基于H_∞回路成形的无人直升机动态逆控制研究

针对微小型无人直升机动力学模型的控制需求,结合H_∞回路成形控制和动态逆控制的特点,分别将动态逆算法应用到角速率控制回路和姿态角控制回路,同时应用H_∞回路成形控制方法对姿控模型进行成形,建立3通道控制器,并与经典PID控制效果进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,基于H_∞回路成形的动态逆控制在控制效果及抗扰能力上优于经典PID控制律。在此基础上,采用AF25B微小型无人直升机飞行验证平台对算法进行了初步飞行验证。     

一种基于参数辨识的微小型无人直升机建模方法

 针对具有高度非线性、复杂动力学特性的微小型无人直升机，提出了一种基于参数辨识的建模方法。该方法结合了机理建模和系统辨识的优点，通过严格的机理推导建立了微小型无人直升机横纵向通道通用的参数化模型，建模过程着重考虑了主旋翼、平衡杆和机身的耦合对飞行动态特性的影响。利用基于偏相干分析法的频域辨识获得某型无人直升机的关键参数，进而确定模型。模型预测数据和飞行试验数据的比较表明，所建模型很好地反映了该型无人直升机在悬停状态下的动态特性，可以在该状态下以此模型进行自主飞行控制器设计。     

基于DMC-PID复合控制的无人直升机飞控系统设计

建立了某型无人直升机的线性化模型,并对动态矩阵控制算法进行了相关的理论研究,结合经典的PID控制应用至某型无人直升机飞行控制系统控制律.经仿真验证,该设计方法可行、合理.     

基于Giotto的控制系统设计及控制方法研究

<正>无人直升机研究的关键问题是飞行控制问题,在无人直升机飞行控制系统中,发动机自动控制是实现无人直升机自主飞行的前提和关键。良好的发动机控制系统能最大限度发挥发动机的功能,提高无人直升机的安全飞行性能。发动机具有非线性特性,作为无人直升机动力驱动源,它的动态响应特性会随无人直升机飞行状况改变而变化。     

微小型飞行器惯性组合姿态确定与航路导航研究

构建了微小型飞行器(MAV)导航、制导与控制(GNC)系统。研究了微惯性导航测量单元零偏的温度建模及非正交误差的多位置标定补偿方法,提出微小型飞行器导航、制导与控制系统闭环条件下,利用导航、制导与控制回路的飞行状态特征信息的微惯性组合导航系统滤波算法,根据微小型飞行器飞行状态实时调整卡尔曼滤波器的观测噪声方差,有效提高了动态过程中姿态测量精度和微小型飞行器的飞行平稳度。完成了组合导航系统滤波算法验证飞行试验及自主姿态稳定和航路飞行试验。飞行试验表明:微小型飞行器实现了自主姿态稳定与长距离超视距航路点导航飞行,航路点导航误差小于30 m,惯性组合姿态确定与航路导航系统及算法满足微小型飞行器自主飞行对导航系统的需求。     

模型直升机悬停状态下飞行力学模型辨识

 直升机飞行力学模型的准确性对于直升机的控制系统设计具有非常重要的影响。采用常规的建模方法往往很难获得准确的飞行力学模型。为满足飞行控制系统设计的需要,提出了一种直升机飞行力学模型的系统辨识建模方法。该方法将机理建模方法与辨识建模方法相结合,首先利用状态子空间法获得直升机的近似飞行力学模型,再将机理建模提供的先验知识与子空间法辨识得到的模型相融合,限定主要参数,采用误差预报法进一步寻优得到较准确的直升机飞行力学模型。通过飞行试验,成功地辨识得到了悬停状态下模型直升机状态空间方程表达的线化飞行力学模型。所得的辨识结果能够准确预测出模型直升机的响应,可以应用于飞行控制系统设计当中。     

某型无人直升机飞控系统仿真研究

介绍了某型无人直升机飞行控制系统半实物仿真系统的组成、原理和实现方法。在仿真系统中，采用Windows平台实现了无人直升机飞行动力学模型的实时解算，解决了在多任务平台上进行实时仿真的关键问题。通过对某型无人直升机飞行控制系统半实物仿真结果的分析和研究，确定了无人直升机飞行控制规律，并整定了控制参数。     

