用于单兵导航是否必要、需克服哪些技术难点、能达到怎样的效果等，都是值得探索的问题。为此，首先论述了发展单兵星敏导航装备的必要性，包括：不受电磁干扰破坏，是其他单兵导航装备失效时的保底装备；定向精度高，能弥补单兵卫星导航装备无法定向的缺陷；已突破部分气象因素限制，具备了全天时导航条件等。然后探讨了单兵星敏导航与空天基星敏导航、卫星导航、天文大地测量等比较所具有的不同技术特点。提出了发展单兵星敏导航装备需解决的关键技术问题，包括：气象因素影响的消减、时间基准和电源的长期维持、系统探测性能与系统小型化的平衡等。研究结果可为发展单兵星敏导航技术、设计研制单兵星敏导航系统提供参考。     

一种无人机推测导航(DR)抗侧风控制策略

随着无人机应用领域的不断扩大，要求无人机在GPS信号失效时仍然能够保证一定的航迹跟随性能。在不给现役无人机增加其他的硬件配置的前提下，本文采用推测导航作为唯一的导航手段，并针对影响推测导航 精度的侧风扰动，研究了一种对抗侧风的控制策略。该策略的实质就是将普通的PID控制律改为一种容错控制律。仿真结果表明，这种控制策略在无人机作直线航迹跟踪时，效果十分理想。     

自主攻击型无人机的导引技术研究

针对无人机执行攻击任务前的攻击导引问题,从导引信息的获取、导引控制策略和导引控制律三个方面进行分析。选取光电平台为侦察设备,并具体分析在此侦察设备下导引信息的获取途径。在无人机控制过程中分析比较了两种导引控制策略,指出适合自主控制的导引控制策略并加以改进。在导引控制律方面,对目前广泛使用的比例导引律进行研究,且根据导引律的指令需求在无人机模型上实现了过载控制。     

美军机载导航设备及其发展

美军在确定其军事导航定位和机载设备基本要求的基础上,突出导航能力的全球性、高精度和可靠性,对不同作战用途的飞机配置了不同的导航系统。介绍美军战斗机、攻击机、轰炸机、预警和指挥飞机装备的主要导航设备,主要性能参数和战术技术指标,分析美军机载导航设备研究方向和发展趋势,对我军与美军在机载导航设备的差异进行比较并分析差距,提出发展建议。     

一种辅助型盲降遥控设备语音报警器设计与实现

针对NM7000型盲降设备原装遥控器报警音过小,并且又是集中安装与监控,从而不利于监控室值班人员及时监听和发现故障设备这一问题,设计出一种基于单片机语音技术的辅助型报警系统。该套系统与原装遥控器完全兼容,在放大报警音同时并能准确播报出故障设备,更有利于监控室值班人及时准确掌握设备运行状态,保证导航质量。该系统已经成功在重庆江北机场运行。     

第一视角飞行模式设计与无人机着陆试验研究

设计了一种第一视角飞行模式,同时观察图像与导航数据来控制无人机飞行并实现着陆.第一视角飞行是一种基于无人机上加装无线图像传输设备,在地面看屏幕操控无人机的操作模式.无人机操纵员通过观察前视探测器拍摄的图像和导航数据控制遥控器,地面控制站捕捉遥控器的输出信号并把该信号通过数据链传至机载飞控系统,从而实现对无人机的控制.该飞行模式的实现,提高了无人机飞行的机动性,突破了小型无人机只能在本场着陆的限制,使无人机可以在远离本场情况下安全着陆.     

Application of the Concept of Referenced Radio Navigation

This paper discusses referenced radio navigation, the concept whereby monitoring stations at known locations are used to calibrate out systematic errors in a navigation system. This concept is implemented by broadcasting calibration data to the navigating user for application as real-time corrections to the position fixes made by the user's basic navigation equipment. A method is suggested for the automatic transmission and receiver processing of the correction data. Referenced radio navigation overcomes many of the shortcomings generally associated with long-distance navigation systems, and can increase accuracy and repeatability significantly. The concept is particularly applicable to global navigation systems such as OMEGA, in which propagation or synchronization errors can contribute substantially to the system error budget.     

综合导航系统信息融合模拟仿真平台设计CSCD

为解决综导系统的信息融合问题,设计了一种新型的综导系统信息融合模拟仿真研究平台。平台包括综导信息融合模拟评估导调台、惯性类导航设备模拟器、非惯性类导航设备模拟器、综合导航模拟器、电子海图系统和数据分析服务器六大模块。导调台采取一种新的船舶运动参数发生器模拟生成多种海况条件下船舶运动参数;综合导航模拟器采取多种融合算法并行运行方式,以方便比较不同算法的性能;数据分析服务器采用高性能计算机模拟公共计算环境,可研究适应未来船舶软硬件计算资源的信息融合方法。系统测试表明,基于平台的导航信息融合流程和效果满足要求,所设计的平台系统功能正常,可直接用于舰船信息融合算法的设计、分析、测试评估等工程研发工作。     

平台式惯性导航系统在线可靠性评估技术

平台式惯性导航系统是现代导航的重要设备,由于其所处环境和制造工艺各不相同,导致各个体之间的可靠性有着明显的差异。如果对收集到的性能误差数据进行统一处理,无法准确地反映个体之间的差异性,不利于掌握平台式惯性导航系统个体的可靠性规律。针对该问题,对平台式惯性导航系统的在线可靠性评估方法进行了重点研究。结合平台式惯性导航系统使用过程中的性能变化特点和失效机理,利用复合Poisson过程建立了其性能退化模型,并给出了性能参数评估方法。通过算例分析,说明建立的性能退化模型能够较好地描述平台式惯性导航系统的性能退化规律,有助于掌握平台式惯性导航系统的可靠性水平。     

