Nonlinear Adaptive Control of a Synchronous Machine

A nonlinear adaptive controller for a load-commutated brushless dc machine that allows the machine to develop high torque over a wide range of operating conditions, while satisfying voltage and current constraints on both stator and field circuits, is presented. The approach taken is fundamentally different from past work in that a nonlinear control is formulated from the steady-state model of the synchronous machine. Adaptive algorithms are presented for both the unknown load and motor cases.     

航空无刷同步电机起动发电系统电动运行励磁特性

对航空无刷同步电机起动发电系统电动运行的励磁特性进行了理论分析,提出了交直流混合励磁方案,建立了系统的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真模型。仿真结果表明,主发电机励磁电流平均值随励磁机励磁频率的升高而减小,且主发电机励磁电流脉动率随转速升高有唯一极小值点,该点可作为交直流励磁的切换点。     

Dynamic Modeling of Brushless dc Motors for Aerospace Actuation

A discrete time model for simulation of the dynamics of samarium cobalt-type permanent magnet brushless dc machines is presented. The similation model includes modeling of the interaction between these machines and their attached power conditioners. These are transistorized conditioner units. This model is part of an overall discrete-time analysis of the dynamic performance of electromechanical actuators, which was conducted as part of prototype development of such actuators studied and built for NASA-Johnson Space Center as a prospective alternative to hydraulic actuators presently used in shuttle orbiter applications. The resulting numerical simulations of the various machine and power conditioner current and voltage waveforms gave excellent correlation to the actual waveforms collected from actual hardware experimental testing. These results, numerical and experimental, are presented here for machine motoring, regeneration and dynamic braking modes. Application of the resulting model to the determination of machine current and torque profiles during closed-loop actuator operation were also analyzed and the results are given here. These results are given in light of an overall view of the actuator system components. The applicability of this method of analysis to design optimization and trouble-shooting in such prototype development is also discussed in light of the results at hand.     

笼型无刷双馈电机转子导条优化设计

针对笼型无刷双馈电机转子设计方法不完善的问题,从分析笼型无刷双馈电机的内部磁场入手,推导了无刷双馈电机在稳态运行时转子电流的解析表达式,利用迭代法在考虑转子电阻的情况下选择最合适的转子导条截面积,为笼型无刷双馈电机的转子设计提供了理论依据。通过有限元仿真,验证了理论推导的正确性。研究结果不仅有助于在设计时快速计算笼型无刷双馈电机转子电流,也有助于优化转子结构设计。     

小型电动无人机航程航时估算模型

小型电动无人机通常采用锂电池、无刷电机和螺旋桨组成能源动力系统,飞行过程中锂电池的实际工作电压发生变化,但飞机的总重量不变,其航程航时的估算方法与传统的燃油飞机有所不同。为了准确评估动力系统对飞机设计的影响,建立了以锂电池为动力的电动飞机推进系统模型,通过与实验数据比较,验证了各部分模型的准确性。利用该动力系统模型,对某款小型电动无人机进行了航程和航时估算,结果表明本文的建模方法准确有效,航程航时估算接近实验数据,可作为小型电动无人机设计的重要参考。     

集成化工艺设计图象编程智能系统研究

 对系统的智能模型,采用了规划原理和概念模拟方法描述系统的行为和知识;引入了加工特征单元的概念,认为零件是由一组加工特征单元构成的;研究了加工特征单元的表示模式、定义及其识别算法;研究了机床库、刀具库、切削数据库、加工方法的概念模型,详细地分析了加工方法、刀具、切削数据、机床选择的促成因素,并建立了它们的推理模型。     

电磁式双凸极电机电磁特性的理论分析

 对电磁式双凸极电机(DSEM) 的电磁特性进行理论分析。首先给出了定转子齿重叠角与转子位置角的关系式,从理论上验证了DSEM 所有极下定转子齿重叠角之和为常数。然后推导出电感和转矩的表达式,重点分析了DSEM 的电感和转矩特性,最后给出了仿真实例。理论分析与仿真结果均表明:DSEM 的电磁特性在许多方面不同于DSPM。本文将为DSEM 的进一步研究打下理论基础。     

无刷直流电动机数学模型

 本文介绍一种基于状态空间法和龙格-库塔算法的无刷直流电动机动态分析法。建立了α-β坐标系的无刷直流电动机的电路方程,阐述了获得该系统的精确解的数字仿真方法,同时给出了直流电抗对脉动转矩的影响,以及换流余角随负载交化的关系等数字仿真结果。     

