普通高校学科建设与科研方向的选择

本文论述了普通高校学科建设的重要性，科学研究与学科建设的关系，指出普通高校科研方向的选择应依据市场经济规律和科技发展规律的要求，结合新专业建设进行学科建设，并且要扬长避短，把某些边缘性，综合性的新学科的研究作为科学研究和学科建设的主攻方向。     

Electronic technologies that enables aerospace

This section highlights early electronics milestones that have made significant contributions to aerospace and defense. Today everyone thinks digital, whereas more than 50% of electronic advances since society founding 50 years ago were in the analog or continuous domain. It is too easy to forget that before the 1970s and 1980s analog systems had been the norm. Digital electronics emerged late in WWII, when the US Army contracted with the University of Pennsylvania to compute extensive artillery firing tables. The Cold War substantially accelerated advances in solid state electronics which led to the microelectronics that are so ubiquitous today. Defense and then aerospace programs were symbiotic with electronics in the development and mass production of transistors, integrated circuits, microelectronics, microprocessors, magnetic and then solid state memory. Small, reliable, low power and high performance electronics were the key to aerospace progress. The government backed virtually all these developments out of necessity. The power of computers has increased by over a million since 1972 and is still climbing. The initial enabling technology for advances in military electronics was the almost forgotten vacuum tube. The existence of electrons was first recognized as the “Edison Effect” in 1883. The seminal event in electronics was the audion invented by Lee De Forrest in 1906. The audion appeared just three years after the first Wright brother's flight and four years before the Army purchased their first Wright airplane. Up until the World War I (WWI) radio amateurs were the electronics pioneers, but the war created new demand for radio communications. Electronics expanded from communications into radar, navigation and control systems in World War II (WWII). Both wars brought about dramatic improvements in electronics, which resulted in a surplus of equipment and trained personnel to fuel postwar advances     

Exploratory and Advanced Development in the U. S. Navy

The relationship of Exploratory and Advanced Development to the overall Navy research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT & E) program is indicated in terms of the proportion of funds allocated. Selected projects and areas of work are named or discussed and the proportionate allocation of funds to Navy bureaus is indicated to present representative pictures of Exploratory Development (exemplified by a Bureau of Ships electronics program) and Advanced Development (exemplified by a Bureau of Naval Weapons electronics program).     

U.S. Army battery needs-present and future

The purpose of this paper is to describe the needs of the U.S. Army for silent portable power sources, both in the near and longer term future. As a means of doing this, the programs of the Power Sources Division of the Army Research Laboratory are discussed. In carrying out these programs, the personnel of the Power Sources Division work closely with the Battery Management Office of the Army Materiel Command, which is located in the Logistics and Readiness Directorate of the Communication-Electronics Command (CECOM). We are also closely integrated with the Army Research Office, and the fuel cell personnel of the CECOM Research Development and Engineering Center (RDEC), and the battery personnel of the RDECs for the Tank and Automotive Command and the Missile Command. The six program areas discussed in which the Power Sources Division is engaged are: primary batteries, rechargeable batteries, reserve/fuze batteries, pulse batteries and capacitors, fuel cells, and thermophotovoltaic power generation     

The electric field instrument on the polar satellite

The Polar satellite carries a system of four wire booms in the spacecraft spin plane and two rigid booms along the spin axis. Each of the booms has a spherical sensor at its tip along with nearby guard and stub surfaces whose potentials relative to that of their sphere are controlled by associated electronics. The potential differences between opposite sphere pairs are measured to yield the three components of the DC to >1 MHz electric field. Spheres can also be operated in a mode in which their collected current is measured to give information on the plasma density and its fluctuations. The scientific studies to be performed by this experiment as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of the detector system are described.     

