芳纶－铝合金胶接层板残余应力分析与测定

分析了芳纶－铝合金胶接层板在固化过程中形成的残余应力以及预应力与残余应力的关系。为验证分析所得的表达式,采用应变片包理法测定了层板的残余应力,结果表明,层板纤维方向的残余应力实测值与分析值相吻合。     

Residual stress determination in friction stir butt welded joints using a digital image correlation-aided slitting technique

This paper presents an incremental cutting method for evaluating the longitudinal residual stresses in a butt welded thin plate via combining the traditional residual stress measurement methods and the advanced optical technique.The proposed approach,which can be called digital image correlation (DIC)-aided slitting technique,introduces a successive extension slot to a speci men and employs the DIC technique to measure the released displacement profiles of the cutting sections after each cutting increment.Then the displacement profiles are used to directly calculate the residual stress distributions up to the slot tip and hence,a stress distribution can be obtained after a cutting increment.Finally,all of the stress distributions are averaged to ultimately determine the original residual stress field.This method does not include any complex experimental operations or tedious derivation,and the resolution of stress variation is greatly improved by the continuous measurement of the released displacements.The presented method has been preliminarily verified by a specimen with residual stress introduced by a four-point bending test.The results show that residual stresses determined by the DIC-aided slitting technique agree well with those from finite element (FE) prediction.The residual stress in a friction stir welded aluminum specimen obtained by the presented technique is also consistent with the evaluations given by X-ray diffraction.Fur thermore,the residual stresses obtained by the DIC-aided slitting technique demonstrate higher accuracy and stability than the evaluations derived by the DIC-aided contour method.     

一种简便的隔热涂层残余应力分析方法及结果讨论

从涡轮叶片隔热涂层等离子喷涂的工艺过程中残余应力形成机理为出发点,通过对喷涂过程进行合理的分析和简化,并结合有限元方法,给出了一个可行的隔热涂层残余应力分析简便方法。最后通过算例,进行了分析讨论。      

7075铝合金板材残余应力深度梯度的评估

 提高航空结构件残余应力的测试精度, 意味着可提高其安全可靠性, 减轻重量及降低成本, 然而现有的残余应力测试方法( 如钻孔法、X 射线法等) 只能测定构件外表面与浅表层的残余应力。为此, 引进一种被称为裂纹柔度法的残余应力测试新技术, 对7075 铝合金板材在T73, T7351, T7352 与T7353 状态下的内部残余应力进行了专门研究与评估。有关研究结果表明, 这种残余应力测试新技术不仅能测定7075 铝合金板材的全厚度残余应力分布及其应力梯度, 而且比逐层钻孔法与X 射线衍射法具有更好的敏感性和精确度。     

Residual stress indentation model based on material equivalence

A novel residual stress indentation model for conical indentation loading is proposed to describe the relationship between the residual stress, material constitutive parameters, load, and displacement for materials with a uniaxial constitutive relationship that obeys Hollomon’s power law (H-law). The novel model was established based on the principle that the equivalent material without residual stress corresponds to the original material with residual stress, conical indentation theoretical model based on energy density equivalence, and an assumed power-law relationship between the dimensionless residual stress and relative difference of the yield stresses of the equivalent material and original material. Sixty imaginary H-law materials with ten equibiaxial and ten uniaxial residual stresses were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The residual stresses predicted by the novel model from the indentation load–displacement curves simulated for the imaginary materials are in close agreement with those applied by the FEA. Finally, indentation tests for Cr12MoV steel, 45 steel, and 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy were carried out on their specimens without residual stress and their bending specimens with equibiaxial and uniaxial residual stresses. The residual stresses predicted by the novel model according to the indentation load–displacement test curves are in good agreement with those applied by the tests.     

Influence of residual stresses on failure pressure of cylindrical pressure vessels

The utilization of pressure vessels in aerospace applications is manifold.In this work,fnite element analysis（FEA）has been carried out using ANSYS software package with 2D axisymmetric model to access the failure pressure of cylindrical pressure vessel made of ASTM A36 carbon steel having weld-induced residual stresses.To fnd out the effect of residual stresses on failure pressure,frst an elasto-plastic analysis is performed to fnd out the failure pressure of pressure vessel not having residual stresses.Then a thermo-mechanical fnite element analysis is performed to assess the residual stresses developed in the pressure vessel during welding.Finally one more elasto-plastic analysis is performed to assess the effect of residual stresses on failure pressure of the pressure vessel having residual stresses.This analysis indicates reduction in the failure pressure due to unfavorable residual stresses.     