基于CAM/CNC集成的航空大型薄壁件数控加工在机刀轨调整方法

航空大型薄壁零件刚性弱,加工过程中易产生超差变形,需要对零件进行在机检测,并将检测数据反馈给CAM系统进行拟合并调整刀轨。以上过程需要在不同部门和系统间进行切换,严重影响了生产效率。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于CAM/CNC集成的航空大型薄壁件数控加工在机刀轨调整方法。建立了CAM/CNC集成框架,并构建了用于CAM/CNC间信息传递的动态特征信息模型,基于CAM系统离线生成特征理论中间状态,基于CNC系统建立特征实际中间状态检测点同理论中间状态的映射关系。通过分析理论厚度和实际厚度,确定特征中间状态的变形情况。针对变形导致特征中间状态加工余量无法包络符合公差要求的最终加工状态的情况,进行在机刀轨调整。基于所提出的方法开发的航空大型薄壁件数控加工在机刀轨调整系统在某大型航空企业得到了应用验证,可有效避免信息的反复传递,减少了工艺人员的重复劳动,提高了生产效率。     

基于改进HOG特征的空间非合作目标检测

传统的非合作目标检测方法大都基于一定的匹配模板,这不仅需要预先指定先验信息,进而设计合适的检测模板,而且同一模板只能对具有相似形状的目标进行检测,不易直接用于检测形状未知的非合作目标。为降低检测过程中对目标形状等先验信息的要求,借鉴基于规范化梯度的物体区域估计方法,提出一种基于改进方向梯度直方图特征的目标检测方法,首先构建包含有自然图像和目标图像的训练数据集;然后提取标记区域的改进方向梯度直方图特征,以更好地保持局部特征的结构性,并根据级联支持向量机训练模型,从数据集中自动学习目标物体的判别特征;最后,将训练后的模型用于检测测试集图像中的目标。实验结果表明,算法在由4953幅和100幅图像构成的测试集中分别取得94.5%和94.2%的检测率,平均每幅图像的检测时间约为0.031 s,具有较低的时间开销,且对目标的旋转及光照变化具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Robust wavelet neuro control for linear brushless motors

Design, simulation and experimental implementation of a wavelet basis function network learning controller for linear brushless dc motors (LBDCM) are considered. Stability robustness with position tracking is the primary concern. The proposed controller deals mainly with external disturbances, e.g. nonlinear friction force and payload variation in motion control of linear motors. It consists of two parts, one is a state feedback component, and the other one is a learning feedback component. The state feedback controller is designed on the basis of a simple linear model, and the learning feedback component is a wavelet neural controller. The attenuation effect of wavelet neural networks on friction force is first verified by the numerical method. The learning effect of wavelet neural networks on friction force is also shown in the numerical results. Then, a wavelet neural network is applied on a real LBDCM to on-line suppress the friction force, which may be variable due to the different lubrication. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated by simulated and experimental results.     

电磁式无刷交流同步发电机的MATLAB/PSB建模

 针对电磁式无刷交流同步发电机建模分析的困难 ,提出一种在MATLAB环境中为此类电机构造PSB模型的方法 ,即利用PSB中的测量元件模块和受控电源模块沟通电机的数学模型与电路拓扑模型 ,从而实现了高效率、高质量的“电路—电机—控制”系统的混合仿真。这一建模方法有效地解决了带电力电子装置的复杂电机控制仿真问题 ,并可方便地推广到各种机电混合系统的建模分析中。     

一种空间有源太阳翼铰链机构设计与研究

针对某空间微纳卫星太阳翼铰链机构的任务需求,设计了一种采用空间步进电机、无刷旋变、减速机构、微动开关、可重复部署展收和锁定的适应空间应用环境的轻质小型化、高可靠太阳翼铰链机构,开展了整机模态参数分析,并完成了工程样机试验验证。试验结果表明,该机构具有较高的定位精度、较大的负载能力和较好的环境适应性,可为后续空间有源微纳卫星太阳翼铰链机构研制提供参考。     