高职院校二级学院体制下的科研管理研究

基于高职院校二级学院科研管理体制,分析科研活动中院校领导、二级学院领导、科研项目负责人、教师个体研究者和院校科研管理机构不同角色的职责和使命,提出二级学院为科研管理主体,以重点学科发展需求为导向,以科研项目申报为抓手的科研管理思路,实现提高科研管理水平,创造良好的科研环境的目的。     

Flow control: new challenges for a new Renaissance

As traditional scientific disciplines individually grow towards their maturity, many new opportunities for significant advances lie at their intersection. For example, remarkable developments in control theory in the last few decades have considerably expanded the selection of available tools which may be applied to regulate physical and electrical systems. These techniques hold great promise for several applications in fluid mechanics, including the delay of transition and the regulation of turbulence. Such applications of control theory require a very balanced perspective, in which one considers the relevant flow physics when designing the control algorithms and, conversely, takes into account the requirements and limitations of control algorithms when designing both reduced-order flow models and the fluid–mechanical systems to be controlled themselves. Such a balanced perspective is elusive, however, as both the research establishment in general and universities in particular are accustomed only to the dissemination and teaching of component technologies in isolated fields. To advance, we must not toss substantial new interdisciplinary questions over the fence for fear of them being “outside our area”; rather, we must break down these very fences that limit us, and attack these challenging new questions with a Renaissance approach. In this spirit, this paper surveys a few recent attempts at bridging the gaps between the several scientific disciplines comprising the field of flow control, in an attempt to clarify the author's perspective on how recent advances in these constituent disciplines fit together in a manner that opens up significant new research opportunities.     

Low-cost technology for multimode radar

A flexible test bed radar architecture is described which includes an integrated RF electronics package that can support multiple radar applications, including surveillance, fire control, target acquisition, and tracking. This type of architecture can significantly reduce the cost, power, size, and weight of electronics on future weapon delivery platforms. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing technology to support multimode radar requirements. These requirements include the detection and location of moving or stationary low radar cross section targets in heavy ground clutter and the classification and/or recognition of these targets. We address these requirements with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products and the integration of several enabling technologies. The test bed radar includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for frequency-diverse waveform generation, a flexible wideband transceiver for bandwidth extension and frequency translation, and an open architecture signal processor with embedded wideband analog-to-digital converters for real-time acquisition and processing. Efficient signal processing algorithms have been developed to demonstrate multimode radar capability. This paper discusses the various subassemblies, algorithm efficiency, and field experiment results     

基于项目集识别过程的航空领域重大基础研究项目发现

航空领域专项计划的实施需要发现大量重大基础研究项目进行支撑,而目前航空科研管理部门在项目发现过程中以被动管理为主,未能充分发挥其作用。通过分析自上而下航空领域重大基础研究项目内涵及现状基础上,借鉴项目集识别过程及其项目识别特点,构建自上而下的航空领域重大基础研究项目发现过程及机制,分析重大基础研究项目发现所涉及的航空领域专项计划主管部门、航空科研管理部门以及科研人员间的相互关系和功能,并结合某航空科研管理部门进行实例应用。表明基于项目集识别过程梳理和完善了航空领域重大基础研究项目发现过程及机制,强化了航空科研管理部门作用,提升了项目发现有效性。     

Interdisciplinary Aspects of Engineering: The Environment of Concept Engineering

Involvement in concept engineering forces the individual as well as corporations to consider aspects and disciplines concerned with public utility, taste, and convenience. The marketplaces are varied and in a state of flux. Nevertheless, personal entrepreneurship as exemplified by high technology efforts in the aerospace, computer, and electronics industries is essential and identified as a basic American characteristic. Individuals and corporations are challenged to channel their efforts and organization to attack broad social objectives, currently recogned but awaiting clarification and polarization of the environment, to allow technology, via effective concept engineering, to participate in the achievement of successes equal to those attained in consumer products, defense engineering, and space exploration.     

基于MBSE的月球科研站任务分析

月球探测在完成“绕落回”三步走后，从单点短期探测向建设月面基础设施的月球科研站长期探测转变，给月球探测任务的规划论证、总体设计、系统研制和在轨探测等提出了更高要求。本文采用基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）思想，提出适宜的基于模型的月球科研站系统分析正向流程，以系统模型作为载体依次深入剖析任务总体、任务使命需求和任务应用场景。通过开展基于模型的月球科研站任务分析，初步实现了月球科研站任务分析过程正向化、设计要素定义全量化、设计要素之间的关联表达显性化、月球科研站工程总体单位下发的研制要求有源化。     

卫星轴承钢珠精化技术研究

为了适应卫星轴承钢珠精化的需要,建立了研磨过程中钢珠的动力学解析模型,分析了球与四研头之间的运动、四研头转向与球面加工、摩擦力与加工精度等关系。并采用倒置式正四面体形结构,在转轴与研头之间设计了具有自适应功能的浮动联轴器,进行了钢珠加工的实验研究。     