微小型直升机非线性鲁棒控制器设计

针对含有未建模动态的微小型直升机非线性模型,设计了基于反步法和自适应模糊系统的自主飞行控制器.该控制器包含两个回路:航迹控制外回路和姿态控制内回路.外回路通过旋转矩阵实现对内回路姿态的控制,而非传统的欧拉角或姿态四元数.控制器采用自适应Takagi-Sugeno(TS)模糊系统在线补偿系统未建模动态的影响,并利用反步法完成控制器综合.所设计的算法在确保整个控制系统稳定性的同时又可保证系统能够有效应对未建模动态的影响.系统仿真结果表明,在盘旋上升飞行模态下控制系统能够快速准确地跟踪预设轨迹,并且具有良好的鲁棒性能.     

直升机地形跟踪控制的广义预测控制方法

探讨了广义预测控制(GPC)方法应用于直升机贴地飞行时地形跟踪控制的可行性．该方法通过最小化预测跟踪误差与预测控制增量的加权二次型性能指标来产生动态系统的最优控制输入。仿真结果表明，广义预测控制方法能够有效地减小跟踪误差，从而实现精确的地形跟踪。     

直升机飞行与动力装置综合控制仿真

直升机飞行/动力装置综合控制(IFPC)是一个复杂大系统,本文根据对直升机飞行与动力装置的耦合关系分析,开展了直升机IFPC问题研究.应用大系统控制理论,建立了直升机IFPC一体化模型.研究了黑鹰直升机在悬停状态下综合控制模型操纵量改变的动态响应以及对其性能的影响.     

模糊控制在进场航班调度优化中的应用

对终端区进场航班排序的实际运行程序进行了深入的分析研究，在国内首次提出将模糊控制理论应用于进场航班排序的想法．设计了排序算法，并利用MATLAB模糊工具箱进行了仿真计算，得到了合理可行的排序结果.     

Modeling and Backstepping-based Nonlinear Control Strategy for a 6 DOF Quadrotor Helicopter

In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable, so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The control strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights.     

Observer-based control for the platform of a tethered space robot

This paper addresses the attitude control problem of a space tethered robot platform in the presence of unknown external disturbance caused by a connecting elastic tether. The tether-generated unknown disturbance leads to tremendous challenges for attitude control of the platform. In this work, the perturbed attitude dynamics of the platform are derived with a consideration of the libration of the elastic tether, and then with the purpose of compensating the unknown disturbance, major attention is dedicated to develop a nonlinear disturbance observer based on gyros measurements, after which, an adaptive attitude scheme is proposed by combining the disturbance observer with a sliding mode controller. Finally, benefits from the observer based on an adaptive controller are validated by series of numerical simulations.     

Network analysis of Chinese air transport delay propagation

The Chinese air transport system has witnessed an important evolution in the last dec-ade, with a strong increase in the number of flights operated and a consequent reduction of their punctuality. In this contribution, we propose modelling the process of delay propagation by using complex networks, in which nodes are associated to airports, and links between pairs of them are assigned when a delay propagation is detected. Delay time series are analysed through the well-known Granger Causality, which allows detecting if one time series is causing the dynamics observed in a second one. Results indicate that delays are mostly propagated from small and regio-nal airports, and through flights operated by turbo-prop aircraft. These insights can be used to design strategies for delay propagation dampening, as for instance by including small airports into the system's Collaborative Decision Making.     

Space dust high-velocity particle influence on electronic equipment

Determination of failure causes of the control systems and navigation electronic elements of space flying vehicles (SFV), observed in the process of long-time flights, is of current importance. Failures of the control systems in the process of long-time flights considerably reduce their reliability and, consequently, raise expenses in this field. In particular, this requires an additional backup of satellites-retransmitters, which results in an increase of the number of SFV launches. At present, experts are actively elaborating the hypothesis that one of the most probable causes of the SFV electronic system failures are the flows of the space dust particles, moving in the near-Earth and interplanetary space, and possessing velocities from 7.8 km/sec to 16 km/sec. The flows of the high energy (Galactic) ions, for a number of cases, are considered to be the basic cause of the destruction of electronic control systems. This, in particular, makes it possible to explain the failures in flights to Mars of the autonomous space modules performed by the European and American space agencies. The optimum flight route to Mars passes through agglomerations of dust clouds, which necessitates a high probability of collision for the flying vehicles with dust clots. Therefore, the success of the American research module is quite logical, which was done with the highest deviation from the optimum route.     

