无人艇集群协同定位算法误差分析

无人艇以集群方式被广泛应用于各个领域。无人艇集群完成任务的前提是获知相对的位置关系。为此,针对无人艇集群协同定位算法误差进行了全面分析。首先,给出了基于数据链协同定位原理。在此基础上,深入剖析了协同定位误差种类、特点及影响。最后,针对协同定位算法中对协同定位精度影响较大的 3个因素进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明,伪距测量误差和几何精度因子对协同定位误差影响最大。协同定位误差增大比例与伪距测量误差增大比例基本一致,大于几何精度因子增大比例;协同定位误差增幅小于源节点位置误差增幅。     

无人水面艇自主导航技术

作为无人水面艇的关键技术之一，自主导航技术决定着无人水面艇自主航行能力的高低。结合无人水面艇在实际航行和作业过程中自主导航所面临的问题，对无人水面艇组合导航及完好性监测技术、协同导航技术、路径规划技术和环境感知技术目前的现状、不足和发展趋势进行了总结和分析。为了更加精确、可靠地进行安全导航定位，即插即用全源导航是无人水面艇可采用的一种导航方式，并在此基础上开展了组合导航完好性监测工作。多目标规划综合最优及基于分层策略的自适应路径规划方法是解决动态时变环境下路径规划问题的有效途径。深度学习、数据挖掘、信息融合等人工智能技术将在提高环境感知信息的本质特征表述、充分挖掘多元异构数据间的有效信息，以及构建信息全面、立体、可靠的三维环境模型方面发挥主导性作用。     

无人水面艇海洋调查国内应用进展与展望

针对浅水区、污染区、极地等复杂海洋环境，传统海洋调查手段劳动强度高、安全风险大、作业效率低。无人水面艇具备无人、高效等特点，非常适合在上述复杂海洋环境中作业，并于近年来在海洋调查领域中得到了快速发展与广泛应用。从海洋调查领域中无人水面艇的优势、国内外典型的无人水面艇和应用案例入手，深入分析了我国无人水面艇海洋调查的现状，并对未来的技术发展方向进行了展望。实践表明，应用无人水面艇进行海底地形地貌调查的技术已基本成熟，水深数据质量和自主导航精度均可满足规范要求。在未来，须将无人水面艇的应用进一步扩展至物理海洋、海洋生物、海洋化学等专业领域，并加快研制基于可再生能源的长航程无人水面艇，以开展全球性海洋调查。     

无人机-无人车异构时变编队控制与扰动抑制

研究了无人机-无人车异构系统时变输出编队控制与扰动抑制问题，要求多无人机与无人车在受到未知外部扰动的情况下，保持设计的输出时变编队构型。首先，对无人机与无人车进行单体运动学与动力学建模，同时建立扰动模型，并引入代数图论概念，建立异构集群系统的协同控制模型。然后，对各无人机-无人车设计了具有分层架构的分布式时变输出编队控制器，包含基于一致性理论的编队中心估计项和基于内模原理的扰动抑制补偿项。进一步分析异构系统实现输出时变编队的可行性条件，给出了分布式编队控制器的参数选取算法，并证明了时变编队控制器构成的闭环系统的稳定性。最后，通过仿真算例来验证所设计的编队控制器的有效性。     

飞行器集群协同制导控制方法及应用研究

分析了目前多飞行器协同作战的发展现状与趋势，指出了多飞行器以编队形式进行协调与配合，可以有效提高突防概率与作战效能。针对飞行器集群协同制导控制技术，分析梳理了相关的技术难点。然后，分别对协同任务规划与动态目标分配方法和多飞行器编队协同控制方法、多约束条件下的分布式协同制导方法的国内外研究现状进行了介绍。最后对飞行器集群协同制导控制技术进行了总结，并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

切换拓扑下异构无人集群编队-合围跟踪控制

针对异构无人集群存在层内不同协同控制目标以及层间协同耦合的控制问题，提出了“编队-合围跟踪”控制的定义与框架，采用具有时变输入的跟踪-领导者来生成集群系统的整体参考轨迹，克服了现有编队-合围控制中无法有效控制集群整体宏观运动的缺陷。对于存在切换拓扑的高阶异构集群系统，基于分布式鲁棒自适应估计技术以及预先定义的合围控制策略，利用邻居局部信息交互构造了分布式编队-合围跟踪控制器，给出了分层耦合情况下控制器的多步设计方法。采用共同李雅普诺夫稳定性理论，证明了切换拓扑条件下异构集群实现输出编队-合围跟踪的充分条件。通过无人机-无人车异构集群的仿真例子，验证了所提出的编队-合围跟踪控制方法的有效性。     

