涡旋真空泵的密封设计

涡旋真空泵在工作过程中动、静涡盘之间间隙存在泄漏损失,它是影响涡旋真空泵工作性能的重要因素;总结了涡旋真空泵的工作原理;介绍了涡旋真空泵的密封设计与选择、间隙的确定。从材料和结构两方面阐述了密封的几种结构形式,说明了各自的工作原理,及需要注意的问题,阐明这些问题是影响泵性能指标的重要因素。     

固体润滑材料在宇航工业上的应用

固体润滑就是用具有润滑性能的固体粉末、粘结薄膜或复合材料代替润滑油脂来隔开相对运动的摩擦表面,以达到减少两个相互接触的运动表面间的摩擦和磨损,从而延长运动部件的寿命。固体润滑剂是一种新兴的润滑工艺。随着工业的现代化和自动化发展,固体润滑近几十年来也得到了突飞猛进的发展。特别是宇航技术的迅速发展,对润滑材料提出了更苛刻的要求:     

固体润滑技术在空间机械中的应用

对空间机械润滑的特殊性作了简要的分析,评述了各种固体润滑材料在空间环境中的摩擦磨损性能,介绍了各种固体润滑膜的制备工艺及其在空间机械中的应用情况,并指出了有待进一步研究的问题。     

用于热机的固体润滑剂

航天飞行器和高效能发动机对润滑剂的热氧化稳定性有很多严格的要求,因此,研制一种新的润滑剂——固体润滑剂势在必行.某些固体能起润滑作用,但是,已知的单一固体润滑剂不能适用于整个的轴承/密封温度范围.为适用于最高工作温度,需要预先采用一些新技术.因此,着重研制能自身润滑的复合材料,包括两种或多种固体润滑剂,以便用于宽广的温度范围.有两种典型固体润滑     

固态干膜润滑涂层的研究与应用

主要介绍了固体干膜润滑涂层的构成、部分典型成分的性能,以及干膜涂层的一种成膜技术。此外,对干膜涂层的质量控制也提出了具体措施。     

常平座轴承固体润滑剂

本文主要研究了以 MoS_2 为固体润滑剂,采用粘接的方法并填加适量的填料所组成的干膜固体润滑剂,用以解决常平座轴承之润滑。经模拟试验、试车和产品实际考验证明,以树脂∶MoS_2+玻璃粉(Sb_2O_3)=2∶3.5+0.5(或2∶3.8+0.2)所组成的干膜固体润滑刺(称 HEG—1干膜固体润滑剂)完全满足设计要求。为推广应用,对 HEG—1干膜固体润滑剂也做了超高真空弹射试验。卫星回收密封器导向杆和定位销上已正式采用。经多次大推力长程试车和实际考验,现已以 HEG—1干膜固体润滑剂正式取代4803齿轮油用于齿轮箱之润滑。     

对涡旋流畸变对单级跨声速压气机性能影响的数值研究

为了评估弯曲进气道中显著的旋流畸变对压气机性能和稳定性的影响，利用CFD技术开展了Stage 35在对涡旋流畸变下的数值仿真，获得了对涡旋流畸变下的压气机特性线和流场分布，并与无畸变和正负整体涡时的情形进行了对比分析。结果表明:对涡旋流畸变会使压气机的性能和稳定裕度降低，且工作点处于同等强度的正负整体涡旋流畸变工作点之间，在90%换算转速和对涡旋流模式P2下，压气机换算流量、压比、温比、效率和稳定裕度的最大降幅分别为8.00%，7.24%，0.98%，9.64%和43.14%。这种影响主要取决于占主导的旋流畸变类型和不同类型旋流畸变对压气机性能参数影响程度的共同作用。同时压气机换算转速和旋流强度越大，压气机性能参数和稳定裕度下降越多。     

镍磷合金及其复合镀层的摩擦学性能研究

采取滑动磨损方式,研究了化学镀镍磷合金及其复合碳化硅镀层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:镍磷合金层摩擦系数小,具有固体润滑作用;复合碳化硅镀层硬度高,起到抗磨效果。     

