Solving a plane problem of elasticity theory with the use of a hybrid FEM formulation

In the framework of a plane problem of elasticity theory in strength analysis based on the finite element method in the hybrid formulation, we suggest that the approximation of displacements and stresses be used as magnitudes of vector and tensor fields, respectively. The quadrilateral finite element, the displacements and stresses of which are accepted as nodal unknowns is proposed. The mixed Reissner functional is applied to form a finite element deformation matrix.     

The finite element approximation of vector fields in curvilinear coordinates

We demonstrate that it is possible to express each component of the displacement vector for the interior point of the finite element (FE) through all components of nodal unknowns in curvilinear coordinates. The effectiveness of the valid technique of vector approximation for displacement fields has been verified on an example.     

Analysis of geometrically nonlinear shells of revolution based on the finite element method with the vector interpolation of desired quantities

In this paper, we present an algorithm for geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of the shells of revolution. Use is made of the most proper algorithms for vector interpolation of displacements through the nodal unknowns and an efficient algorithm for obtaining the stress-strain increment relation at a step of loading. By comparing the results of analyzing a geometrically nonlinear shell of revolution obtained on the basis of the ANSYS software with the scalar interpolation of displacements with those obtained on the basis of an author-developed finite element, it has been shown that application of the FEM vector displacement interpolation leads to increasing the accuracy of the finite element solutions in analyzing the stress-strain state of the geometrically nonlinear shells.     

幂硬化材料平面应力裂纹稳定扩展的有限元模拟

对幂硬化材料中平面应力Ⅰ型裂纹的稳定扩展进行了有限元模拟。计算中采用了逐步释放裂尖节点力法和子结构方法并配合裂尖附近高密度的网格划分,获得了有关裂尖应力变形场、塑性区尺寸、裂纹开口位移、裂纹扩展阻力等大量资料。计算结果还证实了部分已有的裂尖场渐近解。     

A method of determining effective elastic properties of honeycomb cores based on equal strain energy

A computational homogenization technique (CHT) based on the finite element method (FEM) is discussed to predict the effective elastic properties of honeycomb structures. The need of periodic boundary conditions (BCs) is revealed through the analysis for in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli of models with different cell numbers. After applying periodic BCs on the represen-tative volume element (RVE), comparison between the volume-average stress method and the boundary stress method is performed, and a new method based on the equality of strain energy to obtain all non-zero components of the stiffness tensor is proposed. Results of finite element (FE) analysis show that the volume-average stress and the boundary stress keep a consistency over different cell geometries and forms. The strain energy method obtains values that differ from those of the volume-average method for non-diagonal terms in the stiffness matrix. Analysis has been done on numerical results for thin-wall honeycombs and different geometries of angles between oblique and vertical walls. The inaccuracy of the volume-average method in terms of the strain energy is shown by numerical benchmarks.     

N-S方程有限分析数值研究

 本文将有限分析方法用于曲线座标系上紊流N-S方程的数值计算。分别计算了单列和串列叶栅内部流场,计算中采用了k-ε紊流模型和壁面函数。计算结果与试验结果相比较,吻合程度令人满意。有限分析方法在网格单元上对N-S方程进行线化处理,以解析边界条件作为约束,得出解析解,在解析解基础上构造离散代数方程。有限分析方法的最大特点是可以适应对流速度大小和方向,自动调整格式系数,因而具有数值扩散小和稳定性高等优点。     

单列叶栅紊流流场有限分析数值研究

本文将有限分析方法用于曲线座标系上紊流 N-S方程数值计算,研究了高雷诺数时叶栅粘性紊流流场。有限分析方法在网格单元上对非线性偏微分程进行线化处理,在解析边界条件下求出线化偏微分方程的解析解,以此解构造离散方程。有限分析方法能够根据对流的方向和大小自动改变格式系数,并具有数值扩散小、精度高和稳定性好等优点。本文以 k-ε紊流模型模化紊流,以壁面函数方法处理近壁区流动参数。      

Comparison of variants of the triangular discrete element shape functions for the vector method of shell displacement interpolation

Different variants of finding shape functions in a triangular finite element are considered. The efficiency of the vector method proposed by the authors for obtaining approximating functions is proved by specific examples.     

