A PDF multisensor multitarget tracker

A previously presented probability density function (pdf) multitarget tracker is extended to a more complex and difficult problem. The input data is bearing measurements from multiple sensors over time, which includes clutter (false alarms) and true measurements (from detected targets) with errors. Targets may be missed. The output is the real-time determination of the number of targets present and their geographic x,y location. The implementation is the recursive numerical computation of the discrete pdf of each target and is derived from the conceptual joint pdf of all targets     

The Effect of Jamming on Monopulse Accuracy

An expression is applied for the probability density function (pdf) of the monopulse ratio when skin echoes from a passive target are contaminated by interference from a jammer. The analysis is valid for arbitrary signal-to-jam ratio and arbitrary locations of the target and jammer in the beam. For an on-axis skin target and a stand-off jammer at an off-axis location, the "pulling" effect of the jammer and the accuracy of the angle estimate are compared with the approximations currently employed in radar performance analysis. The pdf of the monopulse ratio for large and for small signal-to-jam ratios is presented, showing that the pdf is bimodal at small signal-to-jam ratio.     

用流函数方法求解叶轮机械三维气动设计问题

将三维流动中定义于任意曲线坐标系上的两个流函数φ(x~1,x~2,x~3)和ψ(x~1,x~2,x~3)反演为x~1=x~1(φ,x~2,x~3)及ψ=ψ(φ,x~2,x~3)形式。在反演后的坐标系(φ,x~2,x~3)上导出三维流体动力学主控方程(坐标流函数方程)。该方程对于给定叶片厚度和叶片表面某气动参数(压强、速度等)分布,计算叶型坐标的问题(半反问题)易于求解。在求解差分方程时采用对x~1和ψ联立求解可得到较好的收敛性。通过算例计算表明该方法可给出满意的三维叶型坐标。     

纤维增强及匀质层层叠板动力分析的解析与半解析方法

本文引入复合板条振型函数系列,提出二种层叠板解法。一种纯解析法适用于各种边界条件的矩形层叠板的动力计算;另一种半解析半数值方法适用于任意形状、任意边界的层叠板动力计算,比现有数值计算方法节省大量内存与时间。文中还给出了一系列常用层叠板计算公式。     

A method for improving extended Kalman filter performance forangle-only passive ranging

A relatively simple method is presented which eliminates previously reported (Oct. 1985) erratic estimation performance associated with Cartesian formulations of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the 2D angle-only emitter location problem. The technique is based on an initialization procedure which combines a priori probability density function (pdf) information with single measurement a posteriori pdf information in a manner which is more efficient than the EKF. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the utility of the technique as compared with a previously offered modified gain EKF     

Radar Waveform Synthesis by Mean Square Optimization Techniques

The synthesis of the phase-modulated waveform whose ambiguity function is the optimum estimate of some desired ambiguity function is accomplished by expanding the phase modulation in an orthogonal series. The ambiguity function x (?, ?d)|2 and the value of an arbitrary cost function defined on the (?, ?d) plane are then expressed in terms of the coefficients of the orthogonal series. The optimum waveform can then be determined by solving the variational equations for the coefficients. Numerical examples are presented for the case where it is desired to synthesize a desired ambiguity function x(?, ?d) for some rectangular region of the (?, ?d) plane.     

Statistical description of monopulse parameters for trackingRayleigh targets

The conditional probability density function (pdf) is developed for each monopulse measurement of a Rayleigh target by conditioning the pdf of the complex monopulse ratio on the measured amplitude of the sum signal. The conditional pdf is used to develop the conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for any unbiased estimator of the direction-of-arrival (DOA). Conditional maximum likelihood (CML) and conditional method of moments (CMM) estimators of the DOA are developed along with estimates of the variances associated with the monopulse ratio and DOA estimate. Using simulation results, the performances of the CML and CMM estimators of the DOA are compared with the performance of standard monopulse ratio and the performances of the variance estimators are also studied     

一类中立型高维周期微分系统的周期解

文中利用指数型二分法,结合不动点定理考虑如下形式的中立型高维周期系统: 苦d/dt[x(t)+cx1]=A(t,x(t))x(t)+f(t,x1),得到其T-周期解存在的充分性条件,所得结论改进或推广了早先文献中周期解存在的相应结论。     

An Algebraic Solution of the GPS Equations

The global positioning system (GPS) equations are usually solved with an application of Newton's method or a variant thereof: Xn+1 = xn + H-1(t - f(xn)). (1) Here x is a vector comprising the user position coordinates together with clock offset, t is a vector of tour pseudorange measurements, and H is a measurement matrix of partial derivatives H = fx· In fact the first fix of a Kalman filter provides a solution of this type. If more than four pseudoranges are available for extended batch processing, H-1 may be replaced by a generalized inverse (HTWH)-1HTW, where W is a positive definite weighting matrix (usually taken to be the inverse of the measurement covariance matrix). This paper introduces a new method of solution that is algebraic and noniterative in nature, computationally efficient and numerically stable, admits extended batch processing, improves accuracy in bad geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) situations, and allows a "cold start" in deep space applications.     

M-ary CPSK Detection with Noisy Reference and Interferences

A general expression of the error probability on an M-ary coherent phase-shift-keyed (MCPSK) signal purturbed by a noisy reference carrier, multiple interferences, and additive Gaussian noise is presented taking into account the frequencey divider in the carrier recovery circuit. First, a new expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the phase of a composite wave of signal, multiple interferences, and additive Gaussian noise is derived. Then this result and a pdf of the phase error modified from the Tikhonov distribution are used to obtain the erro probability of an MCPSK detector. In addition, the comparison between the error probabilities with and without the frequency divider is given, and it is found that the estimation is more pessimistic when the frequency divider is included.     

