基于optiStruct的天线座结构优化设计

<正>拓扑优化技术是结构优化技术中有前景、具有创新性的技术,是指在给定的设计空间中找到最佳的材料分布,或者传力路径,从而在满足各种性能的条件下得到重量最轻的设计。Altair OptiStruct是目前公认优化算法文件、优化类型全面、工程实用价值大的商用拓扑优化软件,已经广泛应用在航空航天、电子、船舶、军工等行业众多型号和产品上。1旋转关节支架的拓扑结构优化为了保证电性能的完成对结构动态性能也提出了越     

拓扑优化方法在航空用钣金零件设计中的应用

为了满足航空产品高载重量及低耗油率的要求,采用拓扑优化技术对航空用钣金零件进行结构优化,实现了钣金零件强度高和重量轻的指标.案例分析表明,在航空用钣金零件初始设计阶段引入拓扑优化方法,会比设计过程中单纯使用结构尺寸优化和形状优化获得更大的经济效益.     

面向对象的机载实时控制计算机的研究

如何把面向对象程序设计的方法，运用到实时控制计算机中去，是目前被高度重视的一个研究方向。本文根据机载实时控制计算机具有实时性、确定性功能分布及系统复杂性等特点，对面向对象程序设计机制在机载实时控制计算机环境中的应用进行了深入的研究与探讨。     

基于应力约束的翼肋拓扑优化和软件二次开发

翼肋主要作用是维持机翼外形,对于机翼的总弯曲刚度贡献较小,但是翼肋的重量却在翼盒的结构重量中占有相当大的比例（一般为8％～12％）,因此有必要通过一定的结构优化方法减轻翼肋的结构重量。在MSC．PATRAN平台上二次开发了应力约束全局化的拓扑优化方法,并首次将该方法应用于翼肋的拓扑优化;采用了一套工程估算方法,可用于翼肋的初步设计和快速重量估算。结果表明：在满足稳定性要求的情况下,经过拓扑优化的翼肋结构减重效果明显。     

基于ordered-EAMP模型的多材料传热结构拓扑优化

基于多材料变密度拓扑优化方法提出了一种密度指数函数插值的有序多材料性能近似(ordered exponential approximation of material properties,ordered-EAMP)模型,数学性质以及算例表明,与传统的SIMP/RAMP插值相比,该模型具有计算稳定,收敛速度快,优化结构灰度单元少的特点。在优化准则(OC)法求解变密度拓扑优化模型时,构造了一种适用于多材料的密度过滤格式,算例表明:可以有效减少灰度单元,且降低了优化的目标函数值。运用MATLAB-ANSYS联合优化,实现三类热边界条件下复杂热环境的多材料传热结构拓扑优化。相比于高热传导系数的单材料结构,多材料传热拓扑优化结构由于各种热传导系数材料的优化分布,结构的传热势容耗散更小,算例4中对比分析降低了20.3%,传热效率更高。      

基于残余应力重分布的导轨梁加工变形仿真与变形控制工艺方案研究

为解决大型薄壁铸件导轨梁在材料去除过程中因残余应力的释放与重分布导致变形超差的工艺难题,对导轨梁零件加工工艺进行分析,实现零件模型的简化与子结构分割;同时开展零件毛坯表面残余应力测量,成功建立零件毛坯初始应力模型。在此基础上结合实际加工工艺开展零件加工有限元仿真,模拟加工过程中由于材料去除引起的残余应力释放,预测了加工过程中残余应力重分布规律和加工变形情况。总结了零件加工变形的有限元仿真结果,提出抑制零件加工变形的工艺方案。经验证,改进后的工艺顺序使零件最大变形量由0.485 mm降至0.081 mm,降低83.3%,避免了零件在加工过程中的尺寸超差。同时该平面作为后续加工的基准,保证了后续加工的精度,为生产工艺优化提供了有效的理论依据。     

基于温度场分布的功能梯度材料设计与优化

针对功能梯度材料零件建模与分析的模型割裂问题,实现了共用NURBS基函数的几何与材料并行建模及热传导分析。考虑制备工艺建立材料模型,采用泊松方程作为材料场控制函数,运用等几何分析方法求解材料场分布。分析材料的瞬态热传导,建立梯度材料零件的材料分布优化模型并运用有效集法获得最优材料分布结果。结果表明,共用NURBS基函数的功能梯度材料建模及材料分布优化方法对工程实际具有指导意义,实现了梯度材料的一体化建模、分析与优化。     

