IPIX雷达海尖峰统计特性研究

根据雷达海尖峰构成原理，以K分布为模型，提出了海尖峰的统计特性分析方法，并使用该方法对IPIX雷达实测海杂波数据进行了统计特性分析，分析结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

海杂波条件异方差特性分析与波动信息提取

由于低擦地角、高海况等易引起雷达海杂波序列的局部剧烈波动,传统的统计分布模型难以描述突然出现的具有冲激特性的强回波,因此,针对这一问题,将广义自回归条件异方差(Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity,GARCH)模型引入海杂波建模中,通过 GARCH模型阶数步进搜索结合残差序列方差齐性检验,实现了海杂波数据的波动信息提取。经 X波段雷达实测数据验证,所提出的波动信息提取方法,可以很好地提取实测海杂波数据在局部区域或时间段内的波动信息,为特征检测方法设计提供有效的特征支撑。     

扫描模式航管监视雷达风电场杂波检测与抑制

近年来,全球风力发电装机容量呈指数增长。研究表明,风轮机对其附近的航管(ATC)监视雷达会产生严重影响。风轮机杂波的有效检测及抑制,对于保证空中交通安全具有重要意义。首先提出了基于回波谱宽特征的航管监视雷达的风轮机杂波检测方法。针对扫描模式下航管监视雷达频谱分辨率较低的问题,将基于自回归(AR)模型的超分辨率方法和质量中心的概念应用于雷达回波的快速谱宽和谱中心估计算法中,提高谱宽估计的精度。其次针对扫描模式下的风轮机回波数据不是一个完整周期数据的问题,基于缺省数据幅度和相位估计(GAPES)算法实现了扫描模式下风轮机雷达回波缺省数据的估计,而后利用风轮机杂波的周期性抑制风轮机杂波。该算法实现了风轮机杂波的有效检测和抑制,并且其不受限于风轮机与飞机目标在同一个距离单元的情况。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

海杂波谱的机理及时变特性分析

针对海杂波背景下目标检测问题的实际需求,在机理分析的基础上,利用实测数据对海杂波谱的时变特性进行了分析。首先,分析了波束照射区域内由海表面波浪运动引起的多普勒频移和展宽现象,以及随雷达工作参数之间的依赖关系;然后,对已有海杂波谱机理研究结果进行了分析和总结。在此基础上,利用加窗的周期图法估计得到海杂波的时间-多普勒谱,进而从相关时间的统计特性、谱宽与时域海杂波拖尾程度的依赖关系两个层面对海杂波谱的时变特性进行了分析。分析结果可为海杂波谱建模、海杂波抑制及目标检测方法设计提供理论指导。     

外弹道节省参数的抗差估计

基于天基和地基测量的融合估计是高精度外弹道参数估计的发展趋势。然而在这些测量数据中,普遍存在粗差和模型偏差,直接影响参数的估计精度。针对此问题,本文结合双星定位系统、地面光学和雷达的联合测量,建立了基于抗差估计方法的外弹道节省参数估计模型,给出了算法流程和步骤。仿真表明,该算法确实能有效降低粗差和模型偏差对估计精度的影响,相比传统的节省参数估计方法,该算法确实有效。     

海杂波FRFT域分形特征在动目标检测中的应用

文中研究了海上动目标雷达回波与海杂波在分数阶Fourier域(FRFT域)的分形特性,利用两者幅值起伏程度的不同,提出了一种基于FRFT域分形维数差异的动目标检测方法。该方法以处处连续而不可导的非平稳不规则信号模型——分数布朗运动作为FRFT域分形模型,通过仿真分析实测海杂波数据的分形曲线,证明海杂波在FRFT域的无标度区间内具有分形特性。提取出FRFT域海杂波与动目标回波的分形维数,并利用其固有的差异进行目标检测。经不同极化方式下海杂波数据仿真,验证了算法的有效性。     

海杂波视景仿真

雷达图像的生成在训练模拟器视景仿真研究中意义重大.在对海作战仿真中,海杂波仿真是对海雷达图像仿真研究的重点.文章在比较海杂波概率分布模型的基础上,探讨了复合K分布实现方法,并应用Vega和Creator等软件实现海杂波视景仿真,生成了由海杂波形成的雷达图像,取得了较好效果,具有一定的借鉴意义.     

低空目标双雷达联合定位方法研究

针对海上靶场雷达对低空、远距离小目标的测量数据中存在大量的地海杂波干扰,陆海结合试验环境复杂,大气参数难以精确测量,电波折射修正困难,多径影响较大,以及自身的开环跟踪模式等因素,导致雷达俯仰角测量误差较大的问题,在充分利用靶场雷达测量网布站特点的基础上,提出了一种利用2台雷达共有段落的方位角和斜距信息,构建双雷达联合定位模型,完成目标弹道解算的方法。实测数据与仿真数据综合测试表明,通过使用该方法可有效解决雷达俯仰角测量信息超差对整体测量结果的影响,同时提高了靶场雷测数据处理的精度和可靠性。     

基于小波变换的海杂波分布特性分析

提出了用小波变换对海杂波分布进行统计分析,利用小波多分辨分析估计海杂波的概率密度函数,通过拟合识别分布并求取参数,改变以往先假定海杂波分布识别的方法,克服了因为噪声的存在直接由海杂波数据估计分布参数不准确的缺点。通过适当地调整小波多分辨分析的阈值,可以获得更逼真的海杂波概率密度函数,适应各种海况下的海杂波分析。     

