A novel satellite image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic systems and Josephus problem

With the rapid growth of the number of Earth observation satellite (EOS) supporting critical applications, it is required to improve the security techniques to protect the sensitive data and images during the transmission between the satellites and the ground stations. This paper introduces a new satellite image encryption algorithm based on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) generator, SHA 512 hash function, hyperchaotic systems, and Josephus problem. LFSR generates a matrix that is used to construct the 512-bits value of the hash function. These bits are used to set the initial values and parameters of the proposed encryption algorithm. Firstly, the six dimensions (6-D) hyperchaotic system is divided into three parts, where every two equations are considered as one part. Secondly, the 1-D hyperchaotic logistic-tent system is considered as the controller to select one part. The selected part is used to generate a matrix that is XORed with the original image. Thirdly, the scrambling operation by Josephus sequences is applied to the output of the previous step by scrambling the rows and the columns according to the selected part to produce the pre-encrypted image. Finally, if the number of iterations is less than the required number which is considered as a parameter of the secret key, the previous operations will be repeated in the pre-encrypted image; otherwise, the pre-encrypted image is considered as the final cipher image. Experimental and analyses results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in terms of high level of security, large enough key-space, tolerance to Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as low time complexity.     

Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

Automatic detection of geomagnetic sudden commencement via time–frequency clusters

One of global processes in ionosphere–thermosphere–magnetosphere system is the geomagnetic storms. It is of great importance to develop an algorithm that auto-detects sudden commencement because it could be an indicator of onset of the geomagnetic storm. Automatic detection of geomagnetic sudden commencement is based on time–frequency clusters generated by spectrogram. Proposed algorithm is tested on data set collected from stations belong to the international real-time magnetic observatory network (INTERMAGNET). Maximum standard deviation of algorithm detection times is observed to be one minute of the corresponding arrival times published by National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC).     

Experimental investigation of hot and cold side jet interaction with a supersonic cross-flow

This paper reports on experimental aerodynamic investigations on a high-speed missile with side jet control especially with regard to the interaction of cold and hot side jets with supersonic cross-flow. The hot jets were generated with solid propellants. To analyze the effect of the hot jet in relation to side jet control, wall pressure distributions were measured in the area of jet interaction. As a test parameter, the jet pressure ratio was varied and schlieren images were taken to visualize the shocks. In addition, the development of large-scale vortex structures on hot gas jets was detected with high-speed videos. The frame sequences show periodical turbulent jet structures and permit the manual evaluation of their spatial distribution. Analyzing the images, the convection velocities of the large-scale structures and their convection angles were determined. The convection velocities reach the magnitude of cross-flow velocity shortly behind the hot jet exit.     

Modeling and control for cooperative transport of a slung fluid container using quadrotors

In this paper, dynamic modeling and control problem for transfer of a sloshing liquid container suspended through rigid massless links from a team of quadrotors are investigated. By the proposed solution, pose of the slung container and fluid sloshing modes are stabilized appropriately. Dynamics of the container-liquid-quadrotors system is modeled by Euler-Lagrange method. Fluid slosh dynamics is included using multi-mass-spring model. According to derived model, a proper control law is designed for a system with three or more quadrotors. Implementing the proposed control law, quadrotors can control pose of the container, directions of the links and liquid sloshing modes simultaneously. Stability of closed loop system of tracking errors and sloshing modes are demonstrated using a theory of singularly perturbed systems and Lyapunov stability theorem. Also, the capability of the proposed feedback control laws in solving a formerly organized transport problem of a liquid filled container has been demonstrated in simulations. Moreover, priority of the proposed control scheme to an existing slung load controller in the literature is demonstrated.     

Design and Optimization of 3D Radial Slot Grain Configuration

Upper stage solid rocket motors (SRMS) for launch vehicles require a highly efficient propulsion system. Grain design proves to be vital in terms of minimizing inert mass by adopting a high volumetric efficiency with minimum possible sliver. In this article, a methodology has been presented for designing three-dimensional (3D) grain configuration of radial slot for upper stage solid rocket motors. The design process involves parametric modeling of the geometry in computer aided design (CAD) software through...     

Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Multistage Ground-launched Boost Phase Interceptor Using Hybrid Search Algorithm

This article proposes a multidisciplinary design and optimization (MDO) strategy for the conceptual design of a multistage ground-based interceptor (GBI) using hybrid optimization algorithm, which associates genetic algorithm (GA) as a global optimizer with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) as a local optimizer. The interceptor is comprised of a three-stage solid propulsion system for an exoatmospheric boost phase intercept (BPI). The interceptor's duty is to deliver a kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) to the optimal position in space to accomplish the mission of intercept. The modules for propulsion, aerodynamics, mass properties and flight dynamics are integrated to produce a high fidelity model of the entire vehicle. The propulsion module comprises of solid rocket motor (SRM) grain design, nozzle geometry design and performance prediction analysis. Internal ballistics and performance prediction parameters are calculated by using lumped parameter method. The design objective is to minimize the gross lift off mass (GLOM) of the interceptor under the mission constraints and performance objectives. The proposed design and optimization methodology provide designers with an efficient and powerful approach in computation during designing interceptor systems.     

Investigation of the role of aziridine bonding agents on the aging of the composite solid rocket propellant(CSRP)

The role of bonding agents on the aging characteristics is one of the important research topics.Aging program of the prepared propellant samples was conducting as follows:Five samples,two free of bonding agents,and three containing an aziridine based bonding agents(MAPO,HX-752,MAT4),four samples based on different bonding and curing agents all were aged at 70 ℃.The prepared bonding agent "MAT4" gave remarkable improvements and resulted in highly stable mechanical properties comparing with HX-752 or MAPO.The selected bonding agents family inhibited the rate of decomposition of the propellants during the aging periods and supported the propellant matrix against decomposition at the elevated temperatures.