三维混杂碳纤维/芳纶纤维增强尼龙复合材料力学性能研究

制备了三维混杂碳纤维／芳纶纤维增强尼龙复合材料(HY／PA)并对其力学性能进行了测试。研究表明：由于芳纶纤维的加入，使碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料(CF／PA)的抗冲击性能有了显著提高，HY／PA的抗冲击强度随芳纶纤维体积分数的增大而有所提高；另外，HY／PA在改善CF／PA的横向剪切强度的同时，也改善了芳纶纤维增强尼龙复合材料(KF／PA)的纵向剪切强度；同时，混杂效应对HY／PA的弯曲性能的影响最为显著，HY／PA的弯曲强度、弯曲模量均高于任一种单一纤维复合材料。     

CSM玻璃钢层间剪切断裂

 本文对CSM-GRP层间剪切断裂用实验与分析方法进行了研究。用英国标准BS4994规定的双槽试件拉剪法测量了层间剪切强度（ILSS）。用有限元法计算了应力分布、损伤扩展和复合型应力强度因子。并讨论了BS4994规定的这一试验方法的可靠性。     

原位聚合法制备三维编织纤维增强尼龙复合材料

选择液态原位聚合法成功地制备出性能较好的三维编织碳纤维增强尼龙6复合材料(C3D／PA6)及三维编织芳纶纤维增强尼龙6复合材料(K3D／PA6)；并对两种复合材料的力学性能进行了比较。研究发现，C3D／PA6的弯曲强度和弯曲模量均高于K3D／PA6，而K3D／PA6则比C3D／PA6具有更高的抗冲击强度和剪切强度。     

复合材料接头三维有限元技术研究

介绍了复合材料三维单元刚度矩阵，用三维有限元方法计算了复合材料层压耳片接头拉伸、剪切、弯曲载荷的问题；给出了孔边应力分布及弯曲时层间剪应力分布。结果表明：当载荷平行于铺层且沿厚度均匀分布时，应力沿厚度方向变化不大，主要与铺层角度有关；当载荷不平行铺层时，层间剪切应力和拉伸应力较大，是接头破坏的主要原因。     

树脂含量对F-8H3/602 芳纶复合材料性能的影响

探索研究了F-8H3/602芳纶织物增强树脂基复合材料层合板不同树脂含量对其冲击韧性、层间剪切强度及弯曲性能的影响,并采用显微镜及扫描电镜对破坏试样形貌进行观察。结果表明芳纶复合材料的树脂含量对其冲击韧性、层间剪切强度及弯曲性能影响较为明显,树脂含量为46.02wt%的芳纶复合材料层合板的0°冲击韧性为22 J/cm2、0°层间剪切强度为49.1 MPa、0°弯曲强度为506 MPa;在一定的树脂含量下,芳纶复合材料的0°冲击韧性、层间剪切强度及弯曲性能较90°的性能更优异;破坏试样的形貌表明纤维与树脂界面结合较为薄弱。     

玻璃纤维-铝锂合金层板基于飞机服役环境的高低温性能研究

为了探究玻璃纤维-铝锂合金层板(NFMLs)应用于飞机蒙皮结构时的服役性能,开展了该材料在-55~120℃温度条件下的力学性能研究。采用浮辊剥离和层间剪切试验评价其层间性能,通过拉伸、弯曲及面内剪切试验评价其静力学性能,并基于混合理论对NFMLs在高低温下的屈服强度进行计算分析。结果表明,NFMLs层间性能随温度升高整体呈下降趋势,拉伸弯曲强度具有优异的高低温性能,但刚度下降明显,屈服强度的变化规律较纯铝合金有所不同。NFMLs在-55~70℃范围内具有优异的高低温性能,120℃时性能明显恶化。     

