某战斗机高速全模颤振风洞试验研究

为了验证高速风洞全模颤振试验技术以及获取某战斗机颤振安全边界,运用风洞试验的方法研究了某战斗机全模颤振特性,重点考察了模型在支撑系统上的稳定性、安全性以及典型颤振特性。结果表明:采用悬浮支撑系统可以使颤振模型具有除轴向以外的5个方向的运动自由度以及较好的稳定性和安全性;跨声速时的非线性气动力与速压较高时的结构非线性对全机颤振特性有较大影响,导致模态参数与颤振稳定性参数随速压呈非线性变化;振动波形图显示了该模型颤振形式为缓和型颤振,验证了模型设计时的计算结果。     

跨声速风洞全模颤振试验悬浮支撑系统

介绍了用于CARDC的2．4m跨声速风洞全模颤振试验的悬浮支撑系统的组成、试验装置的结构及其特点、控制算法等。给出了风洞调试试验结果,并进行了简要讨论。试验结果表明,研制的悬浮支撑系统具有强度高,对模型的浮沉和滚转控制能力强等特点。     

低速全模颤振试验悬挂支撑系统

为适应日益增多的低速风洞全模颤振试验的需要,发展颤振试验技术,在气动中心低速所3．2m 风洞建立了一套通用的悬挂支撑系统。该悬挂系统分为垂直和水平两部分,水平悬挂系统由水平钢索装置和张紧机构组成。系统可提供模型沉浮、俯仰、横侧向、偏航和滚转5个方向的自由度;可单独改变模型某一方向的自由度而不影响其它方向的自由度;可确保模型上下、左右、前后位置都处于试验段正中心;可方便地调整模型的迎角和滚转角。对采用该悬挂系统的颤振模型,文中提供了技术要求和参数选择方法。采用同一颤振模型在3．2m 风洞与TsAGI的T-103风洞进行了对比试验,得到的颤振临界速度、频率基本一致,证明该套悬挂系统设计合理,可以应用于低速全模颤振试验。     

飞机全动平尾颤振特性风洞试验

高机动飞机全动平尾颤振设计的重要手段就是颤振模型风洞试验。针对一个飞机的全动平尾,采用了单独平尾和中央固支的后机身-平尾组合体两种方案的低速颤振风洞试验,研究平尾的基本颤振耦合机理以及后机身垂尾气动力干扰的影响。然后采用半模跨声速颤振风洞试验研究马赫数对颤振特性的影响和机翼干扰对平尾颤振边界的影响。介绍了低、高速颤振模型的设计和风洞试验的结果,并综合形成了完整的平尾颤振特性规律,尤其在跨声速颤振风洞试验中,使用不同超重系数的颤振模型,研究了质量参数对颤振边界的影响规律。风洞试验结果显示,全动平尾颤振特性研究必须考虑后机身的弹性支持,并且需要使用不同的模型方案考虑机身、机翼和垂尾的气动力干扰,跨声速风洞模型需要考虑超重系数的影响。该研究获得了全动平尾颤振特性的一般规律,可作为相关飞行器设计的参考。     

2.4m跨声速风洞多功能支撑系统试验技术研究

针对型号研制的风洞试验需求,在2.4m跨声速风洞中开展了多功能支撑系统试验技术研究,研制了一套多功能支撑系统。该支撑系统既可实现定侧滑角连续变迎角的试验方式,又可实现定迎角连续变侧滑角的试验方式。在0.6m跨声速风洞开展了引导性试验研究,并在2.4m跨声速风洞中对该支撑系统与传统的支撑方式进行了风洞试验对比。结果表明,多功能支撑与传统支撑方式的风洞试验数据相关性良好,表明该支撑装置的研制是成功的,可应用于型号试验。     

操纵面对跨声速机翼气动弹性特性的影响

 运用基于非定常CFD的气动力辨识技术，得到跨声速非定常气动力降阶模型。耦合结构动力学方程，建立了基于状态空间的跨声速气动弹性分析模型。分析了典型三自由度二元机翼的颤振边界，分析结果与CFD/CSD直接耦合方法吻合。然后研究了操纵面结构参数（固有频率和重心位置）对跨声速气动弹性特性的影响。研究发现,一些传统的结构设计准则和颤振排除技术未必适用于跨声速状态;操纵面偏转模态常常成为诱发跨声速颤振的主要模态;经典的质量平衡技术可能会降低跨声速气动弹性系统的稳定性。     

