硅氮烷环体的催化聚合及热解制备Si3 N4 材料

采用甲基氢二氯硅烷的氨解产物硅氮烷环体(MHSZ)为原料,以四丁基氟化铵为催化剂,制备了高分子量的硅氮烷聚合物(PHSZ),结合红外、核磁、凝胶色谱仪和热重分析了反应时间对合成的PHSZ结构、组成、分子量和陶瓷产率的影响。考察了低温氨气,高温N2气氛处理工艺对热解产物结构和组成的影响。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,PHSZ高聚物的分子量提高,热失重降低;采用该热解方式PHSZ可转化为含碳量仅为0.5wt%的Si3N4材料,热解样品在1 600℃时完全结晶,晶相主要是α-Si3N4。     

碳化锆液相陶瓷前驱体的制备及陶瓷化

以聚锆氧烷PNZ 为锆源、炔丙基酚醛PN 为碳源制备了一种ZrC 液相陶瓷前驱体PNZ-PN,该前
驱体经1 600℃热解能够转化为高度结晶的ZrC 陶瓷。通过FT-IR、DSC、TGA 对前驱体的固化过程及固化样
的热失重行为进行了分析;通过XRD、元素分析和SEM 对热解产物的晶相组成及微观形貌进行了分析。结果
表明:1 200℃以下,热解产物主要是ZrO2,1 400℃时开始发生碳热还原反应出现结晶度较小的ZrC,经1 600℃
热解后可完全转化为ZrC;PN 的加入量会影响热解过程中陶瓷样品的ZrO2 晶相及1 600℃热解产物的碳含量,
通过调整PN 的加入量最终可得到自由碳含量1. 66%、近似纯相的ZrC 陶瓷;得到的陶瓷粒子Zr、C 元素分布
均匀、粒径主要分布为100 ~200 nm。     

SiBCN陶瓷前驱体热解机理研究

采用固体NMR和FTIR为主要测试手段对聚硼硅氮烷(PSNB)热解过程中形成的无定型中间体结构进行表征。结合不同温度处理后产物结构的变化将SiBCN前驱体的热解过程分为如下几个阶段:在400℃以下前驱体主要发生转氨基化反应以及Si—H键和N—H键的脱氢耦合反应释放出NH_3和H_2;在400~800℃时,体系中的S—CH_3及其他烃类基团开始发生分子重排并释放出甲烷气体;800~1 000℃,产物进一步发生结构重排形成无定形网络结构。在温度达到1 000℃时体系基本完成陶瓷化转变,此时无定型陶瓷主要由三种成分组成:(1)无定形碳(石墨状);(2)平面BN相;(3)Si—C—N基体(SiC_xN_(4-x)单元,x=0,1,2,3)。     

烧结温度对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４显微结构及性能的影响

基于凝胶分子造孔机理,通过提高凝胶注模工艺中有机单体含量,制备微多孔氮化硅陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对Si3N4微多孔陶瓷烧结体的显微结构、强度、气孔率、孔径等方面的影响.结果表明,温度升高有利于β-Si3N4晶相的生成,烧结温度为1 680℃时,氮化硅陶瓷烧结体中α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4并存,当烧结温度为1 730和1 780℃时,氮化硅陶瓷烧结体的晶相全部为β-Si3N4;陶瓷烧结体的孔径均<1μm,而且孔径分布范围较窄、较均匀;随着烧结温度的提高,陶瓷烧结体的强度单调上升而气孔率下降.     

氮化硼陶瓷前驱体的制备及表征

以三氯化硼和六甲基二硅氮烷为原料制备了聚硼氮烷预聚体,再经高分子化制备了可溶的氮化硼陶瓷前驱体—聚硼氮烷.该法合成工艺简单,反应温和.采用凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热失重分析仪、元素分析等对预聚体高分子化过程中的分子量变化、高分子化机理、聚硼氮烷的裂解过程、所得陶瓷的元素组成进行了研究.结果表明,高分子化过程中主要发生了六甲基二硅氮烷脱除和转氨基反应.所得聚硼氮烷重均分子量为7 582,氮气下1 000℃时的陶瓷产率为41.6 wt％,陶瓷化转变主要发生在400～600℃,800℃时陶瓷化转变基本进行完毕,800℃氨气下裂解得到低C含量的白色氮化硼陶瓷,进一步在1 500℃氩气中裂解可得到结晶度较高的氮化硼陶瓷.     

SiBAlON陶瓷前驱体的制备与裂解

以聚铝氧烷为铝源,聚硼硅氮烷兼作硼源和硅源,共混得到SiBAlON陶瓷前驱体,经高温裂解得到SiBAlON陶瓷。采用TGA和XRD对SiBAlON前驱体的裂解行为及陶瓷产物晶相结构进行表征。结果表明,Al的引入降低了陶瓷的结晶温度,当陶瓷中的Al含量为10wt%时,1 300℃处理后析出β-Si_3N_4晶体,1 500℃时,陶瓷中的Al和O与无定型的Si-N结合生成出现Si_2N_2O和Si_3Al_3O_(3+1.5x)N_(5-x)结晶,1 700℃时Al和O与结晶的β-Si_3N_4固溶生成β’-SiAlON结晶,最终陶瓷产物晶相组成为Si_2N_2O/Si_3Al_3O_(3+1.5x)N_(5-x)/β’-SiAlON。对陶瓷的介电性能进行研究表明,温度1 000℃时,其介电常数和介电损耗较为稳定,分别约为3和0.004。     

铌酸锶钡陶瓷的固相烧结行为与结构演化研究

采用不同前驱体:Sr(NO3)2,Ba(NO3)2,Nb2O5(NSBN70)和SrCO3,BaCO3,Nb2O5(CSBN70)用传统烧结方法制备Sr0.7Ba03Nb2O6陶瓷.通过XRD、SEM实验手段,研究了硝酸盐前驱体制备过程中烧结温度和烧结时间对结构演化的影响.对比了不同前驱体制备SBN70陶瓷的显微结构.实验结果显示:采用硝酸盐前驱体,1400℃下烧结4h可得到纯SBN70相;1375℃烧结6h得到纯SBN70相.与碳酸盐前驱体相比,NSBN70呈现出双结构,比CSBN70易于出现异常晶粒长大.     