活性添加剂B、Cr对C/C-SiC复合材料性能的影响

在采用“化学气相沉积和液相浸渍有机物先驱体”混合工艺制备C／C－SiC复合材料的基础上，在陶瓷先驱体中分别添加B，Cr填料，制备多组元材料，并分析添加剂B，Cr对C／C－SiC复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明，添加剂Cr能提高复合材料的弯曲强度约40％，但抗氧化性能和抗烧蚀性能却有所下降；添加剂B不仅能提高复合材料的弯曲强度，且在500℃－1000℃范围内改善了复合材料的抗氧化性能，其抗烧蚀性能也明显提高。     

国产中温固化热破胶膜性能

考察了一种适用于卫星太阳翼基板的国产中温固化胶膜的胶接性能和热破工艺性,并分别采用国产和进口胶膜,利用胶膜热破施胶方法制备了碳纤维网格面板/铝蜂窝芯夹层结构,对其弯曲性能进行评价。结果表明,国产胶膜的室温拉伸剪切强度（铝基材）为34.9 MPa,150 ℃时拉伸剪切强度降为10.2 MPa,-150 ℃时拉伸剪切强度降为30.4 MPa。碳纤维复合材料作为胶接基材时,室温拉伸剪切强度为17.5 MPa,破坏模式为基材分层破坏和胶黏剂内聚破坏的混合破坏模式。国产胶膜具有良好的热破工艺特性,在合适的工艺条件下,破孔率优于99.9%,90°板-芯剥离强度为15.4 N/cm;采用国产胶膜制备的蜂窝夹层结构的弯曲性能与采用进口Redux312UL的接近,弯曲刚度为1.94×10⁸ N·mm²,弯曲强度为35.7 MPa。     

热塑性复合材料原位成型过程铺层间结合强度

连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料自动铺放原位成型可以实现结构件在制造过程中一次成型，而不需进入热压罐后处理，属于"非热压罐"制造技术，故原位成型过程中铺层间的结合强度将直接决定最终结构件的性能。通过建立铺层间紧密接触模型及高温高压下分子链扩散模型，预测原位成型过程中铺层间的结合强度与成型工艺参数之间的关系，对原位成型工艺参数进行优化，并通过试验验证模型的正确性。试验结果表明，模型预测结果与试验结果基本相符，通过计算发现，压辊压力达到1500 N时，铺层间的紧密接触度才能达到1；通过提高升温速率的方式缩短分子链的扩散时间；原位成型试片的层间剪切强度（ILSS）仅达到热压罐成型的70%左右，因此还需对原位成型试片性能的其他影响因素进行分析。     

复合材料缝合结构的力学性能及湿热效应

试验研究了国产复合材料缝合结构的吸湿特性、基本力学性能及湿热效应，层板缝合后的吸湿量大约提高30％左右，弯曲强度下降20％左右，层间剪切强度提高大约20％；吸湿对缝合结构的性能影响不大，仅对压缩强度有15％左右的影响；高温严重影响缝合及未缝合结构的性能，特别是压缩性能，对缝合层板的影响大于未缝合层板，在170℃高温下，未缝合层板压缩强度保持率为17．8％，而缝合层板仅为14．6％，设计高温环境使用的缝合结构应特别注意。研究结果可供结构设计参考。     

基于漏斗试样的C250钢高温扭转低周疲劳行为

C250钢的扭转疲劳破坏是其主要失效形式之一。为了获得航空材料C250钢的扭转疲劳特性,并消除等直圆棒试样在扭转试验中产生的弊端,依据漏斗试样完成了C250钢在3种高温(150、200、350℃)环境下的扭转低周疲劳试验,获得了在扭转低周疲劳下的扭矩-名义扭转角曲线。基于试验结果,利用FAT方法分析得到了C250钢在3种高温环境下的材料循环本构关系,利用该循环本构关系对漏斗试样进行三维扭转有限元分析,获得漏斗根部剪切应力与扭矩之间的转换公式及漏斗根部剪切应变与名义扭转角之间的转换公式。基于以上试验与分析方法,得到了材料的剪切应变幅-倍循环次数曲线、剪切应力幅-循环分数曲线以及剪切应力-剪切应变的稳定滞回线,发现材料呈现出循环软化特性,并基于Manson-Coffin模型对材料寿命进行了分析。     