机载嵌入式动态可重构计算机设计

动态可重构技术在降低机载嵌入式计算机的体积、重量和功耗方面有巨大的潜力。分析机载应用环境对嵌入式计算机的要求,探讨部分可重构和软件可编程重构两种动态可重构方法,并针对机载嵌入式计算机的需求,从硬件资源利用率、系统灵活性和系统可维护性等方面详细分析比较了两种动态可重构方法。基于部分可重构方法,提出了一种高性能、高灵活的体系结构,有效提高了系统资源利用率,具有深远的军事应用前景。     

数字材料在飞机制造中的应用

数字材料是材料领域中的一个新概念，它类似于孩子们玩的积木，利用微小的结构单元来组装宏观零件，使结构零件的重量降低，而可靠性和可维护性都有很大的提高。     

基于多相材料的连续体结构动态轻量化设计方法

为了实现基于多相材料的结构轻量化设计,遵循独立连续映射法,提出了以结构总重最小化为目标和给定特征值为约束的拓扑优化模型。方法采用2类独立拓扑变量实现了单元刚度矩阵、质量矩阵和重量插值。推导了固有特征值和总重量的敏度表达式,通过1阶和2阶泰勒展开得到其近似表达式。对约束函数一次项过滤转换为偏微分方程的求解,消除了棋盘格现象和网格依赖性等数值不稳定性。通过二维数值算例验证了提出方法的可行性和优越性。结果表明,与单相组分材料拓扑优化结构相比,多相材料拓扑优化结构具有更轻的重量。通过附加相邻频率间隔约束或增加高阶频率约束,避免了模态交换现象。     

优化设计技术在民机结构设计中的应用

基于HyperWorks结构优化设计软件,对某型民用飞机平尾后缘舱铰链支架进行优化设计,在给定的边界条件下通过拓扑优化技术寻找出在优化空间内的最体材料布局,介绍了优化设计技术在飞机结构设计技术中的应用,探讨拓扑优化、尺寸优化、形状优化在飞机结构件设计技术中的应用。     

面向增材制造的拓扑优化技术发展现状与未来

增材制造技术通过材料逐层打印制备结构,为复杂构件制造提供了新的成形方式。拓扑优化因不依赖于初始构型的选择,可设计出传统理念难以获得的创新构型,已成为航空航天和高端装备领域高性能、轻量化结构设计的重要手段。拓扑优化与增材制造有机融合,充分发挥各自优势和潜力,在现代制造业中展现出广阔应用前景。回顾了近年来关于增材制造与拓扑优化技术融合研究的主要内容和应用成果,包括以材料结构一体化为核心的多尺度/多层级结构优化设计、以设计制造一体化为核心的考虑增材制造工艺约束的优化方法等。同时,也分析了未来研究工作中存在的问题与挑战,如点阵结构性能表征及其尺度关联效应、增材制造材料成形各向异性、功能梯度材料与结构、增材制造材料与结构疲劳特性等对设计方法和成形工艺带来的挑战,为未来相关研究工作和航空航天应用提供参考。     

基于拓扑优化和形状优化的桨叶结构设计

直升机旋翼桨叶剖面结构设计是研究旋翼动力学设计的基础。提出一种联合拓扑优化和形状优化的 两级优化设计方法,可用于桨叶剖面结构的设计。第一级优化以变密度法(SIMP)作为拓扑优化的材料插值方 法,以桨叶体积最小化为设计目标,约束桨叶节点位移和应力,建立桨叶的拓扑优化求解模型;第二级优化以重 构的桨叶模型为基础开展形状优化,降低局部应力集中以及找到合理的边界节点位置。对优化后的模型进行 有限元分析,结果表明:通过拓扑优化和形状优化的两级优化,能够得到满足强度和稳定性要求的结构布局,为 桨叶结构设计提供指导方案。     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

基于可行域调整的多相材料结构拓扑优化设计

针对多相材料结构柔顺度拓扑优化问题及其存在多个局部优化解的情况,提出一种新的多相材料结构柔顺度拓扑优化问题的求解方法, 并研究其获得多个局部优化解及寻找较好的优化解的能力。基于材料属性有理近似 （RAMP）模型,引入可行域调整技术,构建多相材料结构拓扑优化模型及近似优化模型。提出一种改进的交替主动相算法,该算法将多相材料结构拓扑近似优化模型分解为多个含2个主动相材料体积约束的系列二元相拓扑优化子模型,并利用光滑化对偶算法进行优化求解。与现有方法相比,采用多个不同的优化初始拓扑,提出的方法可找到更优的多相材料结构拓扑, 且为多相材料结构拓扑优化的多样性设计提供了一种有价值的思路与方法。     