一种新的高精度天文导航方法

介绍了一种新的高精度天文导航方法,该方法构建了在天球坐标系中的天文导航姿态与航向解算模型。该模型在不利用惯导姿态数据的前提下进行计算,通过构建的模型演变得到运载体的精确姿态及航向,可以有效校正惯导设备因惯性陀螺漂移而导致的姿态误差与航向误差。     

XDF-196电子飞行仪表系统

电子飞行仪表系统是K8飞机的主导航设备,它将来自机载传感器的各种信息综合处理,进行导航计算,并产生各种导航方式下的显示画面和字符,在多功能显示器上进行显示,完成导航训练所有飞行科目。     

Avionics for manned spacecraft

The author describes the avionic equipment for manned spacecraft, past, present, and future. He treats the four classic avionic systems-crew interface, flight control, navigation, and communication-and adds a fifth called subsystem management which refers to the monitoring and reconfiguration of equipment when faults occur. He starts by describing the functions of spacecraft avionics in general. He then discusses what he considers to have been the first manned spacecraft, the X-15. He continues with the early US and Soviet spacecraft (including their space stations), the US shuttle, and the European Spacelab. He concludes with projections for the avionics in future manned spacecraft, such as the US Space Station, a lunar base, and planetary explorers     

AGV技术发展综述

AGV是现代自动化物流系统中的关键设备之一,它以电池为动力,装备有电磁或光学等自动导引装置,能够独立自动寻址,并通过计算机系统控制完成无人驾驶作业.本文总结概括了AGV的发展概况,介绍了AGV的工作原理和应用领域,论述了AGV的关键技术及最新技术成果,为今后进一步设计出更好的AGV提供了参考.     

Fiber-optic gyros and quartz accelerometers for motion control

In article the opportunity of use strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) on the base of fiber-optic gyroscopes and quartz accelerometers corrected from star sensors and satellite navigation equipment (SNE) for perspective interplanetary spacecrafts motion control on phases of interplanetary trajectory insertion, trajectory correction, and braking during transition to Mars orbit is investigated. Results of onboard control complex accuracy characteristics estimation are presented at the given dynamic spacecraft scheme which is taking into account the liquid oscillations in tanks and structure elements elasticity. At modelling the errors of measuring devices installation, errors of SINS initial alignment and instrumental errors of SINS sensitive elements, variation of control engines parameters were taken into account. The structure of the developed complex of imitation modelling of interplanetary spacecraft controlled motion is resulted. Estimations of active flight legs realization accuracy were received by a method of statistical modelling of spacecraft controlled motion     

An introduction to Loran

The history of the Loran hyperbolic navigation program as an example of the efficient mass production of research and development under the National Defense Research Committee is described. The fundamental concepts of hyperbolic navigation are addressed, and some details regarding the kinds of equipment employed for transmission, reception, and interpretation of pulse signals for this service are given. The potential usefulness of hyperbolic navigation is discussed, and some devices that will simplify the navigation of the future and enhance its reliability are suggested. The immediate organizational problems facing the program are indicated     

Navigating towards the future: transitioning from terrestrial radio navigation to satellite navigation and airborne surveillance

This paper presents a proposal for transitioning from terrestrial-based navigation aids to implementing satellite and airborne surveillance as the primary navigation means. The transition occurs through several steps. First, the installation and use of modern navigation and surveillance equipment is mandated by the regulatory organizations. The installations should take place in a sequenced fashion to allow time for companies to absorb the initial cost. Next, the existing network of terrestrial navigation aids is down-sized leaving only the areas of heaviest use in service. At this point, the global positioning system (GPS) will be deemed the primary method of terrestrial and oceanic travel. Finally, terrestrial navigation stations will be available around airports and the remaining stations will be put in a standby condition for use in the event of a national emergency. This paper will discuss the security benefits and examples of cost savings through implementation of these steps.     

Optimum Integration of Aircraft Navigation Systems

A current problem in aircraft navigation is determining how to effect alow cost navigation system consistent with required mission operationswhich will render a high degree of accuracy and reliability. One wayto achieve this is through optimum integration of equipment,subsystems, and computer mechanizations. Consistent with this approach,the overall objectives of this paper are to show the advantages of anoptimally integrated aircraft navigation system, and to illustrate howto effect a low cost navigation system with high accuracy performance.An integrated aircraft navigation system employing a Kalman optimumestimation filter is configured and analyzed in detail. The results ofthe analysis clearly indicate how to achieve high accuracy performanceusing low cost subsystems; namely, via optimum systems integration.     

Development of 1000-mHz Distance Measuring Equipment

The major radio aids to air navigation are listed. Underlined are those whose signal format is standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and they have now all been the subject of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Pioneer Award, as follows: airborne direction finder/nondirectional beacon (ADF/NDB), Busignies and Moseley, 1959; VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), Stuart, 1962; instrument landing system (ILS), Kramar 1964, Alford 1965; air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS), Williams, Bowden, and Harris, 1973; distance measuring equipment (DME), Dodington, 1980. A brief history of the development of the distance measuring equipment, which also formed the basis for an IEEE National Aerospace Electronics Conference luncheon address, is given.     

一种对GPS/INS组合导航的曳引式拉偏干扰

为解决GPS/INS组合导航对抗难题,提出一种针对GPS/INS组合导航的曳引式拉偏干扰方法。通过干扰设备产生欺骗干扰信号,使GPS/INS组合中的GPS接收机输出与其实际位置逐渐偏离的导航定位数据,当偏离误差无法被组合导航纠正时发生曳引式拉偏干扰。文中给出干扰方法的定义、信号形式、简化形式,通过半实物仿真实验证明其有效性并对其干扰效果进行了分析。