航空发动机内窥检测智能诊断专家系统

内窥检测在航空发动机维护中得到广泛应用,但是目前的人工检测方式已经难以满足民航业的需求,将智能诊断专家系统引入到航空发动机内窥故障检测中,并集合了基于规则的专家系统和基于案例的专家系统的优点．研究了一种航空发动机内窥检测智能诊断混合专家系统,该系统首先对处理后的内窥图像进行规则推理,若无法找到匹配规则再转入案例推理,直至给出故障诊断结果和维修策略。通过实验检验,专家系统可以准确、快速地给出诊断结果。     

Real-time expert systems for advanced power control (a statusupdate) [aerospace power system testbed]

The most recent developments in the Boeing Aerospace Autonomous Power System (APS) testbed are presented. The APS testbed is a 28-VDC system with 3-kW capability, assembled for use in developing improved control, techniques for aerospace electrical power systems. The main emphasis is on the development of a sophisticated programming environment to control concurrent execution of multiple autonomous algorithms coupled with a continuous input/output data flow. The integration of high-level control algorithms used for battery charge control into a real-time execution environment is discussed. This includes methods that allow several functions to respond to real-time input, affect/maintain expert system (shared) memory, and control the electrical power system configuration. Sophisticated schemes for scheduling these expert system control functions are required to allow real-time multitasking     

Design of a canard configured TransCruiser using CEASIOM

CEASIOM is a multidisciplinary software environment for aircraft design that has been developed as part of the European Framework 6 SimSAC project. It closely integrates discipline-specific tools such as those used for CAD, grid generation, CFD, stability analysis and control system design. The environment allows the user to take an initial design from geometry definition and aerodynamics generation through to full six degrees of freedom simulation and analysis. Key capabilities include variable fidelity aerodynamics tools and aeroelasticity modules. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of CEASIOM by presenting the results of a Design, Simulate and Evaluate (DSE) exercise applied to a novel, project specific, transonic cruiser configuration called the TCR. The baseline TCR configuration is first defined using conventional methods, which is then refined and improved within the CEASIOM software environment. A wind tunnel model of this final configuration was then constructed, tested and used to verify the results generated using CEASIOM.     

Research on the intelligent design system for investment casting die of aero-engine turbine blade based on knowledge

To solve the problems in turbine blade investment casting die design process such as long design time,lacking of expert experience and low level of intelligence,knowledge-based engineering (KBE) was introduced in the turbine blade investment casting die design field. The key technologies of the intelligent design method were researched and a prototype system was developed. A hybrid reasoning model was prompted in which case-based reasoning (CBR) was applied to conceptual design and rule-based reasoning (RBR) was applied to parts design after research the design process and domain knowledge of casting die. In the conceptual design stage,a retrieval model which integrated nearest neighbor approach and knowledge-based retrieval approach was prompted to improve the retrieval efficiency. Meanwhile,RBR was used to modify the retrieval result. The practical application results indicate that this system can reuse the expert experience efficiently and heighten the die design efficiency and quality.      

工程结构的知识工程与专家系统

本文介绍计算机人工智能的一个重要应用分支——专家系统在工程结构设计与检验中的应用及其主要基础知识工程的情况。除了对这门新兴学科的基本概念作一简述以外,文中对知识工程的内容、组成和方法进行了讨论;并结合航空飞行器的设计与检验问题,具体讨论了对其建立专家系统的概念与模型。     

Design and optimization of solid rocket motor Finocyl grain using simulated annealing

The research effort outlined the application of a computer aided design(CAD)-centric technique to the design and optimization of solid rocket motor Finocyl(fin in cylinder) grain using simulated annealing.The proper method for constructing the grain configuration model,ballistic performance and optimizer integration for analysis was presented.Finocyl is a complex grain configuration,requiring thirteen variables to define the geometry.The large number of variables not only complicates the geometrical construction but also optimization process.CAD representation encapsulates all of the geometric entities pertinent to the grain design in a parametric way,allowing manipulation of grain entity(web),performing regression and automating geometrical data calculations.Robustness to avoid local minima and efficient capacity to explore design space makes simulated annealing an attractive choice as optimizer.It is demonstrated with a constrained optimization of Finocyl grain geometry for homogeneous,isotropic propellant,uniform regression,and a quasi-steady,bulk mode internal ballistics model that maximizes average thrust for required deviations from neutrality.     