考虑阻尼性能的复合结构多尺度拓扑优化设计

最优阻尼复合结构应该是阻尼材料自身的材料性能和阻尼材料在板壳结构上的分布形态均是最优的。针对板壳阻尼复合结构的多尺度设计问题,建立了基于非比例阻尼模型的复合结构多尺度拓扑优化方法,实现了阻尼材料在宏微观两尺度上的协同设计,同时获得最优的阻尼材料宏观分布形态和微观构型。以结构模态阻尼比为目标,分别研究了复合结构的单目标和多目标多尺度设计问题。结果表明,在单目标设计中,当最大化结构的某一阶模态阻尼比时,优化后结构的该阶模态阻尼比最大,同时结构在该阶处的频率响应最小;在多目标设计中,以结构前3阶模态阻尼比之和为目标,虽然在每一阶处的性能劣于单目标设计结果,但是结构前3阶模态阻尼比的总体性能更优。同时,从微结构的构型可得,最优的微结构构型中低刚度高阻尼材料的分布相互连接,其损失模量（微结构复弹性矩阵的虚部）和阻尼因子（微结构复弹性矩阵的虚部与实部之比）都相对较高,且呈现负泊松比现象。优化后复合结构的动力学性能显著提高。     

基于导热性能的复合材料微结构拓扑优化设计

基于均匀化理论和拓扑优化技术,提出了复合材料稳态导热性微结构构型的设计方法。根据均匀化理论给出的周期性材料微结构(单胞)等效导热系数的计算公式,结合有限元分析手段对单胞的等效导热系数求解;定义设计区域内微结构每个单元的导热系数为伪密度设计变量,约束材料用量,分别以材料微结构某个方向导热性能最好为目标和宏观结构的散热性能最佳为目标;采用实体各向同性惩罚函数法(SIMP)构造单胞拓扑结构优化数学模型,导出材料等效导热系数的灵敏度计算公式;采用凸规划对偶求解与周长控制约束相结合进行拓扑优化并获得了优化的微结构构型,数值算例结果验证了所提出的拓扑优化方法可以有效地进行复合材料微结构的导热性能设计。     

Collaborative optimization design of process parameter and structural topology for laser additive manufacturing

High-resolution laser additive manufacturing (LAM) significantly releases design freedom, promoting the development of topology optimization (TO) and advancing structural design methods. In order to fully take advantage of voxelated forming methods and establish the quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties of printing components and multiple process factors (laser- and process- parameters), the concurrent optimization design method based on LAM should cover the process-performance relationship. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-facilitated TO method for LAM to concurrently design microscale material property and macroscale structural topology of 3D components by adopting heuristic and gradient-based algorithms. The process–structure–property relationship of selective laser sintering is established by the back propagation neural network, and it is integrated into the TO algorithm for providing a systematic design scheme of structural topology and process parameter. Compared with the classical optimization method, numerical examples show that this method is able to improve the mechanical performance of the macrostructure significantly. In addition, the collaborative design method is able to be widely applied for complex functional part design and optimization, as well as case studies on artificial intelligence-facilitated product evaluation.     

Stiffeners layout design of thin-walled structures with constraints on multi-fastener joint loads

The purpose of this paper is to present an extended topology optimization method for the stiffeners layout design of aircraft assembled structures.Multi-fastener joint loads and manufacturing constraints are considered simultaneously.On one hand,the joint loads are calculated and constrained within a limited value to avoid the failure of fasteners.On the other hand,the manufacturing constraints of the material distribution in the machining directions of stiffeners are implemented by an improved piecewise interpolation based on a beveled cut-surface.It is proven that the objective function is strictly continuous and differentiable with respect to the piecewise interpolation.The effects of the extended method with two different constraints are highlighted by typical numerical examples.Compared with the standard topology optimization,the final designs have clearly shown the layout of stiffeners and the joint loads have been perfectly constrained to a satisfying level.     

A new procedure for aerodynamic missile designs using topological optimization approach of continuum structures

This paper presents a multi-objective programming scheme for the conceptual design of aerodynamic missile's structure using topological optimization approaches, in which both the compliance and eigenfrequency are regarded as static and dynamic optimization objectives, respectively. During the conceptual design of the aerodynamic missile with multiple loadings, both the multilevel sequential programming approach and the compromising programming method are coupled together to settle the associated difficulties when the whole structure of the missile body is considered as a pre-defined design domain. The compromise programming method is first applied to describe the statically loaded multi-stiffness topology optimization, and the dynamic formulation is used to establish the subsequent optimization problem mainly concerned with free vibration. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is the flexibility of dealing with optimal topology designs for the whole structures of aerodynamic missiles with complicated loading cases. Solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) is used as the interpolation scheme to indicate the dependence of material modulus upon regularized element densities. The sequential convex programming approach is applied to solve the optimization problem. An engineering application is used to demonstrate the characteristics of the presented methodologies based on the commercial software package of Hyperworks.OptiStruct at Altair®.