基于光学畸变要求的注射成型透明平板应力翘曲分析

研究了注射成型翘曲应力计算模拟对成型透明件光学畸变预测的意义.首先建立了残余应力计算模型和翘曲计算模型,采用了HsCAE软件的相应模块,对透明平板注射过程中的残余应力、翘曲变形及收缩进行了分析.结果表明,平板边缘的残余应力和厚向收缩大而且不均;而中间区域的残余应力和厚向收缩率小且比较均匀;平板中间区域的翘曲变形量最大,且沿平板平面向四周均匀递减.实测了注射成型平板的外形尺寸,验证了模拟结果.光学畸变测试表明,计算模拟显示残余应力和厚向收缩分布不均的区域光学畸变相对严重,而残余应力和厚向收缩均匀的区域具有低光学畸变;翘曲变形均匀也有利于获得低光学畸变,从而显示了翘曲应力的计算模拟对光学畸变预测的指导意义.     

挤压孔边残余应力的测定与计算

 本文提供了一种确定冷挤压孔边残余应力的工程方法。采用无损检测的普通密栅云纹方法,分别测定芯棒挤入和挤出两个状态下的孔边应变值;基于这些实测的应变值,采用追踪加载路线的方法,推算出孔边的残余应力。     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.     

ARALL层压板结构工艺及性能分析

论述了目前在航空领域发展非常迅速的ARALL层压板结构和芳纶预浸料的制造工艺,预浸料在具有高的抗疲劳特性和拉伸特性的ARALL层压板结构中起到一个非常重要的承力和抗疲劳作用。本结构所采用的制造方法是纤维拉伸法,是一种能使ARALL结构的铝板层具有残余压应力,使纤维层也具有残余拉应力的方法,从而改善了材料本体的抗疲劳性能。     

Residual Stress Measurement for Ion-implanted NiTi Alloy by Using Moiré Interferometry and Hole-drilling Combined Method

Residual stresses in ion-implanted NiTi alloy are measured by a combined method of Moiré interferometry and hole-drilling. Oxygen ions are implanted into the NiTi alloy under a voltage of 30 kV by a dose of 1.0×1017 ions/cm2 for one hour. Subsequently, in order to avoid dimensional error, a hole is drilled exactly in the center of the sample. The distribution of residual stresses around the hole is measured. It is indicated that the method which combines the Moiré interferometry with hole-drilling is able to be used to measure residual stresses produced by ion implantation.     

有机玻璃残余应力与双折射条纹的关系

 本文通过实验,讨论了有机玻璃残余应力与双折射条纹（冻结应力条纹和热应力条纹）的定量关系,得出可以根据热应力条纹由应力光学定律直接获取有机玻璃残余应力的结论。作者基于这一论点,考察了不同冷却条件下平板有机玻璃残余应力沿断面的分布规律;研究了热处理工艺参数对消除有机玻璃残余应力的影响;测定了三种不同型号飞机舱玻璃的残余应力。     

Al2O3—Ti系梯度功能材料的优化设计

对Ａｌ３Ｏ３－Ｔｉ系梯度功能材料在制备过程中产生的残余热应力进行了弹性有限元法分析。讨论了梯度层数目,梯度层厚度和成分梯度指数对应力大小和分布的影响,优化出了各项最佳参数。非线度功能材料与优化后的梯度功能材料的残余热应力对比结果显示;梯度功能材料缓和热应力的效果十分显著。     

高速端面铣削加工引入残余压应力场的试验研究

为研究高速铣削加工表面残余应力分布,在统计试验设计指导下,使用X射线衍射/电解抛光方法对试样表层、次表层残余应力分布进行测量,得出残余应力分布曲线经验预报公式,探讨切削参数对残余压应力场特征指标的影响规律。研究结果表明,合理的高速切削工艺将在加工表面内引入类似喷丸强化效果的残余压应力场;(3,1)有理式模型与三阶多项式模型是描述高速铣削引入残余应力分布曲线的有效拟合公式;高速切削工艺参数对加工表面残余应力场的产生有直接影响,每齿进给量是决定残余压应力分布的关键因素,每齿进给量的变化将引起残余应力场形成机理的改变。     