复合型跨声速风洞AGARD—B标模设计与加工制造方法

提出一种内部嵌套金属骨架／外部光敏树脂快速成型制造复合型跨声速风洞模型的方法,以AGARDB标模为验证实例,介绍了复合型模型内部金属骨架与光敏树脂外形结构设计与加工制造方法,并完成了验证模型机翼金属骨架结构优化设计;对验证模型的强度、刚度校核与试验系统振动分析结果表明,在跨声速范围此方法基本可行。与金属模型相比,复合型模型减小了风洞模型重量,提高了模型一支撑系统固有频率,缩短了模型设计与加工周期。     

带舵面垂尾跨声速颤振计算研究

基于自研软件平台UNSMB,采用CFD/CSD耦合的颤振时域分析方法,对某带舵面垂尾的风洞模型进行了跨声速颤振特性分析。研究了洞壁对颤振边界的影响,通过改变网格大小,设置不同的边界条件,对洞壁的模拟方法进行了对比研究,最终获得了与试验数据吻合很好的结果,表明洞壁对模型的颤振边界存在较大影响,同时表明UNSMB平台的跨声速颤振计算具有较高的精度。     

2.4米跨声速风洞大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究

针对大展弦比飞机的气动布局特点,在2.4米跨声速风洞中开展了大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究。该项研究建立了大升阻比高精度天平设计技术和模型支撑系统设计平台,研制了专用大升阻比高精度测力天平和模型支撑系统。在国内高速风洞中建立了大型跨声速风洞模型设计新准则。研究结果表明:所提出和制定的方案是科学合理的,为我国大飞机研制提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

2.4 m连续式跨声速风洞气动设计与研究

连续式跨声速风洞由轴流压缩机驱动运行,具有运行范围宽、流场品质高、运行时间长等优点,是国际上最主要的跨声速风洞类别。近年来我国飞行器型号研制对大型连续式跨声速风洞的试验需求快速增长,为了弥补我国大型连续式跨声速风洞设备短板,中国航空工业空气动力研究院建设了2.4 m连续式跨声速风洞,该风洞是我国第一座大型连续式跨声速风洞。为了获得最佳的风洞流场品质和气动性能,航空工业气动院研发了多项适用于连续式跨声速风洞的气动外形设计技术,包括风洞的喷管、试验段、二喉道等高速部段的气动设计技术和低速部段气动设计技术。本文详细介绍了连续式跨声速风洞的总体设计要求和主要部段的气动设计方法,并通过CFD计算和风洞试验开展研究与验证。通过应用先进风洞气动设计技术指导风洞建设及调试,2.4 m连续式跨声速风洞的流场均匀性、噪声和湍流度已达到国际先进水平,试验数据品质与国际先进风洞一致。     

An active damping vibration control system for wind tunnel models

In wind tunnels, long cantilever sting support systems with low structural damping encounter flow separation and turbulence during wind tunnel tests, which results in destructive low-frequency and big-amplitude resonance, leading to data quality degradation and test envelope limitation. To ensure planed test envelope and obtain high-quality data, an active damping vibration control system independent of balance signal based on stackable piezoelectric actuators and velocity feedback using accelerometer, is proposed to improve the support stability and wind tunnel testing safety in transonic wind tunnel. Meanwhile, a design of powerful sting-root embedded active damping device is given and an active vibration control method is presented based on the mechanism analysis of aircraft model vibration. Furthermore, a self-adaptive fuzzy Proportion Differentiation(PD) control model is proposed to realize control parameters adjustment automatically for various testing conditions. Besides, verification tests are performed in laboratory and a continuous transonic wind tunnel. Experimental results indicate that the aircraft model does not vibrate obviously from -4° to 11° at Ma = 0.6, the number of useable angle-of-attack has increased by 7° at Ma = 0.6 and 5° at Ma = 0.7 respectively, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests.     

