基于VAPS的电子飞行仪表系统显示设计

以人机界面开发工具软件VAPS为平台,对电子飞行仪表系统的显示画面展开设计,并以外部数据源对显示单元进行驱动,从而为座舱人机交互界面的方案设计提供了早期动态验证和设计辅助手段。     

基于任务场景分析的机载导航页面人机界面设计过程研究

顶层飞行任务场景是民机机载显示系统需求捕获的重要来源,显示系统的人机界面设计通过自顶向 下的飞行任务场景分析,识别显示信息内容,开展信息内容设计,继而开展样式设计、交互行为设计与接口设 计等工作。本文以导航页面为例,综合运用层次任务分析和场景用例分析法,阐述了机载显示系统人机界面的 设计约束和过程,可为民机机载显示系统人机界面的正向设计过程提供借鉴。 [ 关键词] 机载显示系统;导航页面;任务场景;人机界面设计     

基于WPF的民机驾驶舱人机接口快速原型技术

新一代Windows呈现基础(WPF)技术以其丰富的界面表现力和功能扩展能力被广泛应用于图形处理和界面设计上。WPF技术应用于民机驾驶舱人机接口快速原型的开发过程中,将界面与逻辑的开发完全分离,提升开发效率,增强模型可复用性。基于此流程创建的人机接口快速原型可用于显示系统研发过程中的早期设计阶段,确认需求的合理性,优化人机接口设计,减少后期显示系统软件研制过程中的更改,缩短开发周期,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

Achieving a hands-free computer interface using voice recognitionand speech synthesis [for Windows-based ATE]

Software designers at Hill Air Force Base have developed a voice recognition and speech synthesis system (Voice Control) for use with the F-16 Analog Test Station Sustainment (FATSS) project. The Voice Control system is reliable, speaker independent, and has a total added hardware price tag of under $50.00 per station. In contrast to traditional voice recognition systems, operator training is not required. OO-ALC has developed a general-purpose internal interface (Voice Control) to the Speech Recognition and Text-To-Speech engines provided by Microsoft. Voice Control can be accessed by any 32-bit Windows software, which has windows messaging capability. This is available to standard programming languages such as LabWindows CVI, Borland or Microsoft C/C++, Visual Basic, or even commercial packages such as Lotus Notes and Microsoft Word. Through Voice Control, the computer uses both video and voice prompts to request input from the operator. The operator is allowed to enter data and to control the software flow by voice command or from the keyboard or mouse. The Voice Control system allows for dynamic specification of a grammar set, or legal set of commands. The use of a reduced grammar set greatly increases recognition accuracy. The computer voice enables the operator to focus his attention away from the computer screen, which is required for activities such as probing a circuit card and taking readings. When the operator takes readings, the computer, to insure reliable entry, echoes his voice entries. With electronic tuning, speech synthesis allows the operator to hear the resulting reading, enabling him to focus on the circuit card instead of constantly turning his head to see the computer screen. This paper describes the capability and functionality of the Voice Control system     

多无人机监控系统人机交互界面研究

首先从人机权限方面考虑,提出基于三级自主等级以上的无人机系统,分析典型无人机作战任务下各操作项自动化程度、复杂性等信息,得出多机监控能力下操作员角色需向指挥员转变。然后以四机监控为例,通过设计人机智能认知信息架构,建立操作员意图识别模型,采用空域页面布局切换和时域页面智能推显等形 式进行人机交互界面设计,实现单操作员对多架无人机的监控。最后在飞行模拟器环境下进行了多机监控仿真测试,测试结果证明本文设计的人机交互界面合理可行。     

数据链人机界面设计及仿真

随着现代空中交通控制技术的发展,数据链的应用逐渐显得更为重要。然而,数据链应用的有效性是个重要问题。为了满足飞行任务实时性的要求,必须考虑人机界面,特别在CPDLC(Controller Pilot Data Link Communication)通信中。本文采用面向任务的设计思想,对指令进行分类整理,通过综合人机界面显示单元的设计来实现数据链(Data link)人机界面的仿真设计。     

军机适航“安全性分析与评估”条款浅析及其工程实施途径探究

在当今的军机研制过程中,军方借鉴民机的适航管理方式力推适航性审查,以确保飞机的安全性水平.如何贯彻适航要求、如何将适航与安全性设计深度融合成为飞机研制单位亟待解决的问题.本文从飞机总体设计单位的角度,探究适航与安全的关系,对比适航工作与安全性工作的异同,并结合工程实际,对军用飞机研制过程中如何将适航与安全性管理、设计和评估工作有机结合、高效开展的方式方法提出了建议.有效避免了适航工作和安全性设计工作的不协调甚至相互矛盾情况的出现,可供军机承研单位参考.     