Optimal air-launching rocket design using system trades and a multi-disciplinary optimization approach

Compared with the conventional ground rocket launching, air-launching has many advantages. However, a comprehensive and integrated system design approach is required because the physical geometry of air launch vehicle is quite dependent on the installation limitation of the mother plane. For the selection of the best system alternative, a trade study for the first stage engine type and launching speeds is performed using a sequential optimization technique, confirming the feasibility of the baseline air-launching rocket. Then, a system design has been performed using the multi-disciplinary feasible (MDF) design optimization method. Analysis modules include mission analysis, staging, propulsion analysis, configuration, weight analysis, aerodynamics analysis and trajectory analysis. As a result of multi-disciplinary system optimization, a supersonic air launching rocket with total mass of 1244.9 kg, total length of 6.36 m, outer diameter of 0.60 m has been successfully designed to launch a satellite of 7.5 kg to the 700 km circular orbit.     

Systematic methods for knowledge acquisition and expert systemdevelopment [for combat aircraft]

Nine cooperating rule-based systems, collectively called AUTOCREW which were designed to automate functions and decisions associated with a combat aircraft's subsystems, are discussed. The organization of tasks within each system is described; performance metrics were developed to evaluate the workload of each rule base and to assess the cooperation between the rule bases. Simulation and comparative workload results for two mission scenarios are given. The scenarios are inbound surface-to-air-missile attack on the aircraft and pilot incapacitation. The methodology used to develop the AUTOCREW knowledge bases is summarized. Issues involved in designing the navigation sensor selection expert in AUTOCREW's NAVIGATOR knowledge base are discussed in detail. The performance of seven navigation systems aiding a medium-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) was investigated using Kalman filter covariance analyses. A navigation sensor management (NSM) expert system was formulated from covariance simulation data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the ID3 algorithm     

基于虚拟仪器的飞机供电特性参数测试系统的设计

介绍了一种基于虚拟仪器PXI总线的飞机供电特性参数测试系统的设计与实现，在设计该测试系统时采用了符合PXI总线规定的硬件仪器模块，使用图形化编程语言Labview设计了飞机供电特性参数的各种测试算法，实现了多通道同时快速数据采集以及并行同步采集。通过虚拟仪器面板的交互式使用，使界面简单明了、非常便于操作。通过对国产某型飞机供电系统的测试实验。结果表明该系统设计先进、稳定可靠、测试结果达到了要求的精度，对于被测的稳态以及瞬态参数有很好的性能，具有非常广泛的应用前景。     

人工神经网络在飞机总体外形智能CAD中的应用

将人工神经网络应用于飞机总体外形智能ＣＡＤ中,针对现有方法的局限性,研究了参数神经网络,提出了一种综合考虑影响神经网络学习３个主要因素（权值、激励函数和拓扑结构）的ＷＡＦＳ学习算法,并研究了隶属函数的神经网络表达和基于神经网络的并行推理,给出了有关应用实例。     

飞机结构腐蚀控制设计数据库研究

 介绍了飞机结构腐蚀控制设计数据库的设计目标和要求、数据库结构和数据组成。该数据库科学系统地积累了飞机结构腐蚀控制设计所需的各类知识和数据,包括环境、材料—环境腐蚀特性、表面防护系统、密封技术、飞机结构腐蚀类型及形态和腐蚀控制标准体系等基础数据以及飞机结构腐蚀实例和飞机结构腐蚀控制设计数据,有多种查询、检索、统计、报表、维护和打印等功能。在 Win98环境下,利用 VB6.0开发了数据库的程序系统,并为专家系统和几种大型飞机结构设计与分析软件设计了接口,可进行数据修改和扩充。     

