基于多方向多尺度的强噪声图像边缘检测算法

在噪声图像中如何有效地提取边缘是图像分析中的难点,至今还没有得到圆满解决。本文在修正的广义形态边缘检测算子的基础上,提出了基于多方向多尺度的强噪声图像边缘检测算法。该算法既能检测出具有方向性的边缘,还能有效抑制无方向性的噪声。为验证算法的有效性,针对强噪声图像进行了边缘获取实验,实验结果证明,该算法对获取强噪声的图像边缘是非常有效的。     

基于红外图像的返回舱被动测距

针对飞船返回段光学设备不能测距的问题,提出一种基于红外序列图像处理的返回舱被动测距方法。该方法选择主伞作为测量对象,利用最小外接矩形算法实现主伞轮廓图像测量,然后基于小孔成像理论,建立返回舱被动测距模型。为了减小图像噪声及边缘模糊对测量精度的影响,使用了前站引导数据修正以及距离值分段拟合等手段。实验结果表明,在没有连续云层遮蔽情况下,该方法对返回舱距离测量是可靠的和有效的。     

恶劣天气下的仿生偏振定向方法

针对偏振光导航在恶劣天气下精度显著下降的问题,提出了一种可以在恶劣天气下基于大气偏振模式的定向算法。与现有方法相比,首次将三维块匹配与canny边缘检测结合的思想应用于修复被不同天气破坏的偏振角度图像中。具体而言,将偏振角度图像的修复分为噪声粗处理和边缘提取处理去噪两部分。在噪声粗处理阶段采用三维块匹配算法,在边缘提取处理去噪部分,利用canny边缘检测算法对偏振角度图像进行二次去噪。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够提高晴朗天空下的定向精度,而且能够显著提升在阴天、沙尘、雾霾等恶劣天气条件下的导航定向精度,即使在偏振角图像对称∞模式被破坏的情况下,航向角精度仍可由9.4470°提高到1.6859°。     

恶劣天气下的仿生偏振定向方法

针对偏振光导航在恶劣天气下精度显著下降的问题，提出了一种可以在恶劣天气下基于大气偏振模式的定向算法。与现有方法相比，首次将三维块匹配与canny边缘检测结合的思想应用于修复被不同天气破坏的偏振角度图像中。具体而言，将偏振角度图像的修复分为噪声粗处理和边缘提取处理去噪两部分。在噪声粗处理阶段采用三维块匹配算法,在边缘提取处理去噪部分，利用canny边缘检测算法对偏振角度图像进行二次去噪。实验结果表明，该方法不仅能够提高晴朗天空下的定向精度，而且能够显著提升在阴天、沙尘、雾霾等恶劣天气条件下的导航定向精度，即使在偏振角图像对称∞模式被破坏的情况下，航向角精度仍可由9.4470°提高到1.6859°。     

飞机发动机损伤图像的分割处理

在形态学边缘检测算子的基础上,综合应用了形态学中的腐蚀和膨胀,提出了一种改进的多尺度形态边缘检测算法,得到修正的边缘检测算子,减轻了图像边缘检测的模糊性,并有效降低了噪声对边缘检测的影响。通过实验得到噪声存在条件下较为理想的图像,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于Canny的改进图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测是图像处理领域中最重要的关键技术之一。针对经典边缘检测算法抗椒盐噪声性能较差及阈值选取适应性不强等问题，提出了一种基于Canny的算法架构，结合自适应中值滤波(Adaptive Median Filtering，AMF）、大津法(Otsu）以及最大熵法(Maximum Entropy Method，MEM）的改进图像边缘检测算法。该算法首先结合改进自适应中值滤波对图像降噪，从而在保留图像细节的同时较好地滤除了椒盐噪声干扰。而后利用基于Otsu和MEM提出的改进双阈值选取方法，获取自适应的高低阈值对图像边缘进行检测，边缘检测准确度可以达到96%以上。实验结果表明，本文算法在椒盐噪声干扰下针对背景复杂的图像有更好的边缘检测效果。     