单向C/SiC复合材料热残余应力数值模拟研究

连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料制备过程中因纤维与基体线胀系数失配会产生热残余应力,从而导致纤维脱粘、基体开裂等现象,严重影响复合材料力学性能。本文针对CVI工艺制备的单向C/SiC复合材料,建立"纤维-界面-基体"单胞物理模型,基于细观力学分析方法对热残余应力分布规律进行预测,采用ABAQUS对材料制备过程进行数值模拟,揭示了界面厚度、纤维体积分数、制备温度等参数对纤维、基体热残余应力分布的影响规律,分析了热残余应力对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果能够为C/SiC复合材料的设计、分析及微纳力学性能试验提供理论支持。     

Investigation of Surface Integrity on TC17 Titanium Alloy Treated by Square-spot Laser Shock Peening

Laser shock peening(LSP) is an innovative surface treatment method,which has been shown to greatly improve the fatigue life of many metallic components.This work investigates surface integrity of TC17 titanium alloy treated by LSP with innovative square laser spot.Nd:glass laser with duration of 30 ns and spot size of 4 mm×4 mm is applied.The surface morphology and surface residual stress of the TC17 titanium alloy,treated with varying peening parameters such as laser power density and overlapping ratio,have been studied in detail.The results show that laser pulse energy greatly influences surface morphology and surface residual stress around single-spot treated areas,and compressive residual stresses are saturated as laser pulse energy is over 55 J.There are significantly different surface morphologies and residual stress distributions at the overlapped areas with different overlapping ratios.A relative smooth surface is produced with uniform compressive residual stress distribution at an overlapping ratio of 8 %.The experiment of residual stress relaxation is implemented by measuring residual stress at the center of four overlapped spots and by four point bending fatigue test at the frequency of 105 Hz.The compressive residual stresses induced by LSP are found to relax quite slowly under cyclic fatigue loading.     

高温合金拉削残余应力及其机理研究

本文探讨了高温合金拉削残余应力产生的机理。分析了工件材料,拉削速度、齿升量、前角对拉削表面残余应力的影响。试验结果表明,沿拉削速度方向的表面残余应力为拉应力。最大残余应力在表面层下。     

横向载荷作用下缺陷加筋板有效板宽的一个计算方法

 基于大挠度理论给出一个含初始挠度、焊接残余应力缺陷加筋板格在横向载荷作用下有效带板宽度的计算公式,分析缺陷加筋板格的极限强度。并对 Faulkner型焊接残余应力板在均布载荷作用下进行了实际数值算例,分析表明上述诸因素均对极限强度有一定影响,这与实际情况是相符的。     

加工表面完整性对GH33A高低周疲劳寿命的影响

 <正> 切削加工表面完整性,如表面粗糙度、表面残余应力和表面加工硬化,对高温合金零构件的疲劳性能有很大影响。以往主要集中于对高周应力控制疲劳影响的研究,然而,实际应用中许多零构件都需要有关应变控制低周疲劳性能的试验数据。“在航空发动机结构完整性研究”中就提出了加工表面完整性对涡轮盘低周疲劳寿命影响的研究。为此,本文研究了GH33A高温合金在常、高温条件下,不同加工表面质量对其高周和低周疲劳寿命的影响,以便为新型发动机涡轮盘的设计提供依据。     

冷挤压强化对GH4169合金孔结构室温低循环疲劳寿命影响

对GH4169合金中心孔板材试样进行冷挤压强化,测试了挤压前后GH4169中心孔板材试样在663 MPa/20℃条件下的低循环疲劳寿命;分别采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射残余应力仪、表面轮廓仪分析了疲劳断口、疲劳过程中残余应力场的演化以及表面形貌。结果表明:冷挤压强化后孔结构的疲劳寿命提高为原始试样的2.6倍。冷挤压强化对孔壁的强化效果使得冷挤压试样疲劳源萌生于倒角处单源,而原始试样萌生于孔壁多源。经过50000周次疲劳实验,冷挤压强化残余压应力有所松弛,但进口端与出口端的表面残余应力分别保持了55%和75%。冷挤压后孔壁表面粗糙度R_a由0.354μm减小到0.297μm。