双氨源合成SiBN陶瓷前驱体及其裂解行为

以三氯化硼和甲基氢二氯硅烷为原料，通过与六甲基二硅氮烷和氨气的分步反应合成液态前驱体，在氨气中裂解脱碳得到SiBN陶瓷，改变投料比实现对前驱体陶瓷产率与元素组成的调控。采用NMR、FTIR、XRD、SEM、元素分析等方法对前驱体裂解过程及其不同温度陶瓷产物进行细致分析。结果表明，前驱体经过900 ℃氨气裂解完成陶瓷化过程，裂解产物中的硼含量超过13 %（w），经过1 400 ℃氮气或空气处理的陶瓷产物保持无定型态，具有良好的耐高温及抗氧化性。     

Y-La-Si3N4陶瓷的显微结构分析

通过采用溶液法引入烧结助剂Y2O3、La2O3的工艺，研究了热压自韧Si3N4陶瓷的显微结构特征，着重分析了烧结助剂合量及配比对材料显微结构的影响以及材料的显微组织和力学性能的关系。结果发现，自韧Si3N4陶瓷中β-Si3N4柱状晶的双峰分布特征以及显微组织的均匀性对材料的力学性能起着决定性作用。     

SiBCN 陶瓷的抗氧化性能

通过聚合物前驱体热解方法制备了SiBCN陶瓷,对其在1 200℃空气条件下的抗氧化性能进行了研究,并与前驱体法制得的SiCN陶瓷进行了比较。结果表明,SiBCN陶瓷经氧化10 h后样品氧化增重只有0.35%,并且样品中没有裂纹的出现,表现出良好的抗氧化性能。而同样条件下SiCN陶瓷氧化增重达到3.1%,样品出现裂纹。样品表面元素组成分析表明,SiBCN陶瓷表面氧化物主要以SiO2形式存在,而SiCN陶瓷表面主要以SiOx(x<2)存在。     

针对维修的设计

<正>设计,对飞机及其零部件的全寿命成本有着巨大的影响,这不仅体现在性能上,而且体现在可靠性的改进和降低维修成本等各个方面。空客英国公司的戴维?希尔领导着一个专家团队,从事空客飞机的机翼、起落架和燃油系统的维修设计工作。     

DOA estimation by exploiting the amplitude modulation induced by antenna scanning

We propose a beamsplitting-like approach to estimate the directions of arrival (DOA) of multiple radar targets present in the mainlobe of a rotating antenna. The proposed method is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) technique and it avoids the need for a difference channel by exploiting knowledge of the antenna main beam pattern. Two scenarios are considered: multiple targets with unknown deterministic complex amplitudes and multiple targets with Gaussian distributed random complex amplitudes. The performance of the proposed estimator is investigated through Monte Carlo simulation and it is compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB).     

An aerospace bracket designed by thermo-elastic topology optimization and manufactured by additive manufacturing

Combination of topology optimization and additive manufacturing technologies provides an effective approach for the development of light-weight and high-performance structures. A heavy-loaded aerospace bracket is designed by topology optimization and manufactured by additive manufacturing technology in this work. Considering both mechanical forces and temperature loads, a formulation of thermo-elastic topology optimization is firstly proposed and the sensitivity analysis is derived in detail. Then the procedure of numerical optimization design is presented and the final design is additively manufactured using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The mass of the aerospace bracket is reduced by over 18%, benefiting from topology and size optimization, and the three constraints are satisfied as well in the final design. This work indicates that the integration of thermo-elastic topology optimization and additive manufacturing technologies can be a rather powerful tool kit for the design of structures under thermal-mechanical loading.     

Characterizing wood by microwaves

Common properties of raw wood can be determined by measuring the microwave propagation in the media. Unlike early designs from the 1970s and 1980s, simple constructions with phase and attenuation recording are now possible, if optimal frequencies are selected. At K-band, most quality impairments can be detected from basic group delay measurements, e.g., knots or insect holes smaller than 5 mm are observable. Impairments can be detected from a non-parallel viewing direction     

以微米计算精度

<正>以创纪录时间实现微细结构镜面加工。GF阿奇夏米尔公司凭借MIKRON HSM 400、400U、500 LP Precision系列机床在瑞士机械制造业树立了新的里程碑。     

Stochastic Acceleration by Turbulence

The subject of this paper is stochastic acceleration by plasma turbulence, a process akin to the original model proposed by Fermi. We review the relative merits of different acceleration models, in particular the so called first order Fermi acceleration by shocks and second order Fermi by stochastic processes, and point out that plasma waves or turbulence play an important role in all mechanisms of acceleration. Thus, stochastic acceleration by turbulence is active in most situations. We also show that it is the most efficient mechanism of acceleration of relatively cool non relativistic thermal background magnetized plasma particles. In addition, it can preferentially accelerate electrons relative to protons as is needed in many astrophysical radiating sources, where usually there are no indications of presence of shocks. We also point out that a hybrid acceleration mechanism consisting of initial acceleration by turbulence of background particles followed by a second stage acceleration by a shock has many attractive features. It is demonstrated that the above scenarios can account for many signatures of the accelerated electrons, protons and other ions, in particular ³He and ⁴He, seen directly as Solar Energetic Particles and through the radiation they produce in solar flares.