Integrating Avionics in the Conceptual Design Phase

The avionics components of modern military aircraft significantly impact the cost and effectiveness of the total aeronautical system. In the early conceptual phase, aeronautical system designers give scant attention to designing the avionics components. The design team generally provides weight, volume and power considerations for the desired avionics functions and assumes that an avionics suite can be assembled. Less than comprehensive attention is given to the interacting effect avionics have with the other system components. In contrast, the designers expend a very large effort on finding the best balanced combination of airframe and propulsion components which satisfy the design objectives. This paper shows why avionics must be a co-equal member of the aeronautical system along with airframe, propulsion, and armament. To become a co-equal partner, avionics must be an element of the system design iterations and analysis commencing with the early conceptual design phase of a new aeronautical system.     

飞行模拟器操纵负荷系统的无源性设计

 操纵负荷系统是飞行员与飞行模拟器之间的接口装置。提出了这种人在回路的实时控制系统的一种新的设计思想,这种设计将无源性与阻抗的概念结合,并将系统阻抗的频率特性作为定量设计的手段。基于频率分析,控制器设计中应增加一个阻尼项,使传递到操作员手上的阻抗与飞行环境的阻抗相匹配。并指出,系统中的力伺服系统的阻尼比应在0.5~0.8范围内以满足这个虚拟环境的无源性要求。操纵负荷系统的无源性可保证整个仿真系统的稳定性。所提出的设计思想还可推广应用于其他各种虚拟环境的设计。     

五自由度位移平台控制系统设计

介绍了一种五自由度位移平台控制系统的设计。该系统为风洞流场中温度、压力等传感器进行测试提供位移平台。采用自行设计的运动控制器,结构简单,控制精确;移植了嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ,通过μC／OS-Ⅱ来调度运动控制器的多个任务;采用PC机作为上位机,为用户提供友好的人机界面。     

基于QNX的分布式异构仿真平台的实现

QNX作为嵌入式实时操作系统之一,它具有强实时、高可靠性、可剪裁、可配置、可扩充、可移植的特点,支持主流嵌入式处理器,目前主要应用在军事武器装备和航空航天领域.本文从航空电子系统对实时操作系统的要求出发,着重介绍了嵌入式实时操作系统QNX在PC104平台上的移植和配置网络连接通信技术,实现了基于QNX的分布式异构仿真平台,并通过实例验证了QNX的实时通信机制,建立了QNX在航空电子系统中应用的雏形,并给出了下一步工作的重点.     

波音777飞机ACARS系统及马航MH370航班失联事件分析

马来西亚航空公司MH370客机失联事件一度引发媒体与公众的诸多猜测,猜测的焦点之一就是执飞的波音777飞机的飞机通信寻址与报告系统(Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System,简称ACARS)功能是如何被关闭的。从专业角度出发,首先采用Sys ML建模的方式描述了波音777飞机ACARS系统的详细架构和人机接口,并据此深入分析了马航MH370航班失联事件中ACARS被关闭的情景。最后,提出了此次事件暴露出的现代民用飞机设计中存在的问题以及改进方法。     

A hazard analysis via an improved timed colored petri net with time–space coupling safety constraint

Petri nets are graphical and mathematical tools that are applicable to many systems for modeling, simulation, and analysis. With the emergence of the concept of partitioning in time and space domains proposed in avionics application standard software interface(ARINC 653), it has become difficult to analyze time–space coupling hazards resulting from resource partitioning using classical or advanced Petri nets. In this paper, we propose a time–space coupling safety constraint and an improved timed colored Petri net with imposed time–space coupling safety constraints(TCCP-NET) to fill this requirement gap. Time–space coupling hazard analysis is conducted in three steps: specification modeling, simulation execution, and results analysis. A TCCP-NET is employed to model and analyze integrated modular avionics(IMA), a real-time, safety-critical system. The analysis results are used to verify whether there exist time–space coupling hazards at runtime. The method we propose demonstrates superior modeling of safety-critical real-time systems as it can specify resource allocations in both time and space domains. TCCP-NETs can effectively detect underlying time–space coupling hazards.     