数控布带缠绕机关键技术

 多功能数控布带缠绕机是集机械、电子、气动、控制、软件和数控等技术一体化的多学科交叉综合应用的复杂设备。从提高参数控制精度及匹配精度的角度出发,详细地介绍了一种新型布带缠绕机的结构、组成及实现方式,并对机床本体、张力控制系统、温度控制系统、压力控制系统及数控系统的设计与开发中的关键技术做了较为深入的探讨。将该技术应用于多功能布带缠绕设备中,采用专用数控系统、先进机械装置及控制算法,既实现了缠绕成型过程的自动化,又保证了缠绕制品的质量,解决了复合材料零部件成型过程的关键制造技术难题。     

加大改革力度,建立有效机制,为把南航建设成第一流科技大学而奋斗

 今年10月20日是南京航空学院建校40周年纪念日。40年来南航已培养了三万多名高级科技人才,完成了千余项重要科研成果,研制成功无人驾驶飞机、直升机及轻型飞机,为国防现代化及经济建设作出了重大贡献。学院现有6000余名学生,3000余名教职工。有15个系、部,29个专业,22个硕士点,10个博士点,3个国家重点学科,3个博士后流动站;已形成了既是教育中心,又是科研中心的完整体系。今后南航将进一步解放思想,强化竞争意识,主动适应经济建设和社会发展的需要,建立人才培养、科学研究和产业开发的新机制,在教育的数量、质量、结构、效益等方面再上一个新台阶,把南航建设成为一所具有航空航天特色、在国内外有广泛影响的第一流的全国重点科技大学。     

Letter to the editor

I recently joined AESS, in part, out of selfish self-interest and for career development reasons. Aerospace systems, the technology of packaging, applications design, development, and testing, have unique and demonstrable use in other areas of systems engineering and scientific research.     

Open system concepts for modular avionics

Advanced communications, guidance and navigation systems play key roles in determining superiority of one combat aircraft over another. The use of advanced technology is essential to meeting the mission requirements of present as well as future aircraft. Modular avionics are being used in next generation aircraft, such as the Air Force F-22 fighter and the Army Comanche helicopter, as the means of achieving higher levels of performance, including reduced volume and improved adaptability, maintainability, and expandability. New system acquisitions such as Joint Strike Fighter will attempt to achieve these same performance levels but at dramatically reduced life cycle cost. Retrofit applications will also take on increasing roles in meeting this affordability need as the Department of Defense (DoD) struggles to maintain readiness in the face of the shrinking defense budget. The government is encouraging the use of open standards practices as a means of addressing the affordability issue. The Open Systems Joint Task Force (OS-JTF), formed in September 1994, is chartered to “sponsor and accelerate the adoption of open systems in weapons systems and subsystem electronics to reduce life-cycle costs and facilitate effective weapon system intra- and interoperability”. The purpose of this paper is to relate the concept of open systems to modular avionics. It discusses the key attributes of an open systems approach and identifies key technologies necessary for its success     

R. Burkhardt, U. Esser, H. Hefele, I. Heinrich, W. Hoffmann, V. R. Matas, L. D. Schmadel, R. Wielen and G. Zech (eds.), Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, Volumes 69A and 69B, Literature 1998, Part 1, published for Astronomisches Rechen-Institut

The reviewed Volumes of the AAA series record, summarize and index nearly 12 000 papers covering all aspects of astronomy and space sciences, published throughout the world during the first half of the year 1998. The AAA series is the most important source of information on progress in the scientific disciplines. They have become an indispensable source of information for scientists and students involved in the Universe research. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

可靠性增长下的Bayes序贯检验方法

针对可靠性增长下的序贯检验分析问题,提出了一种变总体Bayes序贯检验方法.该方法依据产品研制过程中产生的多状态试验数据,利用离散AMSAA(Army Material Systems Analysis Activity)可靠性增长模型对产品可靠性的变化规律进行描述,给出了变总体试验数据似然函数的表达式,并对变总体Bayes序贯检验的后验概率比和决策阈值进行了定义,进而构建了可靠性增长下的Bayes序贯检验模型.研究结果表明,提出的方法有效地解决了具有可靠性增长的可靠性指标的假设检验问题.