无人水面艇自适应路径跟踪算法

路径跟踪作为无人水面艇（Unmanned Surface Vehicle, USV）控制系统中必不可少的底层模块，受到国内外无人水面艇研究人员的普遍关注。为了提高无人水面艇路径跟踪的准确性和自适应性，提出了一种基于Mamdani模型的自适应模糊LOS控制策略(Mamdani Based on Line-of-Sight，MLOS）。相比传统LOS控制策略，该算法通过模糊控制修正LOS控制参数，削减了速度与LOS制导律之间的耦合，确保了路线跟踪的完成度，并且避免了传统LOS各项参数固定、不能实时调整而导致的船舶操纵性无法被充分利用的缺点。基于欠驱动水面滑行艇数学模型，通过理论分析和仿真试验证明了该算法的优越性和有效性。     

基于分布式反集群算法的无人水面艇区域覆盖方法

海上无人系统覆盖问题可广泛应用于搜索营救、区域侦察观测、信息采集等任务，针对无人水面艇对海面区域进行区域覆盖的问题，采用模仿独居动物社会行为的分布式反集群算法，使得无人水面艇系统能够通过自组织行为实现良好的动态覆盖性能，因此使其具有更高的可扩展性及环境适应性。首先建立个体的包含覆盖历史的信息图，其次进行反集群算法的避障、去中心化及自私这3个基本属性的数学公式描述，然后计算每个个体在每一时刻的最大化收益方向，使得每个个体能够最大化累计覆盖面积及最小化个体之间的重叠覆盖部分。仿真结果表明，基于覆盖历史及个体局部通信交互，能够实现避障功能，并且可以达到100%的覆盖率，同时可尽量减少重叠覆盖。     

多架无人作战飞机攻击行为的协调

建立了基于Agent的无人作战飞机指挥控制系统的形式化语义模型，提出了无人作战飞机编队的联合作战目标、联合作战意图和协同攻击效能的定义，以及结合联合作战意图、协同作战效能的多架无人作战飞机编队攻击行为的协调方法。仿真结果表明，结合联合作战意图和协同攻击效能的攻击行为可有效地提高编队的作战效能。     

多无人机协同控制方法及应用研究

多无人机集群作战是未来战争的重要形式。作为集群作战中的关键技术,协同控制有着极为广泛的应用,例如多无人机编队飞行、协同侦查与集群攻击等。简述了多无人机集群作战的发展历程,归纳了集群作战过程中的关键技术,给出了协同控制方法的分类与体系结构。然后,从编队控制、合围控制、跟踪控制3个方面,总结了近年来国内外关于协同控制方法的研究成果。重点介绍了编队控制中的四种典型方法及相关应用,分析了各类编队控制方法的优缺点。最后对多无人机协同控制方法的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Distributed coordinated control scheme of UAV swarm based on heterogeneous roles

This paper proposes a new distributed coordinated control scheme based on heterogeneous roles for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) swarm to achieve formation control. First, the framework of the distributed coordinated control scheme is designed on the basis of Distributed Model Predictive Control(DMPC). Then, the effect of heterogeneous roles including leader, coordinator and follower is discussed, and the role-based cost functions are developed to improve the performance of coordinated control for...     

Robust leaderless time-varying formation control for unmanned aerial vehicle swarm system with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics and directed switching topologies

This paper tackles the robust leaderless Time-Varying Formation(TVF) control problem for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) swarm system with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics, external disturbances and directed switching topologies. In comparison with the previous achievements on formation control problems, the UAV swarm system with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics can accomplish the pre-designed TVF while tracking a pre-given trajectory which is produced by a virtual leader UAV in the presence of externa...     