A hierarchical updating method for finite element model of airbag buffer system under landing impact

In this paper, we propose an impact finite element(FE) model for an airbag landing buffer system. First, an impact FE model has been formulated for a typical airbag landing buffer system. We use the independence of the structure FE model from the full impact FE model to develop a hierarchical updating scheme for the recovery module FE model and the airbag system FE model.Second, we define impact responses at key points to compare the computational and experimental results to resolve the inconsistency between the experimental data sampling frequency and experimental triggering. To determine the typical characteristics of the impact dynamics response of the airbag landing buffer system, we present the impact response confidence factors(IRCFs) to evaluate how consistent the computational and experiment results are. An error function is defined between the experimental and computational results at key points of the impact response(KPIR)to serve as a modified objective function. A radial basis function(RBF) is introduced to construct updating variables for a surrogate model for updating the objective function, thereby converting the FE model updating problem to a soluble optimization problem. Finally, the developed method has been validated using an experimental and computational study on the impact dynamics of a classic airbag landing buffer system.     

利用PLC实现动中通的集中控制

本文针对动中通的集中控制需求,设计了一种基于PLC 的控制系统,目的在于解决当前控制系统的可靠性不高、不便操控、性能不稳定等问题。介绍了以松下的FPX系列晶体管输出型的可编程控制器（PLC）为核心的动中通集中控制系统,详细描述了系统的硬件组成及软件结构,包括PLC 与人机界面（HMI）联机通信,实现人机对话,全方位管理和监控动中通系统的工作状态, 对出现的故障实时报警。     

一种针对交互式软件的功能测试方法

交互式软件的功能是通过复杂的人机交互完成的,目前的功能测试常常只考虑软件的界面信息,而不考虑软件的具体需求和逻辑实现流程,这就导致测试巾随意性较大,测试过程难以有序进行。针对这种情况,文章提出了一种基于数据流图的功能测试方法,依据交互式软件的需求规约和用户界面,以数据的流向来组织功能测试过程。     

基于矩化GO法的某型电动飞机扰流板系统可靠性

扰流板冗余系统提升了新能源电动飞机的可靠性。采用GO法建立电动飞机扰流板系统可靠性模型,设计SIMULINK仿真界面,针对操作符11给出一种新的运算模块。针对扰流板冗余系统设计一种矩化操作符,给出运算流程,有效减少传统GO法在冗余系统建模工作量,利用故障树分析法对结果进行验证。结果表明,本文提出的方法切实可行,为新能源电动飞机扰流板系统可靠性分析提供了新的思路。     

Wideband Interference Cancellation in Adaptive Sidelobe Cancellers

This paper presents numerical results from a study of sidelobe cancellers operating against wideband interfering signals. The study was designed to provide information that would be useful to system designers. Among other things, we address the question of whether it is best to enhance the bandwidth capability of the canceller by using tapped delay lines or simply by using more auxiliary elements. We also develop guidance rules to help the designer determine the number of adaptive loops required for a given environment.     

Minimizing human-machine interface failures in high risk systems

Technology now permits the building of very complex man-machine systems with centralized controls, with the result that many processes can be run by relatively few individual workers. Studies of failures within these complex systems indicate that they are usually the consequence of a series of highly complex coincidences. There is an institutional neglect or misunderstanding of the implications of low-probability, high-consequence events for the design of complex man-machine systems. We must stop designing systems in which we virtually guarantee that operator errors will occur with catastrophic consequences. The greatest payback in reducing high risk system accidents is to reduce catastrophes induced or exacerbated by human error. This paper discusses some task breakdowns between the human element and software/hardware. These task allocations allow the complex man-machine system to be designed more robustly and prevent human error so as to reduce possible catastrophic consequences