平流层飞艇纵向气动特性及减阻实验研究

以美国高空哨兵50平流层飞艇作为背景样机,通过风洞实验研究了布局形式对该型飞艇纵向气动特性的影响。研究表明:与Y形尾翼相比,十字尾翼布局形式具有更大的阻力和升力;从俯仰静稳定性的角度而言,十字尾翼在大迎角下使得飞艇从纵向静不定变为纵向静定;但由于尾翼产生较大的附加阻力,因此需要采取一定的减阻措施。进一步采用微型涡流发生器对飞艇的后体及尾翼处的流动分离进行控制,研究其在不同迎角和侧滑角工况下的减阻效能,发现在α=8°、β=0°或β=-8°、α=0°工况下可以获得减阻效果,且MVG布置更密时,获得的减阻效果更好。     

特型钝体绕流动态特性的低速实验研究

在低速自由射流风洞上 ,利用热线及相关设备对由半球头部、颈部及旋成体构成的特型钝体周围非定常流动的基本特性、联合特性及湍流度分布进行了测试与分析 ,实验工况为迎角α=- 1 5°～ 1 5°、侧滑角 β =0°～ 1 0°。结果表明 ,在上述工况范围内 ,该钝体周围流场中速度脉动的能量分布平坦 ,属宽频带随机信号 ,流场中没有发生明显的流动分离 ,流场动态品质良好 ;凹陷区内气流的脉动以不同的速度向下游空间传播 ;在上述α、β变化范围内 ,钝体颈部凹陷区的最大湍流度高达 1 0 .9～ 2 4.8%。     

旋成体表面沟槽减阻试验研究

在旋成体模型表面粘贴铝基沟槽蒙皮,研究沟槽表面对模型阻力的影响。给出基于来流单位雷诺数的沟槽尺寸无量纲公式,用于设计沟槽齿高和齿宽,依据试验风洞的单位雷诺数范围,选定3种尺寸的沟槽进行减阻试验。结果表明,在旋成体表面湍流流动区域顺流向布置沟槽,当沟槽齿高和齿宽的无量纲值h＋、s＋均小于25时,在小迎角下具有减阻作用,当s＋约为15时减阻效果最明显,可减小约3%～4%的阻力。     

飞翼布局无人机保形非对称S弯进气道设计及优化

基于国产动力约束及隐身设计要求,针对飞翼布局无人机双发动机布局进行了保形S弯进气道设计,为进一步提高进气道性能,开展了进气道优化设计研究.首先利用CFD（计算流体动力学）方法对保形进气道风洞模型进行验证,然后结合参数化建模和网格自动生成技术进行CFD数值模拟,最后利用RBF（radial basis function neural network）代理模型及多岛遗传算法开展进气道优化设计.结果表明:①优化后进气道性能有所改善,尤其表现在4°迎角之后性能明显提升,Ma=0.6下4°迎角时总压恢复系数提高了5.46%,畸变指数降低了38.7%;②优化后进气道截面积分布相比初始构型在前段更缓和而后段略微升高,中心线则在前1/3段与初始构型基本一致,之后曲率变化更加平缓;③保形进气道在出口截面具有较强的二次流,侧滑角对于此类进气道在小迎角下影响较小而大迎角时影响较大,设计时应关注大迎角时侧滑特性.      

双下侧定几何二元混压式超声速进气道的风洞试验

 针对一种应用于导弹上的冲压发动机用双下侧布局二元混压式超声速进气道气动特性开展了高速风洞试验研究。研究结果表明,随着反压比的提高,进气道总压恢复系数提高,临界状态后结尾激波系能停留在收缩通道内,在稳定亚临界状态下进气道总压恢复系数最高,但流量系数略有降低;随着来流马赫数的增大,进气道总压恢复系数下降,流量系数在小于设计马赫数下逐渐提高,激波贴口后流量系数基本不变;随着迎角的增大,进气道的总压恢复系数和流量系数随之提高,在Ma＝2.5,侧滑角β＝0°,迎角α增大到6°时进气道出现流量堵塞现象,性能降低;随着侧滑角的增大,两个进气道的性能均下降,迎风侧进气道相对背风侧进气道下降更厉害,在Ma＝2.5,α＝2°,β＝2°时背风侧进气道出现流量堵塞,性能降低;小角度滚转对进气道性能影响不大。     

应用协同射流原理的旋翼翼型增升减阻试验研究

协同射流技术作为一种新型主动流动控制技术,是突破旋翼翼型高增升减阻设计的最有潜力的发展方向之一。以 OA312 旋翼翼型作为基准翼型,研制微型涵道风扇组为驱动的旋翼翼型 CFJ 风洞测力模型,开展基于前缘高负压零质量内循环协同射流原理的旋翼翼型高增升减阻低速风洞试验,研究吹气口大小、吸气口大小和上翼面下沉量等基础参数对增升减阻的影响规律,探讨 CFJ 旋翼翼型关键参数最佳取值。结果表明：与OA312 基准翼型相比,小攻角状态时,CFJ 旋翼翼型可显著降低阻力系数,甚至出现“负阻力”现象,实现了零升俯仰力矩基本不变;大攻角状态时,CFJ 旋翼翼型可显著提升最大升力系数和失速迎角,其中,最大升力系数可提升约 67.5%,失速迎角推迟了近 14.8°。     

钝后缘翼型的后缘减阻装置研究

采用数值模拟方法进行了FB-4000-1000与FB-4000-2000钝后缘翼型的后缘减阻装置研究.分析了后缘减阻隔板安装位置对翼型气动特性的影响.其中后缘台阶中部安装隔板,以升力的小幅损失为代价实现中小迎角范围内减阻约35％,而在较大迎角时减阻约20％.     

三角翼Gurney襟翼增升实验研究

在北航D1风洞中进行了Gurney襟翼对40°三角翼气动特性影响的实验研究,基于根弦长的实验雷诺数Re为250,000。实验采用的Gurney襟翼高度为1%-5%根弦长,侧滑角分别为0°、5°、10°和20°。与不加Gurney襟翼的光滑三角翼相比,Gurney襟翼在中高升力系数条件下可以提高三角翼的升阻比,其中尤其以1%弦长Gurney襟翼最为显著;改变侧滑角将削弱Gurney襟翼的增升作用。     

尖顶襟翼对70°三角翼气动力影响的实验研究

在水洞实验的基础上 ,进一步通过风洞实验研究了尖顶襟翼对 70°三角翼气动特性的影响。实验迎角为 2 0°～ 50°,弯折位置为 30 %c,向下弯折角B为 0°～ 30°。实验结果表明 :尖顶襟翼向下弯折可以推后失速迎角约 5°;在失速迎角后 ,尖顶襟翼对升力系数的提高有明显的效果 ,而对阻力系数的影响不大 ;另外 ,低头的尖顶襟翼可以减弱三角翼的滚转力矩。     

侧滑双三角翼大迎角气动特性与旋涡的关系

 本文对不同展弦比双三角翼有侧滑时的气动力进行了实验研究,α=--3°～42°,β=--20°～20°,雷诺数为1.3×10~6。为分析测力结果,作了测压、空时流场及油流等实验。研究表明,不对称来流使机翼迎风侧旋涡绕合推迟,涡破裂提前,背风侧则相反。有侧滑时机翼不对称涡破裂对气动力影响显著,引起大迎角时滚转不稳定。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.