Commercial ATS program management

With the defense industry's ever-increasing reliance on Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Automatic Test Systems (ATS) and commercial suppliers, there is a need to recognize and actively manage the gap between the expectations of the defense industry and the commercial community. The key to a successful program has proven to be investing time during the proposal stage and at contract award to clearly define the COTS deliverables and the level of detail of required data. This requires discipline from the supplier (engineering, sales, and the proposal team) as well as the procuring agency to agree that the time investment is worthwhile. This paper examines the problem and outlines proven strategies in managing this gap.     

A manager's guide to TPS first article acceptance testing

This paper offers insight into the challenges of First Article Testing (FAT) for Test Program Sets. While FAT represents a successful culmination of extensive development effort, this success comes only with advanced planning and buyer/seller cooperation. This paper emphasizes FAT challenges and their resolution. The paper is written against a real-world contract backdrop, and the problems encountered were real and representative of the generic challenges. The lessons imparted can provide valuable guidance to buyer and seller in a Test Program Set contract sell-off. For the lessons learned to be useful, however, they must be applied prior to FAT, and must result in effective, preemptive, bi-partisan management action. FAT is typically the end result of millions of dollars of expenditure and equivalent technical and emotional investment. It offers only two outcomes: “win-win” or “lose-lose”. This paper is intended to assist a win-win result     

论我国公立高校与学生的法律关系

高校与学生的法律关系其实是一种复杂的社会关系，其中主要是民事合同关系，还有一部分类似于行政合同（或行政契约）关系。其关系一旦确立，学校与学生的权利与义务就明确了。     

A300-600ST飞机空地数据链改装方案

空地数据链是一种基于CNS/ATM提出的新型数字通信技术,对实现地面网络与飞机的实时数据通信具有重要意义。以空客公司的A300-600ST型飞机为背景,研究提出了一种能在老型号飞机上实施空地数据链改装的技术方案,并通过可靠性分析,将改装方案定位于“小改”,从而可以有效降低适航审定工作的复杂性,为航空公司节约改装成本。此方案已于2006年在空客公司国际运输部成功应用,对其他老机型的同类改装具有一定的参考价值。     

Water and Brines on Mars: Current Evidence and Implications for MSL

Liquid water is a basic ingredient for life as we know it. Therefore, in order to understand the habitability of other planets we must first understand the behavior of water on them. Mars is the most Earth-like planet in the solar system and it has large reservoirs of H₂O. Here, we review the current evidence for pure liquid water and brines on Mars, and discuss their implications for future and current missions such as the Mars Science Laboratory. Neither liquid water nor liquid brines are currently stable on the surface of Mars, but they could be present temporarily in a few areas of the planet. Pure liquid water is unlikely to be present, even temporarily, on the surface of Mars because evaporation into the extremely dry atmosphere would inhibit the formation of the liquid phase, where the temperature and pressure are high enough so that water would neither freeze nor boil. The exception to this is that monolayers of liquid water, referred to as undercooled liquid interfacial water, could exist on most of the Martian surface. In a few places liquid brines could exist temporarily on the surface because they could form at cryogenic temperatures, near ice or frost deposits where sublimation could be inhibited by the presence of nearly saturated air. Both liquid water and liquid brines might exist in the shallow subsurface because even a thin layer of soil forms an effective barrier against sublimation allowing pure liquid water to form sporadically in a few places, or liquid brines to form over longer periods of time in large portions of the planet. At greater depths, ice deposits could melt where the soil conductivity is low enough to blanket the deeper subsurface effectively. This could cause the formation of aquifers if the deeper soil is sufficiently permeable and an impermeable layer exists below the source of water. The fact that liquid brines and groundwater are likely to exist on Mars has important implications for geochemistry, glaciology, mineralogy, weathering and the habitability of Mars.     

Radar sensor using low probability of interception SS-FH signals

One of the best known weakness of radar sensors in defense and security applications is the necessity to radiate a signal, which can be detected by the target, so being possible (easy in fact) that the target is alerted about the presence of a radar before the radar is alerted about the presence of a target. In this context, Low Probability of Interception (LPI) Radars try to use signals that are difficult to intercept and/or identify. Spread spectrum signals are strong candidates for this application, and systems using special frequency or polyphase modulation schemes are being exploited. Frequency hopping, however, has not received much attention. The typical LPI radar at this moment of the technology is a CW-LFM radar. The simplicity of the technology is its best point. Polyphase codes, on the other hand have the inherent advantage of high instantaneous bandwidth regardless of observation time. But the complexity of the hardware is also higher. FH signals have traditionally been considered of lower performance but higher complexity, due to the difficulties to compensate the individual dopplers for the individual range cells in the receiver. One important point is that an FH radar must be clearly distinguished from an agile frequency radar. In the latter, a pulsed signal is transmitted using different frequencies from pulse to pulse. In an FH radar the frequency changes must be during the pulse. In fact, in an LPI FH radar, a CW frequency hopped signal is used. A radar system concept is proposed in which it shows how these problems can be overcome in a tracking application. Also, the signal format is analyzed under the scope of future decade digital interceptors, showing that, in fact, this kind of signal exhibits improvement in some performances and requires a hardware that is only slightly more complex than that needed for CW-LFM systems     