二元推力矢量喷管导流板的设计研究

在某型飞机进行二元推力矢量改装时，为了获得俯仰方向的矢量推力，必须对飞机尾喷口气流进行导向，以便实现推力方向的改变。本文将喷口导流板设计成由矩形板部分和三角形部分组合成的一个几何体，利用有限元软件Patran对导流板进行了应力强度分析和变形分析，得出不同的三角形高度和不同的矩形宽度组成的导流板的应力分布场和变形位移场不同。通过对不同宽度的矩形板和不同高度的三角形板组成的导流板的分析计算得出，导流板最大应力和最大位移随三角形高度变化曲线，从而确定最佳的三角形高度和矩形板宽度。     

Gravity Sensors and the Principle of Equivalence

The tensor characteristics of the inertial fields created by acceleration and rotation, and the gravitational fields created by masses are discussed. Although it is sometimes thought that it is impossible to distinguish between gravitational and inertial effects because of Einstein's principle of equivalence, these effects do have different, detectable tensor characteristics. The principle of equivalence is only strictly applicable at a point, while the instruments to measure these tensor fields exist over a finite region. The inertial field created by acceleration is a uniform vector field and has no gradients, while the inertial field created by rotation has a uniform cylindrically symmetric tensor gradient but none of higher order. The gravitational field created by a mass is highly nonuniform with essentially no limit to the number of higher order gradients. These differences make it theoretically possible to independently measure gravitation, rotation, and acceleration effects; to do so, some form of differential force sensor with tensor response characteristics must be used. The standard technique is static, using differential accelerometers to sense the spatial gradient characteristics of the fields. A more promising technique is dynamic; by rotation of the differential sensor, the static spatial variations are transformed into temporal variations with various frequency components. It is then possible to distinguish between the various fields by frequency filtering.     

航空管路补偿器耐久性计算方法对比分析

本文研究了管路补偿器补偿位移疲劳寿命和耐久振动寿命的有限元分析计算方法。通过对某型管路补偿器有限元仿真计算结果和传统工程计算法计算的结果进行对比分析，研究管路补偿器补偿位移疲劳寿命的有限元计算方法，探索耐久振动寿命的有限元计算流程，并将结果同试验数据对比，以验证其设计方法的计算精度。结果表明，补偿位移的疲劳寿命有限元法的计算精度优于工程设计法；耐久振动寿命有限元法能够给出确定的振动应力分布情况，并预测出耐久振动寿命时间，工程设计法仅能计算出管路补偿器的自振频率，不能明确振动应力和寿命。     

孔冷挤压有限元仿真中的铰削分界面位置确定方法

开展孔冷挤压过程有限元仿真计算是残余应力分布获取和疲劳寿命预测的前提。在有限元建模阶段，设置铰削层单元与基体材料单元之间的分界面，是模拟铰制终孔工艺过程的关键。通过弹塑性力学分析，建立了挤压强化过程芯棒、衬套和被挤压强化连接孔的应力分析方法；基于分析中得到的不同位置处微单元的径向位移量，建立了铰削分界面相对位置计算模型。并开展了关键参数的敏感性分析，定量研究了关键参数变化对残余应力分布和径向位移量的影响程度。本工作为孔冷挤压强化有限元模型建立中，铰削层单元与基体材料单元分界面相对位置确定，提供了便捷可靠的方法。     

Analysis of nonlinear deformation and stability of oval cylindrical shells under combined loading by bending and torsion moments

A problem of geometrically nonlinear deformation and stability of cylindrical shells with noncircular cross-section contour is solved by the finite element method. The nonlinear system of algebraic equations to determine the nodal unknowns of finite elements is obtained with the use of the variational Lagrange principle. The system is solved by the method of successive loadings with the use of the Newton-Kantorovich method of linearization, the method of solving linear Craut’s equations and Sylvestor’s stability criterion. The nonlinear deformation and stability of shells with the oval and elliptical cross-sections under combined loading by bending and torsion moments are analyzed. The critical loads and buckling modes of shells are determined. The influence of deformation nonlinearity, shell ovality and ellipticity on the critical loads is clarified.     