基于空域特性的低空空域雷达目标检测

为实现基于非相参雷达的低空空域监视,提出一种基于空域特性的杂波抑制算法,通过构造"最优分类面"来区分复杂低空空域雷达图像中的小弱目标和杂波,极大改善了非相参雷达的低空探测能力。首先,采用背景差分与固定阈值分割建立前景和背景统计模型。然后,基于该模型提取空域特性,建立马尔可夫随机场模型,从而自适应地调节"最优分类面"中的阈值。前景模型数据反映了待检测像素的聚集程度,背景模型数据反映了其相对位置。将本算法分别应用于X波段和S波段航海雷达获取的图像序列。检测结果表明:本算法在检测到低空空域小弱目标的同时,能够将虚警率保持在较低的水平,优于恒虚警检测等经典算法。最后,将本算法与已经实现的目标跟踪算法相结合,实现了一整套完整的低空空域雷达目标检测与跟踪算法。     

Detection of small objects in clutter using a GA-RBF neural network

Detection of small objects in a radar or satellite image is an important problem with many applications. Due to a recent discovery that sea clutter, the electromagnetic wave backscatter from a sea surface, is chaotic rather than purely random, computational intelligence techniques such as neural networks have been applied to reconstruct the chaotic dynamic of sea clutter. The reconstructed sea clutter dynamical system which usually takes the form of a nonlinear predictor does not only provide a model of the sea scattering phenomenon, but it can also be used to detect the existence of small targets such as fishing boats and small fragments of icebergs by observing abrupt changes in the prediction error. We applied a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain an optimal reconstruction of sea clutter dynamic based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. This GA-RBF uses a hybrid approach that employes a GA to search for the optimum values of the following RBF parameters: centers, variance, and number of hidden nodes, and uses the least square method to determine the weights. It is shown here that if the functional form of an unknown nonlinear dynamical system can be represented exactly using an RBF net (i.e., no approximation error), this GA-RBF approach can reconstruct the exact dynamic from its time series measurements. In addition to the improved accuracy in modeling sea clutter dynamic, the GA-RBF is also shown to enhance the detectability of small objects embedded in the sea. Using real-life radar data that are collected in the east coast of Canada by two different radar systems: a ground-based radar and a satellite equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we show that the GA-RBF network is a reliable detector for small surface targets in various sea conditions and is practical for real-life search and rescue, navigation, and surveillance applications     

Radar Detection in Weibull Clutter

Radar detection in Weibull clutter is examined from a statistical detection viewpoint. Weibull clutter parameters are determined and related to measured values of land and sea clutter. Optimum performance in Weibull clutter is determined, and practical receivers that approach this performance are identified. Receiver performance in Rayleigh, log-normal, and Weibull clutter is evaluated and compared.     

HRR Detector for Slow-Moving Targets in Sea Clutter

The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied upon the radial velocity of targets with respect to the radar platform either by exploiting the relative target Dopplers (for targets with sufficient radial velocity) or by discerning the paths targets traverse from scan to scan. For targets with little to no radial velocity component, though, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. This paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter using a high resolution radar (HRR) such that the target has perceptible extent in range. Under the assumption of completely random sea clutter spikes based on an epsiv-contaminated mixture model with the signal and clutter powers known, optimal detection performance results from using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). However, for realistic sea clutter, the clutter spikes tend to be a localized phenomenon. Based upon observations from real radar data measurements, a heuristic approach exploiting a salient aspect of the idealized LRT is developed which is shown to perform well when applied to real measured sea clutter.     

Dim target detection using high order correlation method

This work presents a method for clutter rejection and dim target track detection from infrared (IR) satellite data using neural networks. A high-order correlation method which recursively computes the spatio-temporal cross-correlations between data of several consecutive scans is developed. The implementation of this scheme using a connectionist network is presented. Several important properties of the high-order correlation method which indicate that the resultant filtered images capture all the target information are established. The simulation results obtained with this approach show at least 93% clutter rejection. Further improvement in the clutter rejection rate is achieved by modifying the high-order correlation method to incorporate the target motion dynamics. The implementation of this modified high-order correlation using a high-order neural network architecture is demonstrated. The simulation results indicate at least 97% clutter rejection rate for this method. A comparison is also made between the methods developed here and the conventional frequency domain three-dimensional (3-D) filtering scheme, and the simulation results are provided     

三种两样本非参量CFAR检测算法分析

介绍了3种两样本非参量CFAR检测算法的基本工作原理,利用实测未知统计概率分布海杂波数据对它们的检测性能进行了研究,并与参量CA-CFAR检测器进行了对比.研究表明:在强海杂波条件下,GS-CFAR检测器的检测性能最优;在弱海杂波条件下,Savage-CFAR检测器的检测性能最优;相比于CA-CFAR检测器,3种两样本...     

基于优化最小二乘支持向量机的小样本预测研究

统计学中的预测问题主要是通过对已知数据的分析,找到数据内在的相互依赖关系,从而获得对未知数据的预测能力。该文提出了最小二乘支持向量机参数优化方法———多层动态自适应优化算法,构建了基于最小二乘支持向量机的预测模型,并对Ti 26合金的性能预测进行了研究。结果表明:优化的最小二乘支持向量机具有优秀的小样本数据学习能力和预测能力。