固体膜润滑剂在飞船机构中的应用研究

针对空间飞行器对固体膜润滑剂的需求,研制了两种飞船机构上应用的固体膜润滑剂,分为舱外机构使用的BJ干膜润滑剂和舱内机构使用的GYM-8干膜润滑剂两类.通过对固体润滑剂、树脂体系的筛选,以及各组分之间的配伍研究,确定了最佳配方.其性能全部满足飞船机构耐高温、低温、真空、抗辐照特殊环境下的润滑要求,在飞船机构首次应用即获成功.     

基于固体工质的空间微推进技术研究进展

采用固体工质的微推力器具备结构简单、可靠性高、成本低的优点，是最适合微纳卫星的动力装置之一。固体微推进技术可分为微电推进和微化学推进两大类。本文介绍了五种典型固体微推力器的工作原理，包括微脉冲等离子体推力器、真空弧推力器、电控固体微推力器、激光微推力器、固体阵列微推力器，系统梳理了它们的发展历程，总结了其最新的研究进展和应用现状。在此基础上，对固体微推进技术的发展方向进行了展望，以期为微纳卫星动力系统的研发与优选提供参考。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

中介轴承环下流道滑油流动及润滑效率分析

航空发动机主轴轴承（中介轴承）大多采用环下供油方式进行润滑，滑油在环下供油流道中的流动特性影响着轴承润滑效率，为了改善迄今滑油流动分析与喷射-收纳滑油分析相割裂及未考虑环下供油孔与滚动体相对位置变化所产生滑油输出时变性影响的不足，提出了考虑滑油输出时变性影响的喷油-收油与滑油流动集成分析方法。首先，将进入环下供油流道的滑油分解为直接喷入收油孔的滑油和沉积于收油环壁面上并沿周向流入收油孔的滑油，通过计算这两部分滑油流量获得进入环下供油流道的滑油流量；然后，基于环下供油孔和滚动体相对位置变化规律确定供油孔出口的时变边界条件，将其嵌入滑油流动瞬态分析模型，进行模型求解后得到环下供油流道各出口的滑油流量及轴承润滑效率。所提出的滑油流动分析方法较为系统也更符合工程实际，为中介轴承润滑效率的准确计算提供了技术方法和基础数据，有助于中介轴承润滑系统的精确设计。     

Effect of cooling strategies on performance and mechanism of helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks

Hole-making for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics(CFRP)/Ti-6Al-4V stacks is crucial for the assembling strength of aircraft structure parts. This work carried out experimental work for helical milling(HM) of the stacks with sustainable cooling/lubrication(dry, MQL and cryogenic)conditions. Cutting forces and temperatures at the CFRP layer, Ti-6Al-4V layer and the interface of stacks were obtained by a developed measuring system. The temperatures in CFRP machining at cryogenic condition varied fro...     

DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑下的摩擦性能

采用闭合场非平衡直流磁控溅射技术和阴极电弧离子镀技术在轴承钢表面分别制备了DLC 和

CrN 薄膜,在全配方发动机油(CF-4,15W/40)润滑条件下,选择DLC/ 钢、CrN/ 钢摩擦配副,用SRV-IV 摩擦实

验机考察了25℃和100℃时DLC 与CrN 薄膜在不同载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损率,并对摩擦界面进行分析。结

果表明:DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑条件下的摩擦因数都随着载荷的增加而降低;DLC 和CF-4 构成的固液复合

润滑体系具有更加优异的摩擦学性能;活性较高的CrN 薄膜与发动机油中的添加剂相互作用,在摩擦界面上

发生摩擦化学反应形成摩擦化学反应膜,并且薄膜表面形成的氧化层有利于提高薄膜在高温时的耐磨性。

     

Minimum quantity lubrication machining of aeronautical materials using carbon group nanolubricant: From mechanisms to application