任意单元间断Galerkin有限元计算方法研究

基于龙格库塔间断Galerkin(RKDG)有限元法的构造思想,通过局部坐标变换,发展了非正交单元DG有限元计算方法;借鉴非结构网格有限体积隐式计算方法,发展了适应于DG有限元方法的隐式计算方法;借鉴一维和二维(三角形单元)DG有限元限制器构造方法,提出了非正交三棱柱单元限制器方法;利用上述方法数值模拟了球头和双椭球的高超声速粘性绕流,得到了清晰的流场结构,并得到了较好的压力和热流分布,表明该方法在复杂高超声速流动的数值模拟方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

考虑预应力和液体影响的圆柱壳颤振分析

 为了研究预应力和液体对圆柱壳颤振的影响,采用杂交元方法,建立了圆柱壳的气动弹性方程。由Sanders薄壳理论和经典有限元理论,从壳的精确解推导节点位移函数入手,并由一阶活塞理论得到结构的气动阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵,最终推导出考虑预应力和内部液体影响的圆柱壳的混合有限元公式和气动弹性方程。通过特征值法验证了此种有限元方法的正确性,并重点研究了预应力和内部注有液体对圆柱壳稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:预应力和液体对圆柱壳的颤振特性有显著的影响。     

机械连接件中螺栓孔角裂纹应力强度因子数值计算(英文)

The three-dimensional finite element method is used to solve the problem of the quarter-elliptical comer crack of the bolt-hole in mechanical joints being subjected to remote tension. The square-root stress singularity around the corner crack front is simulated using the collapsed 20-node quarter point singular elements. The contact interaction between the bolt and the hole boundary is considered in the finite element analysis. The stress intensity factors （SIFs） along the crack front are evaluated by using the displacement correlation technique. The effects of the amount of clearance between the hole and the bolt on the SIFs are investigated. The numerical results indicate that the SIF for mode I decrease with the decreases in clearance, and in the cases of clearance being present, the corner crack is in a mix-mode, even if mode I loading is dominant.     

各向异性Chaboche黏塑性本构方程隐式应力积分算法

针对各向异性Chaboche黏塑性本构方程,利用有效参数控制法推导了该方程的隐式积分算法,该算法把所有未知量都用同一个控制参数表示,并形成控制方程,从而把本构方程应力积分的问题转化成一个非线性控制方程的求解问题.该积分算法程序,与通用有限元软件Marc结合,通过单个单元对单向拉伸、循环、松弛的响应的实验数据进行了数值模拟,通过与显式算法对比,该隐式算法的稳定性和收敛性有所提高.构件的对比分析也表明隐式算法比显式算法具有较高的效率.      

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite Beam with Matrix Cracks Using Multiscale Modeling

A multiscale method for simulating the dynamic response of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with matrix cracks is developed. At the global level, the finite element method is employed to simulate the dynamic response of a CMC beam. While at the local level, the multiscale mechanical method is used to estimate the stress/strain response of the material. A distributed computing system is developed to speed up the simulation. The simulation of dynamic response of a Nicalon/CAS-II beam being subjected to harmonic loading is performed as a numerical example. The results show that both the stress/strain responses under tension and compressive loading are nonlinear. These conditions result in a different response compared with that of elastic beam, such as: 1) the displacement response is not symmetric about the axis of time; 2) in the condition of small external load, the response at first order natural frequency is limited within a finite range; 3) decreasing the matrix crack space will increase the displacement response of the beam.     

固体推进剂双向拉伸试件优化设计及试验

基于Kelly提出的十字形试件,设计了一种新型固体推进剂双向拉伸试件。利用ANSYS有限元软件对试件双向加载过程试验区中引起的应力应变的数值模拟,实现了十字形试件的优化设计,经过优化的试件在满足双轴试验要求方面有了明显的改进。通过对丁羟复合固体推进剂试件双向加载力学行为试验研究,获得不同拉伸速率双向拉伸应力—应变破坏曲线,为推进剂材料破坏分析的经验准则提供判据。结果表明,固体推进剂断裂延伸率的双向弱化效应很明显,双向加载比例为等双拉状态时,其双向断裂延伸率比单向断裂延伸率降低37.5%。     

多级叶盘结构动力特性分析的一种方法

因各级转子叶片数的不同,基于传统循环对称法的通用有限元程序无法直接用于多级叶盘结构动力特性分析.发展了一种方法,分别对每一级扇区模型施加相应的循环对称边界条件,级间则通过施加自由度耦合来保证位移场的连续.若对每一级叶盘结构选取合理的扇区数目进行建模,最大程度地考虑级间耦合效应,则精度可进一步提高.由于循环对称边界条件和级间耦合通过对位移自由度施加约束方程来实现,因此该方法易于在通用有限元程序系统中实现.对两级叶盘结构分别采用该方法和全环模型进行动力特性分析,两种方法的频率差控制在3%内.探讨了多级叶盘结构中级间耦合对模态的影响,在低节径模态两级叶盘结构耦合效应较为明显,随着节径数的增加,耦合效应降低.