复合材料超临界机翼跨音速颤振实验与数值计算研究

颤振课题是飞机设计过程中常常遇到的一个关键技术问题。以支线客机ARJ21超临界机翼颤振特性研究为背景,在俄罗斯TsAGI的T-106风洞中完成了该复合材料机翼跨音速颤振实验,基于N-S方程和无限插值方法（TFI）生成三维贴体运动网格对超临界机翼跨音速颤振进行了并行计算。结果表明：复合材料的超临界机翼在跨音速区域具有跨音速颤振＂凹坑＂现象;与风洞实验结果相比,有较好的一致性,为使用超临界机翼的运输类飞机跨音速颤振特性预计提供了一定的参考。     

CFD/CSD-based flutter prediction method for experimental models in a transonic wind tunnel with porous wall

To predict the flutter dynamic pressure of a wind tunnel model before flutter test, an accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics (CFD/CSD)-based flutter prediction method is proposed under the conditions of a 2.4 m × 2.4 m transonic wind tunnel with porous wall. From the CFD simulations of the flows through an inclined hole of this wind tunnel, the Nambu’s linear porous wall model between the flow rate and the differential pressure is extended to the porous wall with inclined holes, so that the porous wall can be conveniently modeled as a boundary condition. According to the flutter testing approach for the current wind tunnel, the steady CFD calculation is conducted to achieve the required inlet Mach number. A time-domain CFD/CSD method is then employed to evaluate the structural response of the experimental model, and the critical flutter point is obtained by increasing the dynamic pressure step by step at a fixed Mach number. The present method is applied to the flutter calculations for a vertical tail model and an aircraft model tested in the current transonic wind tunnel. For both models, the computed flutter characteristics agree well with the experimental results.     

Computational study of wing deformation and sting interference effects with the CAE-AVM test case

A modern transonic computational fluid dynamics test case is described in this paper, which is the Aerodynamic Validation Model (AVM) from the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment (CAE). The CAE-AVM is a representation of a modern transonic business jet aircraft with a design Mach number of 0.85. Numerical simulations for the AVM are conducted for two geometries: one baseline geometry, and one geometry that includes the applied model support system of the wind tunnel as well as the deformed wing shape that occurred during wind tunnel testing. The combined influence of wing deformation and model support interference on local and integral aerodynamic features is presented. Comparisons between CFD and experimental results are made; reasons of discrepancy between results from considered cases are analyzed.     

连续式跨声速风洞设计关键技术

为研制先进飞行器,除了提高现有风洞试验测量精度和改进试验技术外,必须建立高性能连续式跨声速风洞试验设备,解决飞行器高速风洞试验模拟能力和精细化模拟问题。以试验段尺寸0．6m×0．6m连续式跨声速风洞设计为例,给出了风洞总体设计方案,分析了如何降低风洞气流脉动、如何改善风洞流场品质、提高风洞运转效率和拓展风洞试验能力等关键技术途径。该风洞作为大型连续式跨声速风洞的引导风洞,方案设计主要采用了高压比压缩机驱动系统、半柔壁喷管、低噪声试验段、高性能换热器和三段调节片加可调中心体式二喉道等新型技术。     

Dynamics,stability, and control of a four-cable mount system for wind tunnel test

A four-cable mount system is proposed for full-model wind tunnel flutter tests, which may adjust the pitch and roll attitude of the aircraft scaled model and ensure that the model is not subjected to cable tension. The system provides sufficient support to simulate the free flight of the aircraft by applying appropriate spring stiffness and cable tensions. The proposed four-cable mount system is modeled based on Lagrange mechanics, and its dynamics equations consider aerodynamic effects. The singularity of the system and its bifurcation characteristics under flow conditions are analysed to determine the supercritical bifurcation phenomenon for different tension levels and distances from the front suspension point to the mass centre of the model. The mathematical expressions of the longitudinal flight stability of the cable mount system are derived by linearising the system dynamics equations using small perturbations. The influence of the cable tension, spring stiffness, suspension point position, and other factors on the flight stability of the aircraft are analysed. A feedforward control algorithm is proposed to minimize the total elastic potential energy of the system. The results show that the model is in the level flight state when the elastic potential energy of the four-cable mount system is minimized. A feedback control design method is proposed based on the Lyapunov stability theory to derive the closed-loop stability conditions. The system dynamics model that includes the aircraft rigid body model, flexible cables, pulleys, springs, aerodynamic model, and servo motor control is established using the flexible multibody dynamics method. A multibody dynamics solver and Simulink are used to simulate the attitude adjustment of the model in the wind tunnel and verify the supercritical bifurcation characteristics of the system and the effectiveness of the feedback and feedforward control.     

螺桨转子颤振涡动的试验研究

当涡桨飞机因发动机安装结构中某一部件损坏 ,致使螺桨轴轴头刚度下降 ,其螺桨发生颤振涡动的极限飞行速度会下降。风洞试验研究证实了上述理论是正确的