空间飞行器抓捕非合作目标后的复合控制

随着空间技术的不断发展，空间飞行器抓取非合作目标的稳定控制技术变得日益重要。基于拉格朗日动力学原则对空间飞行器进行动力学建模，考虑了非合作目标的未知参数、空间飞行器模型的不确定性及存在外部干扰的情况，理论分析了自适应控制及基于非线性干扰观测控制的可行性，并对比了二者的优缺点。在此基础上提出了一种可以在线精确估计非合作目标未知参数的复合控制方法，并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明，所提方法能够将所有参数的估计误差限制在很小的范围内，相对于自适应控制方法有了显著改善。     

大型航空运输企业航班恢复系统(RM)应用研究

随着航空公司机队规模和运营航线的不断扩大,在发生大面积航班延误时,航空公司需要快速计算出最优的航班恢复方案。为了提高运行控制效率,探索一种优化控制的方法,根据经济效益、航班正常等不同的目标要求,计算出最优的运行方案,最终达到快速、高效地调配航班。分析了大型航空运输企业不正常航班恢复的主要场景,在此基础上筛选了制约航班恢复的关键约束条件,设计了航班恢复和校验的基本逻辑,通过应对台风处置的实际案例,验证了某大型航司和美国世博公司的航班恢复系统(RM)在实际案例应用中的效果,总结了该航班恢复系统的优点和存在的风险及短板。实践表明,该系统可缩短2 h航班运行恢复时间,平均每个受影响航班减少延误30 min,减少相应的成本2万元,提升整体航班正常率3%~5%。     

Applications of Optimally Sensitive Control to Systems Involving Time-Varying Uncertainties

The implementation of control systems capable of identifying and adapting to time-varying unknown parameters has become increasingly important in air-traffic control and other applications. In the recent literature the control problem, in which both the initial state vector as well as a vector of constant plant parameters are unknown, has been treated utilizing sensitivity techniques referred to as optimally sensitive control. The concepts of optimally sensitive control as developed by Kokotovic, Perkins, Cruz, and others are extended to the problem in which the state dynamics contain a vector of stochastic inputs which can be represented as Martingale processes. The resulting optimally sensitive system is shown to be an effective and realistic adaptive controller for systems containing unknown time-varying parameters. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting control system at identifying and adapting to the levels of the unknown time-varying inputs.     

Thermal comfort assessment in civil aircraft cabins

Aircraft passengers are more and demanding in terms of thermal comfort. But it is not yet easy for aircraft crew to control the environment control system(ECS) that satisfies the thermal comfort for most passengers due to a number of causes. This paper adopts a corrected predicted mean vote(PMV) model and an adaptive model to assess the thermal comfort conditions for 31 investigated flights and draws the conclusion that there does exist an uncomfortable thermal phenomenon in civil aircraft cabins, especially in some short-haul continental flights. It is necessary to develop an easy way to predict the thermal sensation of passengers and to direct the crew to control ECS. Due to the assessment consistency of the corrected PMV model and the adaptive model, the adaptive model of thermal neutrality temperature can be used as a method to predict the cabin optimal operative temperature. Because only the mean outdoor effective temperature ET* of a departure city is an input variable for the adaptive model, this method can be easily understood and implemented by the crew and can satisfy 80–90% of the thermal acceptability levels of passengers.     

电传操纵系统在民用客机中的新发展

３０年来,随着自动控制理论和计算机技术的飞速发展,使飞行器自动控制系统目臻完善,为更好地完成复杂的飞行任务提供了可靠保证。飞机在操纵系统也发生了巨大变化,操纵杆系和钢索已被电线所取代,计算机和所馈信号在飞行操纵系统中的引入,使飞机的操纵性能产生了质的飞跃。介绍了目前中国民航使用的新型客机中电传操纵系统的一些新发展。