自适应强杂波抑制与点状动目标检测

研究了基于自适应图像杂波抑制的微弱点状动目标检测技术。首先利用四叉树算法,将原始的非平稳图像分割成多个准平稳的图像子块,然后对各子块进行LS自适应背景杂波估计与抑制,从而获得准高斯白噪声背景;再利用目标运动连续性假设,将目标在相邻多帧上的位置状态模型化为高阶马尔可夫数据链,建立轨迹状态空间;根据该模型采用多帧沿轨迹非线性集成算法进行检测。既克服了传统的三维匹配算法造成搜索次数巨大的弱点,同时也避免了二维投影检测带来的信噪比下降。理论分析和大量仿真实验证明了其有效性。     

示温漆图像等温线提取算法

分析示温漆（TIP）图像特征，根据等温线附近产生局部梯度极值的特点，实验对比了4种边缘提取算法效果。根据实验结果，选用Canny算子提取等温线。提出在边缘提取前进行K means聚类处理，并对K means聚类算法和Canny算子进行了改进。提出了两种K means初始聚类中心的选择方法，更适于示温漆图像的分割。改进了Canny算子的内核，提升了等温线的质量。结果表明:该算法能够快速提取清晰、连续的等温线，效果良好，满足工程应用要求，已用于示温漆自动判读软件开发。      

基于信息论匀质性测度的各向异性扩散相干斑抑制算法

 针对传统各向异性扩散抑斑算法存在的均匀区域噪声平滑不充分、边缘随迭代弱化及迭代次数的确定缺乏理论指导等问题,提出了一种新的各向异性扩散抑斑算法,该算法采用信息论匀质性测度作为图像中匀质区域与边缘的鉴别因子,使扩散系数能够更准确地控制扩散强度与扩散速率,从而达到充分平滑均匀区域噪声及保护边缘的目的。基于各向异性扩散方程求解与鲁棒误差范数最小化的等效性,提出了一种各向异性扩散方程的迭代停止准则。利用合成孔径雷达图像对本文算法的抑斑和边缘保持性能进行了仿真实验验证。结果表明,本文算法在均匀区域相干斑噪声抑制、边缘保持等方面均取得了优于传统算法的效果。     

一种改进的形态学边缘提取算法

首次提出了这种新的形态学边缘检测算法.该方法通过用边缘检测算子检测边缘并判定其方向,根据判定的结果,对边缘处用于边缘提取的腐蚀膨胀结构元素增强,达到增强形态学边缘检测效果.相对于其他边缘提取算法,所提出的算法更准确地判定了边缘及其方向,很好地保持了边缘细节.     

Moving Object Detecting Method in Video

A method of moving object detection that integrates image gradient information with motion information is described herein. One multi-scale morphological gradient operator is used to detect gradient information. This operator has a very good effect on the detail of the edge location. The result is superior to the traditional method in edge continuity and isotropy. Past approaches have used methods of detection based on motion information and edge information, but this is the first to use a multi-scale morphological gradient operator. The implementation described can operate on lower resolution images under difficult conditions. Novel contributions include: 1. Based on multi-scale morphological gradient operator, this algorithm is robust to noise, object shadow, and illumination. 2. Using interframe difference and only the first two frames, this detection method uses very little computation and is suitable for real-time applications. 3. This method can detect rigid-body or non-rigid-body moving objects among video sequences with complicated backgrounds.     

基于提升小波和形态学的图像边缘检测算法

基于提升小波变换和形态学的基本理论,提出了一种提升小波和形态学相结合的图像边缘检测算法,算法充分利用了提升小波变换相对于传统小波变换快速而有效的完成小波分解和重构的算法优势。形态学运算在图像处理中具有独特的优势,利用其对图像膨胀和腐蚀的差运算来获取图像的边缘,取得了很好的效果。实验结果表明,算法边缘定位准确,抗噪能力强,检测出的图像边缘连续、平滑,是一种有效的边缘检测方法。     

MEMS冗余惯组小幅值故障检测的PCA算法设计和优化

当组成冗余惯组的陀螺为MEMS陀螺,而故障又为幅值比较小的阶跃故障时(仿真发现,阶跃故障幅值为陀螺噪声方差的10倍左右大小时),使用以往的PCA故障检验方法,陀螺噪声会造成故障检测的困难.针对这种情况,提出了MEMS冗余惯组小幅值故障检测的PCA(Principal Component Analysis)算法设计和优化的方法,在以往PCA算法的基础上结合假设检验算法,考虑了陀螺噪声的影响,降低了MEMS陀螺噪声对故障检测的影响.通过仿真验证,证实了本文算法比以往PCA算法具有更高的检测准确性和灵敏度,这对于提高整个系统的可靠性具有重要意义.     

