3D multiphysic simulations of energy field and material process in radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining

The radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining(RUR-EMM) combined rolling electrochemical micromachining(R-EMM) and ultrasonic vibration was studied in this paper. The fundamental understanding of the machining process especially the interaction between multiphysics in the interelectrode gap(IEG) was investigated and discussed by the finite element method. The multiphysics coupling model including flow field model, Joule heating model, material dissolution model and vibration model ...     

Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

Imaging of the Space-time Structure of a Vortex Generator in Supersonic Flow

The fine space-time structure of a vortex generator (VG) in supersonic flow is studied with the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) method in a quiet supersonic wind tunnel. The fine coherent structure at the symmetrical plane of the flow field around the VG is imaged with NPLS. The spatial structure and temporal evolution characteristics of the vortical structure are analyzed, which demonstrate periodic evolution and similar geometry, and the characteristics of rapid movement and slow change. Because the NPLS system yields the flow images at high temporal and spatial resolutions, from these images the position of a large scale structure can be extracted precisely. The position and velocity of the large scale structures can be evaluated with edge detection and correlation algorithms. The shocklet structures induced by vortices are imaged, from which the generation and development of shocklets are discussed in this paper.     

Multi-resolution Analysis of Density Fluctuation of Coherent Structures About Supersonic Flow over VG

The density field around a vortex generator (VG) in supersonic flow is studied with a nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) method. Based on the calibration, i.e., the density distribution of the supersonic flow around a wedge, the density field of a supersonic VG is measured. According to movement characteristics of coherent structure in VG’s flow fields and the basic concepts of wavelet, the density fluctuating signals and multi-resolution characteristics of density field images are studied. The multi-resolution characteristics of density fluctuation can be analyzed with wavelet transformation of NPLS images. The wavelet approximate coefficients of density fluctuating signals exhibit their characteristics at different scales, and the corresponding detail coefficients show the difference of diverse layer smooth approximation in some way. Based on 2D wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of density field images, the approximate and detail signals at different scales are studied, and the coherent structures at different scales are extracted and analyzed.     

Numerical Simulation of Rotor Flow Field Based on Overset Grids and Several Spatial and Temporal Discretization Schemes

A numerical method based on solutions of Euler/Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is developed for calculating the flow field over a rotor in hover. Jameson central scheme, van Leer flux-vector splitting scheme, advection upwind splitting method (AUSM) scheme, upwind AUSM/van Leer scheme, AUSM+ scheme and AUSMDV scheme are implemented for spatial discretization, and van Albada limiter is also applied. For temporal discretization, both explicit Runge-Kutta method and implicit lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method are attempted. Simultaneously, overset grid technique is adopted. In detail, hole-map method is utilized to identify intergrid boundary points (IGBPs). Furthermore, aimed at identification issue of donor elements, inverse-map method is implemented. Eventually, blade surface pressure distributions derived from numerical simulation are validated compared with experimental data, showing that all the schemes mentioned above have the capability to predict the rotor flow field accurately. At the same time, vorticity contours are illustrated for analysis, and other characteristics are also analyzed.     

Boundary element method of hydrodynamic characteristics of lubricant in three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing

The problem of hydrodynamics of the three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing was studied by means of boundary element method.The law including the distribution of pressure on boundary surface(axial,bearing and floating-ring)and its friction loss in different eccentricities was obtained.The results show that the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated bearing increases from 390.875to 1 091.65,and the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing increases from 94.2523to 114.5069with eccentricity varying from 0to 0.075in nondimensional.So changing the pressure and flow field of bearing by adding floating-ring is more stability and less wasted work of friction than three-leaf dislocated bearing.     

Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

Development of a coupled supersonic inlet-fan Navier–Stokes simulation method

A coupled supersonic inlet-fan Navier–Stokes simulation method was developed by using COMSOL-CFD code. The flow turning, pressure rise and loss effects across blade rows of the fan and the inlet-fan interactions were taken into account as source terms of the governing equations without a blade geometry by a body force model. In this model, viscous effects in blade passages can also be calculated directly, which include the exchange of momentum between fluids and detailed viscous flow close to walls. NASA Rotor 37 compressor test rig was used to validate the ability of the body force model to estimate the real performance of blade rows. Calculated pressure ratio characteristics and the distribution of the total pressure, total temperature, and swirl angle in the span direction agreed well with experimental and numerical data. It is shown that the body force model is a promising approach for predicting the flow field of the turbomachinery. Then, coupled axisymmetric mixed compression supersonic inlet-fan simulations were conducted at Mach number 2.8 operating conditions. The analysis includes coupled steady-state performance, and effects of the fan on the inlet. The results indicate that the coupled simulation method is capable of simulating behavior of the supersonic inlet-fan system.     

Analysis of blade vibration response induced by rotating stall in axial compressor

An experimental and numerical study was conducted to investigate the forced response of blade vibration induced by rotating stall in a low speed axial compressor. Measurements have been made of the transient stalling process in a low speed axial compressor stage. The CFD study was performed using solution of 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with structure finite element models for the blades to identify modal shapes and structural deformations simultaneously. Interactions between fluid and structure were managed in a coupled manner, based on the interface information exchange until convergence in each time step. Based on the rotating stall measurement data obtained from a low speed axial compressor, the blade aeroelastic response induced by the rotating stall flow field was analyzed to study the vibration characteristics and the correlation between the phenomena. With this approach,good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was observed. The flow phenomena were well captured, and the results indicate that the rotating field stall plays a significant role in the blade vibration and stress affected by the flow excitation.      

Supersonic flow over a pitching delta wing using surface pressure measurements and numerical simulations

Experimental and numerical methods were applied to investigating high subsonic and supersonic flows over a 60° swept delta wing in fixed state and pitching oscillation.Static pressure coefficient distributions over the wing leeward surface and the hysteresis loops of pressure coefficient versus angle of attack at the sensor locations were obtained by wind tunnel tests.Similar results were obtained by numerical simulations which agreed well with the experiments.Flow structure around the wing was also demonstrated by the numerical simulation.Effects of Mach number and angle of attack on pressure distribution curves in static tests were investigated.Effects of various oscillation parameters including Mach number, mean angle of attack, pitching amplitude and frequency on hysteresis loops were investigated in dynamic tests and the associated physical mechanisms were discussed.Vortex breakdown phenomenon over the wing was identified at high angles of attack using the pressure coefficient curves and hysteresis loops, and its effects on the flow features were discussed.     

波瓣混合流场流向涡的数值分析

借助N-S方程对波瓣喷管混合装置的流场进行了数值分析。采用三维贴体曲线坐标,非交错网格法和K－ε两方程湍流模型,对波瓣喷管内外两侧的气流通道及波瓣喷管下游的混合段流场统一进行了数值计算。得出了速度场和流向涡及正交涡的分布,并对流向涡的发展规律及其对正交涡分布规律的影响作了分析。并对混合管壁面的压力分布和出口速度型与实验值进行了比较。     

灭火弹气体发生器内流场数值模拟

为了提高灭火弹灭火性能,优化灭火弹结构设计,利用Fluent对灭火弹气体发生器内流场进行仿真计算,通过改变气体发生器开孔情况及发生剂参数调整弹内流场分布。计算结果显示:当首孔距离等于15倍气体发生器排气孔孔径时,灭火弹壳体近壁面存在5个大小相近且数值较高的压强峰,压力分布最利于灭火弹壳体预制孔槽破裂;灭火弹内气体发生器上排气孔对称性越强,发生器内压力分布越均匀。经过试验验证,仿真所得压力-时间曲线与试验测得数据吻合良好,说明该模型适用于灭火弹内流场仿真。      