在匀速扩展剪切载荷作用下1/4空间的动力响应问题

 本文采用自相似方法第一次以封闭形式给出了在匀速扩展剪切载荷作用下1/4空间的动力响应,探讨了冲击波产生和发展的条件,以及在超高速冲击下材料破坏的不同机理。     

M2飞机的复合材料机翼静强度载荷及试验研究

M2轻型运动飞机机翼结构采用复合材料,通过静力试验对其机翼强度进行验证,对发现机翼结构设计薄弱环节以及结构改型和发展具有重要意义。首先分析ASTMF2245-16机翼强度适航条款的要求;然后通过对M2飞机载荷包线、环境影响系数、限制载荷和极限载荷的研究,计算得到复合材料机翼载荷;最后进行机翼限制载荷静力试验、机翼极限载荷静力试验和机翼破坏载荷静力试验,并对试验结果进行分析。结果表明:M2飞机的极限载荷满足试验要求,复合材料机翼试验破坏载荷相对设计极限载荷的偏差为2%,M2飞机的复合材料机翼结构设计满足静强度设计要求。     

冲击载荷下单螺栓连接结构力学行为试验与仿真研究

基于霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)装置,对发动机结构设计中广泛使用的螺栓连接结构开展了冲击试验,研究了冲击载荷作用下单螺栓结构的承载能力、损伤模式和失效机理,掌握了冲击速度、预紧力、装配间隙的影响规律.在瞬态显式动力学软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA中,对单螺栓连接结构...     

铝锂合金加筋壁板剪切屈曲性能

为研究剪切载荷下2A97铝锂合金加筋壁板的屈曲与后屈曲行为,设计了加筋壁板和夹具,完成了壁板的剪切试验;得到了加筋壁板的失稳载荷、破坏载荷以及破坏模式;采用受剪板屈曲与张力场理论计算了加筋壁板的剪切屈曲失稳载荷;建立有限元数值计算模型对加筋壁板屈曲行为进行计算分析,并将数值结果与试验结果对比。结果表明：加筋壁板的屈曲模式为筋条间蒙皮的局部屈曲;加筋壁板的破坏模式为沿加载对角线方向蒙皮的凸起,破坏原因为蒙皮的塑性变形、撕裂以及筋条的扭转变形;利用张力场理论可以得到较准确的屈曲失稳载荷,与试验误差为6.56%;数值模拟得到的屈曲与破坏模式与试验吻合,失稳载荷和极限载荷与试验结果误差分别为1.22%和11.52%。     

航空发动机桨轴有限元应力分析

为了研究航空涡桨发动机桨轴在飞行试验中所受的载荷问题,对某型发动机桨轴进行几何建模,并运用有限元软件ANSYS对桨轴在离心力、拉力、扭矩和弯矩作用下的应力进行了仿真计算,得出了起飞状态下的应力分布,对桨轴贴应变片部位的应力进行了分析,得出弯矩影响最大、扭矩次之、离心应力可以忽略的结论,为飞行试验提供了理论参考数据。     

In-situ observation and finite element analysis of fretting fatigue crack propagation behavior in 1045 steel

In this paper fretting fatigue crack behavior in 1045 steel is studied by in-situ observation and finite element analysis. in-situ fretting fatigue experiments are conducted to capture real-time fretting fatigue crack formation and propagation process. The fretting fatigue tests under different load conditions are carried out, then the lifetime and fracture surface are obtained. The crack propagation rates under different loading conditions are measured by in-situ observations. With in-situ observation, crack initiation location and direction are analyzed. Finite element model is used to calculate J-integral which then is applied to fitting with experimental crack growth rate, and establishing crack growth rate model. From fitted S-N curve, it turns out that smaller load ratio leads to higher lifetime. Crack initiates slightly below the point equivalent to line contact of the contact surface in different test conditions, and crack direction shows no obvious relationship with load parameters. The established crack growth rate model well agrees with the test results.     

Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity Modeling and Inversion for Shallow Structure at the Proposed InSight Landing Site in Elysium Planitia,Mars

The SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) instrument onboard the InSight mission will be the first seismometer directly deployed on the surface of Mars. From studies on the Earth and the Moon, it is well known that site amplification in low-velocity sediments on top of more competent rocks has a strong influence on seismic signals, but can also be used to constrain the subsurface structure. Here we simulate ambient vibration wavefields in a model of the shallow sub-surface at the InSight landing site in Elysium Planitia and demonstrate how the high-frequency Rayleigh wave ellipticity can be extracted from these data and inverted for shallow structure. We find that, depending on model parameters, higher mode ellipticity information can be extracted from single-station data, which significantly reduces uncertainties in inversion. Though the data are most sensitive to properties of the upper-most layer and show a strong trade-off between layer depth and velocity, it is possible to estimate the velocity and thickness of the sub-regolith layer by using reasonable constraints on regolith properties. Model parameters are best constrained if either higher mode data can be used or additional constraints on regolith properties from seismic analysis of the hammer strokes of InSight’s heat flow probe HP³ are available. In addition, the Rayleigh wave ellipticity can distinguish between models with a constant regolith velocity and models with a velocity increase in the regolith, information which is difficult to obtain otherwise.     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of composite materials

In order to analyze the stress and strain fields in the fibers and the matrix in composite materials,a fiber-scale unit cell model is established and the corresponding periodical boundary conditions are introduced.Assuming matrix cracking as the failure mode of composite materials,an energy-based fatigue damage parameter and a multiaxial fatigue life prediction method are established.This method only needs the material properties of the fibers and the matrix to be known.After the relationship between the fatigue damage parameter and the fatigue life under any arbitrary test condition is established,the multiaxial fatigue life under any other load condition can be predicted.The proposed method has been verified using two different kinds of load forms.One is unidirectional laminates subjected to cyclic off-axis loading,and the other is filament wound composites subjected to cyclic tension-torsion loading.The fatigue lives predicted using the proposed model are in good agreements with the experimental results for both kinds of load forms.     

An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Some Martian Regolith Simulants with Respect to the Surface Properties at the InSight Mission Landing Site

In support of the InSight mission in which two instruments (the SEIS seismometer and the \(\mbox{HP}^{3}\) heat flow probe) will interact directly with the regolith on the surface of Mars, a series of mechanical tests were conducted on three different regolith simulants to better understand the observations of the physical and mechanical parameters that will be derived from InSight. The mechanical data obtained were also compared to data on terrestrial sands. The density of the regolith strongly influences its mechanical properties, as determined from the data on terrestrial sands. The elastoplastic compression volume changes were investigated through oedometer tests that also provided estimates of possible changes in density with depth. The results of direct shear tests provided values of friction angles that were compared with that of a terrestrial sand, and an extrapolation to lower density provided a friction angle compatible with that estimated from previous observations on the surface of Mars. The importance of the contracting/dilating shear volume changes of sands on the dynamic penetration of the mole was determined, with penetration facilitated by the \(\sim1.3~\mbox{Mg/m}^{3}\) density estimated at the landing site. Seismic velocities, measured by means of piezoelectric bender elements in triaxial specimens submitted to various isotropic confining stresses, show the importance of the confining stress, with lesser influence of density changes under compression. A power law relation of velocity as a function of confining stress with an exponent of 0.3 was identified from the tests, allowing an estimate of the surface seismic velocity of 150 m/s. The effect on the seismic velocity of a 10% proportion of rock in the regolith was also studied. These data will be compared with in situ data measured by InSight after landing.