基于隐马尔科夫模型的故障诊断系统研究

在制造行业中,机械设备的状态检测技术能提供关于设备运行状态的实时信息,为避免生产损失和减少设备的致命故障提供保障。提出了一套基于小波变换和隐马尔科夫模型(Hidden Markov Models,HMMs)的故障检测系统。提出了小波模极大值分布(Wavelet Modulus Maxima Distribution),并将之定义为诊断系统的观察量加以验证。同时该系统采用在线模型参数估计和培训算法,通过选取能最大化对数似然度的HMM模型,确定设备所处状态。     

Start-up current adaptive control for sensorless high-speed brushless DC motors based on inverse system method and internal mode controller

The start-up current control of the high-speed brushless DC (HS-BLDC) motor is a chal-lenging research topic. To effectively control the start-up current of the sensorless HS-BLDC motor, an adaptive control method is proposed based on the adaptive neural network (ANN) inverse system and the two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) internal model controller (IMC). The HS-BLDC motor is identified by the online least squares support vector machine (OLS-SVM) algo-rithm to regulate the ANN inverse controller parameters in real time. A pseudo linear system is developed by introducing the constructed real-time inverse system into the original HS-BLDC motor system. Based on the characteristics of the pseudo linear system, an extra closed-loop feed-back control strategy based on the 2-DOF IMC is proposed to improve the transient response per-formance and enhance the stability of the control system. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method is effective and perfect start-up current tracking perfor-mance is achieved.     

基于dSPACE的电动汽车电机调速控制策略研究

为了解决电动汽车无刷直流轮毂电机控制中普遍存在的调速不精确、转速响应慢和自适应性较差等问题,通过分析轮毂电机调速系统特性,研究其对电动汽车整车性能的影响。依据无刷直流电机(BLDCM)简化数学模型,从速度调节角度分析讨论了控制策略,并以电机转速响应迅速且稳定为控制目标,搭建了基于dSPACE的BLDCM快速控制原型试验平台,深入讨论了转速模糊PI控制策略对整车性能的影响。试验结果表明,模糊PI闭环控制策略能有效改善电机的调速性能,提高无刷直流轮毂电机电动汽车行驶的稳定性。     

An adaptive controller for current-fed induction motor

A model reference speed adaptive controller for a current-fed induction motor drive is proposed. It uses a proportional-plus-integral (PI) adaptation to satisfy the hyperstability condition for taking care of the load and machine parameter changes of the drive. The available information on the states and output of the reference model as well as the plant output are all that are required for the control; no explicit parameter identification is needed. The controller can be designed by using a reduced reference model to simplify the design without much degradation of the performance, so that it is relatively easy to implement practically     

航空电机及控制器的温度场仿真分析

对一种航空用高功率密度无刷直流电机,建立电机和控制器一体的三维热仿真模型。根据电机系统内部热交换及传热学相关理论,确定系统内散热系数与热边界条件,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对建立的热仿真模型进行温度场仿真与分析,得到了不同环境温度变化情况下电机和控制器的温度场分布和温度对时间变化的曲线。经与试验得到数据进行对比分析,验证了仿真的准确性。这对电机和控制器的设计与温度场计算提供了依据。     

某型直升机发电机带不对称负载时的模型分析

直升机电磁式无刷同步发电机系统带不对称负载时,系统的性能分析对飞机电网来说非常重要。而常用仿真平台MATLAB软件中,电磁式无刷交流同步发电机模型不能用于不对称负载的仿真分析,针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于abc/dq0变换的新型同步电机仿真模型,有效解决了系统带不对称负载时的建模问题。基于所建模型进行了一系列仿真分析,仿真结果验证了该模型的正确性和可行性,为直升机发电机系统分析与设计提供了有效方法。     

Simulation of Permanent Magnet Generator/Rectifier Combination

Permanent magnet generators are often used as the pilot exciters of three-stage generating units to provide an efficient and reliable source of electrical power. No external power supply is then necessary, and the problems associated with brushwear and with arcing at the rubbing contacts are eliminated. A technique is presented here by which the performance of a permanent magnet generator, when combined with a rectifier-fed d.c. load at its output terminals, may be accurately and efficiently computed. The machine model takes into account the magnetization characteristic of the permanent magnet rotor and involves only parameters which can be determined from terminal measurements on the machine at standstill. Both computed and measured characteristics for an experimental machine are presented, and a comparison of these characteristics shows that the model can predict accurately all the major characteristics of the machine, as well as its detailed internal performance, when supplying a typical resistiveinductive load.