It is an inevitable trend of sustainable manufacturing to replace flood and dry machining with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technology. Nevertheless, for aeronautical difficult-to-machine materials, MQL couldn’t meet the high demand of cooling and lubrication due to high heat generation during machining. Nano-biolubricants, especially non-toxic carbon group nano-enhancers (CGNs) are used, can solve this technical bottleneck. However, the machining mechanisms under lubrication of CGNs are unclear at complex interface between tool and workpiece, which characterized by high temperature, pressure, and speed, limited its application in factories and necessitates in-depth understanding. To fill this gap, this study concentrates on the comprehensive quantitative assessment of tribological characteristics based on force, tool wear, chip, and surface integrity in titanium alloy and nickel alloy machining and attempts to answer mechanisms systematically. First, to establish evaluation standard, the cutting mechanisms and performance improvement behavior covering antifriction, antiwear, tool failure, material removal, and surface formation of MQL were revealed. Second, the unique film formation and lubrication behaviors of CGNs in MQL turning, milling, and grinding are concluded. The influence law of molecular structure and micromorphology of CGNs was also answered and optimized options were recommended by considering diverse boundary conditions. Finally, in view of CGNs limitations in MQL, the future development direction is proposed, which needs to be improved in thermal stability of lubricant, activity of CGNs, controllable atomization and transportation methods, and intelligent formation of processing technology solutions.     

民用航空发动机润滑系统适航审定技术分析

润滑系统对航空发动机的润滑、散热、清洁、防腐等有重要作用,润滑系统的安全影响着发动机整体的安全。研究发动机润滑系统的审定基础与安全性对我国自主研制发动机润滑系统十分重要。首先对航空发动机润滑系统涉及的适航条款及标准规范进行分析,再针对润滑系统的功能和部件故障模式及影响分析(failure mode and effect analysis,简称FMEA)展开研究。最后从润滑系统设计、润滑系统部件试验、滑油姿态试验、滑油中断试验和整机试验5部分展开审定分析,形成了一套完整的润滑系统安全性审查方法指南,为局方提供润滑系统的适航审定支持。     

Improving surface integrity when drilling CFRPs and Ti-6Al-4V using sustainable lubricated liquid carbon dioxide

In the quest for decreasing fuel consumption and resulting gas emissions in the aeronautic sector, lightweight materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys are being used. These materials, with excellent weight-to-strength ratios, are widely used for structural applications in aircraft manufacturing. To date, several studies have been published showing that the use of metalworking fluids (MWFs), special tool geometries, or advanced machining techniques is required to ensure a surface quality that meets aerospace component standards. Conventional MWFs pose a number of environmental and worker health hazards and also degrade the mechanical properties of CFRPs due to water absorption in the composite. Therefore, a transition to more environmentally friendly cooling/lubrication techniques that prevent moisture problems in the composite is needed. This research shows that lubricated LCO₂ is a viable option to improve the quality of drilled CFRP and titanium aerospace components compared to dry machining, while maintaining clean work areas. The results show that the best combination of tool geometry and cooling conditions for machining both materials is drilling with Brad point drills and lubricated LCO₂. Drilling under these conditions resulted in a 90 % improvement in fiber pull-out volume compared to dry machined CFRP holes. In addition, a 33 % reduction in burr height and a 15 % improvement in surface roughness were observed compared to dry drilling of titanium.     

跨音速翼型风洞模型区侧壁抽气的影响

引言 侧壁干扰是跨音速翼型风洞洞壁干扰的重要方面,减小它的方法主要是抽吸侧壁边界层。抽吸位置的选取有两种,在距模型前缘一定距离的侧壁处和模型区侧壁处。抽吸。适当的侧壁抽气可使模型区流场更接近于理想的二维流场,因此模型区侧壁抽气对空风洞流场的影响和对二维模型中央剖面压力分布的影响是最基本的问题,我们对它们进行了实验研究。