基于自组网策略的多机编队与防撞任务研究

近年来多旋翼无人机编队飞行技术取得了巨大的突破,将无人机技术与自组网技术相结合将会促进无人机集群技术的发展。为了促进无人机编队飞行技术的发展,以5架六旋翼无人机为研究对象,重点研究了基于自组网策略的多旋翼无人机队形组成、队形保持、队形重构以及飞行过程中的避碰策略,设计了数据闭环的地面编队控制软件并进行试飞验证。测试结果表明,该数据闭环地面编队控制软件稳定可靠,实现了编队队形组成、保持、重构以及在队形变换过程中的机间避碰等功能,对多旋翼无人机编队飞行工程化实现具有一定的参考价值。     

Cooperative task assignment of multi-UAV system

With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, one of the emerging fields is to utilize multi-UAV as a team under autonomous control in a complex environment. Among the challenges in fully achieving autonomous control, Cooperative task assignment stands out as the key function. In this paper, we analyze the importance and difficulties of multi-UAV cooperative task assignment in characterizing scenarios and obtaining high-quality solutions. Furthermore, we present three promising directions for future research: Cooperative task assignment in a dynamic complex environment, in an unmanned-manned aircraft system and in a UAV swarm. Our goal is to provide a brief review of multi-UAV cooperative task assignment for readers to further explore.     

Unmanned aerial vehicle swarm mission reliability modeling and evaluation method oriented to systematic and networked mission

With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system autonomy, network communication technology and group intelligence theory, mission execution in the form of a UAV swarm will be an important realization of future applications. Traditional single-UAV mission reliability modeling methods have been unable to meet the requirements of UAV swarm mission reliability modeling. Therefore, the UAV swarm mission reliability modeling and evaluation method is proposed. First, aimed at the interdependence among the multiple layers, a multi-layer network model of a UAV swarm is established. At the same time, based on the system having the following characteristics—using a mission chain to complete the mission and applying the connectivity of the mission network—the mission network model of a UAV swarm is established. Second, vulnerability and connectivity are selected as two indicators to reflect the reliability of the mission, and aimed at random attack and deliberate attack, vulnerability and connectivity evaluation methods are proposed. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the constructed model are verified through simulations, and the model and selected indicators can meet the reliability requirements of the UAV swarm mission. In this way, this study provides quantitative reference for UAV-swarm-related decision-making work and supports the development of UAV-swarm-related work.     

Distributed bearing-based formation control of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm via global orientation estimation

Most existing formation control approaches for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)swarm assume that global position and global coordinate frame are directly available for each agent. To extend the application domain, this paper proposes a distributed bearing-based formation control scheme, without any reliance on global position or global coordinate frame. The interactions among UAVs are described by a directed topology with two-leader structure. To address the issue of unavailable global coordinate fr...     

无人机参数优化自抗扰编队保持控制器设计

针对无人机编队飞行中的队形保持问题,采用结合粒子群算法的自抗扰控制技术对控制器进行设计,使响应过程具有良好的动态品质和较小的稳态误差。建立三维空间内基于相对误差的无人机编队飞行模型,并在此基础上设计了跟踪微分器、扩展状态观测器和非线性状态反馈自抗扰控制器,采用粒子群算法对控制器中部分参数进行优化整定。仿真结果表明,设计的结合粒子群算法的改进自抗扰控制器具有良好的控制性能,能以较高的精度实现无人机编队保持任务。     

Formation flight of fixed-wing UAV swarms: A group-based hierarchical approach

This paper investigates a formation control problem of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms. A group-based hierarchical architecture is established among the UAVs, which decomposes all the UAVs into several distinct and non-overlapping groups. In each group, the UAVs form hierarchies with one UAV selected as the group leader. All group leaders execute coordinated path following to cooperatively handle the mission process among different groups, and the remaining followers track their direct leaders to achieve the inner-group coordination. More specifically, for a group leader, a virtual target moving along its desired path is assigned for the UAV, and an updating law is proposed to coordinate all the group leaders’ virtual targets; for a follower UAV, the distributed leader-following formation control law is proposed to make the follower’s heading angle coincide with its direct leader, while keeping the desired relative position with respect to its direct leader. The proposed control law guarantees the globally asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop swarm system under the control input constraints of fixed-wing UAVs. Theoretical proofs and numerical simulations are provided, which corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.