新型民用客机水系统选型研究

民用飞机水系统的功能是在飞行中为机上乘客提供饮用水、盥洗用水和马桶冲洗用水。水系统作为飞机上与乘客生活息息相关的系统,舒适性的要求越来越被关注。目前,飞机上使用的水系统方案各式各样,对于不同的飞机需求,各种方案各有各的特点。针对国际新型飞机上已经开始采用的水系统的各种方案进行了权衡研究,重点研究了水系统几种控制方式的优缺点以及机电综合控制技术作为新技术在新型民用飞机上的应用,同时介绍了灰水的几种处理方式、比较常用的几种水龙头以及其优缺点分析。针对某种飞机型号,根据飞机的市场定位和需求,介绍了如何选择一套合适的系统方案,来提高该飞机的经济性和实用性,为我国民用飞机水系统的研制提供一定的参考。     

A methodology for real time fault detection, isolation andcorrection

Mission critical timelines and availability requirements of large, complex ground stations demand some form of a distributed real-time system with an embedded rule-based expert advisor for recognizing and responding to changes within the system. The failure management optimization support system (FMOSS), which develops unique sets of status values, is discussed. The live status returned from the segment hardware forms a set of values, or signature vector, for each equipment string. The signature vector is compared to the signature that occurs when the equipment string is operational. If the processed status signatures do not match the signature that indicates the equipment string is operational, the expert advisor notifies the command center that a fault has been detected. The expert advisor continues processing until it has found a match from the pool of preengineered failure-mode signature vectors. Based on the match, Boolean logic is used to perform fault isolation and correction, with results provided to the command center     

IMA平台重构中的人素和安全性研究

综合模块化航空电子(IMA)是一种建立在分布式计算环境之下的可以实现软硬件分离的架构,它可实现硬件模块应用的动态软件分配。即,IMA系统可以根据功能性和资源可用性来选择不同的配置。本文主要关注了IMA重构中涉及到的安全性及人素问题。解析了重构的过程以及人素与自动化方面的技术。事实证明,某些情况下安全有效的配置需要具备故障识别、安全要求、任务调度及资源分配限制以外的知识。并且平台的安全性设计还取决于人机系统是否实现了最佳结合。     

民用航空发动机航线维修专家系统设计分析

为了缩短民用航空发动机航线维修的时间,提高航线维修效率,降低航班延误率,针对民用航空发动机航线维修工作的特点,提出了基于故障特征利用模糊技术建立专家系统的模糊知识库,并结合智能检索技术建立民用航空发动机航线维修专家系统的方法,该方法能够提高专家系统解决问题的准确性和时效性。重点阐述了专家系统模糊知识库构建和智能检索技术的逻辑思路。相比于以关键故障特征为知识点建立的数据库,模糊知识库包含了更全面的故障特征知识。智能检索基于概念或语义检索,相比于关键词检索,对自然语言有更好地理解,便于航线维修工作人员使用。     

Incremental certification and Integrated Modular Avionics

When designing Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) systems, the traditional design life cycle must be adapted and rearranged to allow multiple vendors to contribute not only to the systems design, but also to the safety case for the system. Simply using guidelines from the DO-178B and the ARINC 653 standards does not guarantee that one will be able to have multiple applications running at different safety criticality levels. One needs to be able to merge applications written by different vendors, reuse applications from previous projects, and integrate different safety requirements while constructing a safety case for the overall IMA system. This, of course, must be done within a constrained budget that includes potential costs associated with changing program requirements. In order to achieve these goals, the design life cycle must be constructed in a way that allows for configuration and build partitioning of these applications, in parallel with the IMA platform itself and the overall systems integration. This investigates how the ARINC 653 standard can be used to provide this application and safety criticality level independence using guidelines from DO-178 and DO-297. It explores the use of qualified XML-based configuration tools, the emerging ARINC 653 Supplement 3 XML Schema design and shows the importance of configuration and build partitioning.     