基于属性形态学分析的图像显著极值检测及应用

由于图像噪声的存在,使得利用传统的极值检测算法通常会使要提取的显著极值淹没在大量的噪声极值中;同时由于先验知识的缺乏,采用普通滤波技术也往往不能很好的滤除噪声,反而会破坏图像的关键结构。本文提出了一种基于属性形态学分析的图像显著极值检测算法。该算法可以在不需要对图像进行滤波的前提下,从数学形态学的角度对图像极值的显著性进行计算和评估,从而能够较好地提取出显著的极值。在沉浸模拟算法的基础上,给出了基于属性形态学分析显著极值检测的快速算法实现,并将其成功应用在视觉注意选择和独立运动目标检测上。实践证明,该算法不仅具有较好的抗噪声特性,而且快速实用,具有广泛的应用价值。     

A Novel Speckle Filter for SAR Images Based on Informationtheoretic Heterogeneity Measurements

Most adaptive speckle filters are based on the local coefficient of variation, which serves to measure the heterogeneity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, the sensitivity of the measurements to speckle and noise of SAR images would greatly deteriorate the speckle reduction. This article, based upon the information theory, presents a novel parameter for the heterogeneity measurement as a general index to quantitate the SAR image heterogeneity. Further, as a new speckle reduction algorithm based on the aforesaid quantitative heterogeneity measurements, it puts forward a heterogeneity-based speckle reduction filter (HBSRF), which uses the information-theoretic heterogeneity measurements as a criterion to classify the SAR images as belonging to homogeneous or heterogeneous regions. Then the finite iteration procedure and edge detection algorithms are adopted to strike the best balance between speckle reduction and edge preservation. The results from the computer simulation have demonstrated that the proposed effective method is superior to the conventional speckle filters based on the local coefficient of variation both in textural preservation and speckle reduction.     

Spectral-spatial target detection based on data field modeling for hyperspectral data

Target detection is always an important application in hyperspectral image processing field. In this paper, a spectral-spatial target detection algorithm for hyperspectral data is proposed. The spatial feature and spectral feature were unified based on the data filed theory and extracted by weighted manifold embedding. The novelties of the proposed method lie in two aspects. One is the way in which the spatial features and spectral features were fused as a new feature based on the data field theory, and the other is that local information was introduced to describe the decision boundary and explore the discriminative features for target detection. The extracted features based on data field modeling and manifold embedding techniques were considered for a target detection task. Three standard hyperspectral datasets were considered in the analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed target detection algorithm based on data field theory was proved by the higher detection rates with lower False Alarm Rates (FARs) with respect to those achieved by conventional hyperspectral target detectors.     

涡轮叶片CT图像边缘提取的最优算子研究

为了解决叶片计算机断层(computed tomograghy,简称CT)图像边缘提取精度低效率差的问题,以解析法提取边缘的理论为基础,推导了适用于CT图像边缘提取的最优算子,并通过定量计算与模拟标准图像对最优算子的性能进行了分析,结果表明最优算子在抗噪、定位精度以及单像素响应等方面都比传统的边缘提取算子更为优越.实际应用最优算子提取的叶片边缘更光顺,噪声点以及伪边缘更少,进一步证明了最优算子在CT图像边缘提取方面有着明显的优势.      

An Application of Radiometric Techniques to Precision Angle Tracking Radar Systems

A new technique is described which provides for precision angle tracking of celestial radio sources with a conventional monopulse antenna receiving system. It is shown that this technique is readily adapted to angle tracking radars. The features of conventional monopulse operation are preserved while permitting precise angle tracking of noise sources when signal to noise ratios are much less than unity. Measurements, using a four-horn monopulse feed with a 28-foot parabolic reflector and a "monopulse radiometer" produced the characteristic monopulse angle detection functions when using the sun, the moon, and Cassiopeia A as boresight reference sources. Precision measurements were made to 8 arc second under varying weather conditions using 28-foot radio astronomy antennas. The accuracy of the measurements were limited by the antenna angle encoders, consequently no conclusions are drawn with regard to the absolute accuracy of the measurements. The celestial coordinates of four discrete radio sources and the equations for coordinate transformation to local elevation and azimuth are contained in the Appendixes.