迭代动力缩聚法的收敛性分析

 利用Lyapunov矩阵方程和Riccati矩阵方程解的理论,对迭代动力缩聚法的收敛性进行了分析证明,并给出了迭代收敛的充分条件。揭示了动力缩聚法与经典的子空间迭代法的内在关系,阐明了各自的优缺点。迭代动力缩聚法实质上是子空间迭代法的变形,它需要人为选择主辅自由度,而子空间迭代法需要人为选定初始迭代向量。从理论上讲,只有主辅自由度选择满足收敛的充分条件要求,才能保证迭代结果收敛到理论上的精确解。给出了一个数值算例,对几种算法进行了对比,并验证了本文的论点。     

发展我国农村非正规金融的政策建议

当前，我国农村非正规金融已形成很大规模，对我国农村经济发展起到了积极的推动作用，同时也带来一定的负面影响。为趋利避害，更好地疏导规范农村非正规金融，从政府角度，应重点做好以下几个方面的工作：首先，对农村非正规金融合理定位，并加强对其规范与管理；其次，要加强对农村正规金融的改革，使其替代部分农村非正规金融；再次，要从法律法规的健全、利率市场化的进程、信用中介组织的建立与农村征信系统建设等诸多方面努力，营造有利于农村非正规金融健康发展的大环境。     

Stable mid-latitude red arcs: Observations and theory

Summary The observational features of the arc are fairly well established. At present, the thermal conduction model appears to explain the red arc features most consistently, but it must be noted that a soft electron flux would give very similar results. Ion temperature measurements in the vicinity of an arc, which should be forthcoming in the very near future, can establish conclusively whether transverse electric fields play any important role in the formation of the arcs. Accepting the assumption that the arcs are the result of energy flowing down from the plasmasphere, the major remaining question is: where does the energy come from and how does it get into the plasmasphere? The various proposed mechanisms discussed in the previous chapter appear feasible, but much work needs to be done before this problem is completely resolved.On leave from the Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

大型空间刚架结构的设计与优化

通过人机交互方式,设计出某大型复合材料空间刚架结构满足设计要求的结构方案.有限元分析可知,结构的屈曲为结构设计的主要制约因素.使用MSC.Nastran的优化功能,以屈曲响应作为约束条件,对初始设计方案进行优化,得到了一组优化结果,经过圆整处理,得到新的设计方案.经过校核可知,该方案可以满足结构强度、稳定性等要求,且结构重量得到减轻.     

财务契约与和谐财务

对于财务学而言，财务契约与和谐财务都是重要概念，需要深入研究。从本质上看财务契约与和谐财务既有联系，又有不同，需要我们在更高层次上将二者融合。     

项目管理在航空售后服务体系中应用模式的研究

项目管理作为一种管理工具在许多领域中的使用已有非常悠久的历史，而现代项目管理起源于上世纪50年代，它一出现就引起举世瞩目。在理论上各国家或协会关于项目管理的概念仍有一些不同认识，不同经济领域中具体操作起来又有方法上的差别，但其精髓和原理却是一致的。本文根据现代项目管理精髓在其九大知识领域、五个过程组的模型上结合中国航空企业售后服务工作的特点，通过一些具体项目的操作应用，研究应用实践出可操作的售后项目管理模式。实践证明，此模式方法的使用可节省质量运行成本、提高工作效率，值得在今后售后工作包括类似工作中推广应用。     

Flow Bursts in the Plasma Sheet and Auroral Substorm Onset: Observational Constraints on Connection Between Midtail and Near-earth Substorm Processes