基于机翼-帆尾的高纬度跨年驻留太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法

拓展太阳能飞机在较高纬度地区的跨年驻留性能有助于促成太阳能飞机的广泛实用化。建立了适用于任意高度、任意纬度、任意指向的光伏组件面功率模型,并考虑了光伏组件的温度效应,通过能量仿真得出：在方位角跟踪方式下,滚偏角为90°的主动式光伏组件的日均面功率最优。然后在布局与能源综合设计思想指导下,建立了一套基于机翼-帆尾的太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法,其组成模块包括各部件质量方程、气动效率方程、用于构建气动布局参数与全机光伏组件面功率特性之间映射关系的Kriging代理模型,以及参与总体参数匹配优化设计的量子粒子群优化（QPSO）算法及其多目标评价函数。面向高纬度与跨年驻留的设计指标,开展了机翼-帆尾太阳能飞机的方案实例设计,其中驻留纬度与高度指标分别为45°N和18 km。详细分析了此方案在23.5°N~55°N纬度域内的可持续高度包线。研究结果表明：与传统布局形式相比,机翼-帆尾布局形式大幅提升了高纬度地区冬季附近的光伏组件面功率,有效地减小了翼展尺度、机翼面积并提升了巡航速度,具有良好的应用优势。方案设计实例也验证了基于机翼-帆尾的太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法的可行性。     

基于EBOM的航空发动机设计构型单台管理方法研究

航空发动机产品结构复杂、工程更改频繁,采用传统的产品结构分解和目录管理模式,或者简单地以EBOM 代替目录,很难实现设计构型的实时准确定义。本文系统地总结WZ16 发动机和EC175 传动系统的构型管理对外合作经验,研究Teamcenter 系统的有效性配置功能;从便于型号系列化发展和构型管理的角度,提出基于EBOM 的设计构型单台管理方法,并对某型民用涡轴发动机构型管理进行初步验证。结果表明：采用该方法能有效提高设计构型的管控效率和准确性。     

一种减小再入飞行器侧向气动非线性的布局优化方法

为改善升力式再入飞行器在跨声速段出现的侧向气动特性非线性问题,发展了一种基于Kriging代理模型的自适应迭代气动布局优化方法。设计了一种常规升力式再入飞行器布局,计算了该布局在跨声速段的侧向气动力,分析了可能影响侧向气动特性的机翼布局参数。根据气动布局优化流程,计算了气动布局样本气动特性,建立了布局参数到侧向力矩系数导数的代理模型,完成了以减小飞行器侧向非线性为目标的布局优化设计。优化布局的气动特性计算结果表明,所发展的方法是可行和有效的。该项研究为再入飞行器减小侧向气动非线性提供了新的布局设计途径,有利于降低控制系统设计难度,保障飞行安全。     

大型飞机增升装置气动机构一体化设计软件及其应用

为满足现代大型飞机先进增升装置多目标综合最优的设计目标,本文结合气动、机构并行设计思想,基于VB、Qt和Catia二次开发环境搭建了增升装置气动、机构综合设计软件。其中包括翼身组合体、巡航构型、起降构型和机构设计四个设计模块,用户可从不同翼身截面数据点,通过拉伸组合成用户所设计的干净构型;利用NURBS曲线使干净构型快速切割出带增升装置的曲面外形;根据缝道参数经验值和机构约束将所切增升装置偏转并设计出合适的起飞、着陆卡位模型,并配以对应卡位设计机构。本文通过对多架、多类别大型客机进行设计并按照预期设计完成切割,完成不同固定翼机型以及翼身组合体机型的切割。经过大量的设计实例验证,软件具有广泛的通用性,能够实现对任意飞机的增升装置进行快速设计。