投掷激光制导炸弹后无人机的航路规划

对地攻击是无人机在现代战场中的重要应用之一。以无人机为平台,以激光制导炸弹为武器,在满足对目标进行连续照射的前提下,研究了投放武器后无人机的航路规划问题。以攻击后无人机航路必须遵守的3条原则为基础,得出了3种可行的航路方案。通过仿真,验证了3种方案的可行性。通过对3种方案优缺点的比较,得出了每种方案的优、缺点。     

弯曲流道内二次流动的运动学分析和 数值可视化方法

通过运动学分析,得到了涡量与二次流之间的关系方程,介绍了弯曲流道内二次流结构的可视化方法.以截面法向涡量为基础,可求解得到与涡量对应的二次流速度场.该方法具有以下几个特点:从运动学求解得到的涡量与二次流流函数之间的方程,直接体现了二次流作为涡的特性,且作为分析流动结构的后处理方法,能够量化地求解出二次流速度以及分布情况.该方法消除了位势流的影响,使二次流显示更加真实清晰,这种方法比速度矢量图法更加准确完善.      

瞬时起动圆柱的初期流动

 本文将ADI方法和Poisson方程直接法结合起来求解涡量-流函数形式的N-S方程,研究瞬时起动圆柱的初期流动(Re=3000,5000,9500)。成功地算出实验观察到的α流动结构、β流动结构,以及这些结构在流动发展过程中交替出现的情况。本文方法效率高,计算结果与实验结果及他人的数值计算结果相符较好。可期望用该方法计算其它复杂流动。     

BVF诊断在非定常转静匹配中的应用

对一台高负荷跨声速单级风扇进行了非定常数值模拟.并将BVF(boundary vorticity flux, 边界涡量流)诊断方法应用于非定常条件下的转静干涉研究中.结果表明BVF不仅能够清晰地捕捉到转静干涉对流场的影响, 指出转子叶排的尾迹干扰是引发下游叶排通道流场非定常特性的最主要因素, 还能够根据叶片表面出现的一些细节, 结合静压、熵等分析方法, 找出动叶的叶尖和静叶的叶根在转静匹配中存在的问题.表明BVF诊断方法能够反映出转静匹配的状态好坏, 并指出改进设计的方向, 是一种能够有效找出对流场产生负面影响的根源, 并指出削弱甚至消除这些负面影响办法的新型诊断方法.      

改进跨音速位势方法的讨论

 简要地回顾并讨论了传统位势方法之不足。对改进传统位势方法的两种必要的修正(熵修正和涡修正)的量级在小扰动条件下作了分析和估值。结果表明涡修正是更高阶小量,因而作为第一步修正可采用非等熵位势流来近似。采用熵修正激波算子来计及非等熵的激波突跃条件,并考虑了由熵修正带来的尾迹条件的变化。算例表明非等熵位势方法能得到预期的改进位势方法的效果。     

Two-dimensional viscous vortex flow around a circular cylinder

A code based on a vortex method for simulating viscous vortex flow around a circular cylinder has been developed. The original method to obtain the no-through and no-slip condition introduced here is described in detail. The diffusive part of the vorticity transport equation is treated using a deterministic method based on the solution of the heat equation. Results have been obtained and are presented concerning the vorticity field, the velocity field, the evolution of drag and lift coefficients and the Strouhal number.     

导电圆柱壳体磁弹性二阶谐波共振响应分析

 研究了磁场环境中受机械载荷作用圆柱壳体的二阶谐波共振响应问题。首先给出了电磁场环境中导电圆柱壳体的非线性磁弹性振动方程和电磁场方程,并应用伽辽金积分法导出了相应的无量纲化非线性振动微分方程。然后采用多尺度法对系统的二阶超谐波和亚谐波共振问题进行求解,得到了稳态运动下关于定常解的幅值响应方程及解的稳定性判别式。最后通过数值算例,给出了共振幅值随磁感应强度和外激励力等参量变化的特征曲线图,分析了解的稳定性、奇点性态及分岔特性。结果表明,通过电磁或机械参数的适当选取,能够达到激发或抑制系统共振现象的目的。