Causality between near-Earth and midtail substorm processes is one of the most controversial issues about the substorm trigger mechanism. The currently most popular model, the outside-in model, assumes that near-Earth reconnection is initiated in the midtail region before substorm onset and that the associated flow burst causes tail current disruption in the near-Earth region. However, there remain some outstanding issues that may serve as critical tests of this model. The present article reviews recent satellite and ground observations addressing three such critical issues with a focus on substorm-related auroral features. First, near-Earth reconnection, even if it reaches the lobe magnetic field, does not necessarily trigger a global substorm, but it is often related to a pseudobreakup. This fact suggests that there is an additional or alternative condition for substorm development. Secondly, although there appears to be one-to-one correspondence between flow bursts in the plasma sheet and equatorward-moving auroral structures (auroral streamers), no such auroral feature that can be associated with the fast plasma flow can be identified prior to auroral breakups. On the other hand, the flow burst is widely regarded as a manifestation of reconnection and therefore, according to the outside-in model, should be created in the near-Earth plasma sheet before substorm onset. Finally, auroral arcs poleward of a breakup arc are not affected until the front of auroral intensification reaches those arcs. The last two points suggest that if substorm is triggered as the outside-in model describes, the ionosphere is electromagnetically detached from the magnetosphere, which, however, has not been addressed theoretically. Thus, it should be crucial for a better understanding of the substorm trigger process to implement the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in future modeling efforts and to address those basic issues as a guide for critically evaluating each model.     

High-performance payload data handling system for Gaia

Gaia is the most ambitious space astrometry mission currently envisaged and is a technological challenge in all its aspects. We describe a proposal for the payload data handling system of Gaia, as an example of a high-performance, real-time, concurrent, and pipelined data system. This proposal includes the front-end systems for the instrumentation, the data acquisition and management modules, the star data processing modules, and the payload data handling unit. We also review other payload and service module elements and we illustrate a data flux proposal.     

Perspectives for Strategic Analysis in Advancing Ocean Technology

There is a growing need for the scientist, engineer, and administrator to better understand the kinds of overall, across-the-board planning problems involved in the development of off-shore coastal areas. A recommended approach is to use systems analysis techniques. Principles will be set forth on maintaining and improving the quality of the ocean environment, with considerations of cost in so doing. Each proponent of an aspect of ocean technology usually believes that his field must be greatly enlarged in the near future. Along with these advances there is the likelihood of unnecessary social costs emanating from undesirable modifications of the environment. In making the analysis, an early step is to identify specific needs and appropriate roles. A next step is to lay out alternatives for achieving objectives both within a given organization and external to it. The alternatives may be appraised through their costs and benefits. But how do you make choices between goals when resources are limited? How can we gather the data, accomplish the evaluation, and do the planning that will make rational choices possible? This paper elucidates the problems involved in these kinds of questions and suggests methodology that might lead toward solutions.     

Proposal to TPS delivery in 4 months?

Decreasing the often lengthy Test Program Set (TPS) development time is a high priority for both DoD and commercial industry. A protracted test development time for a commercial product can make or break its success. It can impact time-to-market goals for a product, which in turn, can result in a loss of market share. Though the DoD world has different objectives, they, too, are concerned with long test development times which can increase costs and jeopardize a weapon system's mission readiness. The case study for this paper is a test system developed by BAE Systems in less than four months to meet a commercial customer's stringent schedule requirements. The factors that contributed to the success of this project are examined, as is their relevance to the DoD world. The desire is to apply relevant lessons learned from the commercial industry to DoD programs, yielding a decrease in TPS development time     

基于遗传算法的起降航班动态排序模型的研究

讨论了空中交通流量管理中终端区航班的排序规划问题。目的是在终端区空中交通繁忙的情况下有效地为到达航班安排合理的着陆次序，并在不违反飞机间隔要求的情况下给出各飞机经过优化的着陆时间，提高机场跑道的利用率。引入离场起飞的航班问题，建立了航班排序的动态模型和基于遗传算法的终端区动态排序算法。并对一个算例采用冬文方法进行验证计算，结果表明，所提出的方法计算效率高，实用可行。     

空中交通管制员测评体系探讨

简要介绍空中交通管制人员测评领域的研究现状,提出对空中交通管制人员的选拔、工作绩效评估体系的看法。指出空中交通管制员从业资格测评应包含8项测评项目,在职空中交通管制员专业素质评估系统应包含9项测评项目,并对这些测评项目进行简要说明。     

空中微智能传感探测系统研究

针对智能传感技术未来的重要发展方向,分析了作为空中微智能传感探测系统的微型飞行器(MAV)技术特点和应用前景,研究了MAV的技术类型和国内外现状,总结了MAV的技术发展趋势,并在分析MAV主要系统构架的基础上,梳理了MAV系统研制所涉及的主要关键技术,最后对MAV的未来发展给出了建议。