Optimum Adaptive Reception for Binary Sequences

The a posteriori probability density function p(?|X1, X2,...,Xk), where the Xi, i=1, 2, ..., K, represent Kvector-valued observations statistically related to the random vector ?, appears in many applications of the methods of statistical inference to problems in pattern recognition and statistical communication theory. In this paper, it is shown that for equally likely binary sequences (M= 2) of anticorrelated patterns for signals observed in additive Gaussian noise, a device that computes p?|X1, X2, XK) can be synthesized from a correlator, a simple instantaneous nonlinearity, and a multiplier. These results are used to derive some equally simple structures for various optimum nonsupervised estimators, pattern recognition machines, and signal detectors.     

双变量函数调节规律的工程实现和调整方法

本文通过某机放气门控制系统设计（在设计中实现了双元函数调节规律）的实例,对某些可分离的多变量函数曲线簇调节规律,提出了化多变量函数为单变量函数求和的工程实现方法,并设计了电桥实现系统的控制。此外,根据试飞要求,采用了通过调整桥臂电阻来改变二元函数曲线簇的简便方法,并给出了计算实例。文中阐述的双变函数的工程实现和调整方法,对于复现三个以上变量的函数装置的研究以及对于多输入单输出系统的工程设计都具有参考价值。     

关于非扩张映像的修正粘滞迭代格式

设H是Hilbert空间,X是Banach空间,C是H或X中的非空闭凸子集,T是C→C的非扩张映射,且f是C→C的压缩映射。受H．K．Xu对粘滞迭代算法讨论的启发,提出一种新的粘滞迭代算法,xn＋1=T[（1-αn）xn＋αnf（xn）],n≥0,其中x0∈C,C是Banach空间中的非空闭凸子集,分别在Hilbert空间和Banach空间框架下证明了序列{xn}是强收敛的。     

复合材料层压结构铺层顺序优化设计特征提取算法

受在感知过程中抓住主要特征的启发,结合复合材料层压结构优化问题的特点,借鉴遗传算法、蚁群算法等模拟进化优化算法的流程,提出1种"特征提取"的优化算法。根据目标函数值f(→Xj)(j=1,2,…m)的大小,对相应的m个设计变量向量→Xj=(x1,j,x2,j,…,xi,j,xn,j)(j=1,2,…m)进行排序;在一定的"背景噪声"S下,根据"特征提取"指示向量P提取群组中较优方案的共同特征,生成m个新的设计变量→X′j。算例验证表明,所提出的算法是有效的。     

关于航空发动机结构声疲劳寿命估算方法的探讨

噪声载荷是一种高频、宽带随机载荷,在低循环疲劳寿命预测中被广泛采用的时域计数法很难直接利用。根据现有的累积疲劳损伤理论,噪声载荷下结构疲劳寿命分析的关键在于如何在频域中获得雨流循环的概率密度函数。本文对从疲劳应力功率谱密度出发获得寿命估算所需要的应力峰值或应力雨流循环幅值的概率密度函数的方法进行了分析与比较,并对发动机结构声疲劳分析中值得深入研究及发展的方法给出了建议。      

向心透平叶片角动量分布的优化

 以n条子午流线,给出满足约束条件的各自角动量分布的若干不同组合构成初始复合形,做复合形每一顶点处该向心透平叶轮S2 流面与跨叶片面势流场分析,并以二元紊流边界层动量厚度计算经三元修正,分析叶轮效率,最终使复合形法成功应用于向心透平叶片角动量分布的优化。该方法也适用于离心叶轮中叶片加载量的优化。     

纤维位置随机引起的复合材料性能分散性研究

采用Monte-Carlo方法分别用均匀分布和正态分布模拟复合材料纤维中心位置的随机变化,得到材料截面图像。然后用像素对材料截面图进行网格划分,作为通用单胞模型的输入,计算出复合材料性能的子样。最后用数理统计的方法处理数据得到材料性能的统计特性数据。分析结果表明:本文采用的模拟方法是合理有效的。由纤维位置变化引起的材料分散性随纤维体积比的变化先增大然后减小。三参数威布尔分布和正态分布较好地描述了各个弹性参数的分布。      

复合材料层板等强最优设计方法

 本文对复合材料无矩对称层板的最优设计,提出了一种概念直观、方法简便、收敛迅速、效果较好的等强最优设计方法。给出了几个算例的结果,并与文献[1、2]的方法作了对比,结果表明,本文的方法具有显著的优越性。     

二重积分中值定理中间点的进一步讨论

众所周知,二重积分中值定理一般表述为：“设Ｄ为平面上有界闭区域,ｆ（ｘ,ｙ）在Ｄ上连续,ｇ（ｘ,ｙ）在Ｄ上可积且不变号,则至少存在一点（ζη）∈Ｄ,使得∫∫Ｄｆ（ｘ,ｙ）ｇ（ｘ,ｙ）ｄｘｄｙ＝ｆ（ζη）∫∫Ｄｇ（ｘ,ｙ）ｄｘｄｙ。”进一步证明了中间点（ζη）可选为Ｄ的内点,其结论与方法完全可推广到一般多重积分中值定理。     

航空发动机高低压转子间碰摩故障特征提取

针对变分模态分解(VMD)需要人为确定输入参数的问题,提出了一种参数自适应VMD(APVMD)方法,其通过粒子群(PSO)算法优化VMD的输入参数.使用APVMD结合切片谱的方法,对双转子航空发动机振动正常和异常状态下的实测弹性支承应变信号进行分析.分析结果表明,APVMD方法可以自适应地实现对实测弹性支承应变信号的分...