曲面形栅格翼气动特性研究

与常规栅格翼布局相比，曲面形栅格翼布局减小了栅格翼翼元的等固壁通道的长度，从而有效降低了翼元内气流的壅塞，另外，这种栅格翼布局结构简单，易于折叠，减小了飞行器的轮廓尺寸，具有很好的工程应用前景。本文通过数值模拟方法，在亚、跨、超声速条件下，研究了曲面形栅格翼布局的减阻效果和减阻机理，对比了曲面形栅格翼和常规后掠形栅格翼布局的减阻效果，并对不同迎风方式的曲面形栅格翼气动特性进行了分析。     

叶轮机通流计算的时间推进方法

本文首次将时间推进思想应用于通流计算,采用四级龙格-库塔方法求解,根本上解决了目前出现的轴向流动跨音高负荷叶轮机设计困难,初步工作取得了较好结果。作者们预期,时间推进通流计算方法还将弥补现有许多通流计算方法的不足,将在工程设计中发挥更大作用。      

跨声速风扇叶片的静态气动弹性问题

使用时域的流固耦合数值计算方法,研究了跨声速风扇叶片在气动力和离心力共同作用下的静态气动弹性问题,分析了叶片在不同工况下的变形规律及叶片变形对整体气动性能的影响.NASA rotor 67的静态气动弹性计算说明气动力对叶片最大变形的贡献达13.07%, 而且叶片变形明显地改变了通道激波的位置和强度.宽弦空心跨声速风扇叶片的静态气动弹性计算说明叶片变形对总体气动效率的影响为0.15%~ 0.5%,其中气动力对变形贡献在叶片尖部的前缘可达41%,考虑气动力引起的变形使得该风扇的流量增大,气动特性线整体向右偏移.计算结果说明:气动力的非线性对跨声速风扇叶片静态变形问题有显著的影响,工程实践中从设计叶型到制造叶型的反扭过程应该采用流固耦合方法以得到更准确的叶型.      

Review of unsteady transonic aerodynamics: Theory and applications

Unsteady transonic flow theory is reviewed and classical results from the nonlinear asymptotic theory are combined with new results from computational fluid dynamics. The emphasis is on applications to the field of aeroelasticity and on clarifying the limitations of linearized theories in problems involving mixed subsonic-supersonic flows. The inherent differences between nonlinear transonic aerodynamics and linear subsonic and supersonic aerodynamics are considered from a theoretical and computational standpoint, and the practical implications of these differences in formulating suitable aerodynamic models for aeroelastic stability calculations are discussed. Transonic similarity principles are reviewed and their relevance in understanding flutter, divergence, and control reversal phenomena of transonic aircraft is illustrated through practical examples.     

Coupled simulation of flow-structure interaction in turbomachinery

The aeroelastic behaviour of vibrating blade assemblies is usually investigated in the frequency domain where the determination of aeroelastic stability boundaries is separated from the computation of linearized unsteady aerodynamic forces. However, nonlinear fluid-structure interaction caused by oscillating shocks or strong flow separation may significantly influence the aerodynamic damping and hence effect a shift of stability boundaries. In order to investigate such aeroelastic phenomena, the governing equations of structural and fluid motion have to be simultaneously integrated in time.In this paper a technique is presented which analyses the flutter behaviour of turbomachinery bladings in the time domain. The structural part of the governing aeroelastic equations is time-integrated according to the algorithm of Newmark, while the unsteady airloads are computed at every time step by a Navier–Stokes code. The link between the two time integrations is an automatic grid generation in which the used mesh is dynamically deformed so that it conforms with the deflected blades at every time step.The computed time series of the aeroelastic simulation of an assembly of highly loaded compressor blades vibrating freely in transonic flow are presented. The energy transfer between fluid and structure is here dominated by vibrating shocks and shock-boundary layer interaction. It is investigated if the predicted aeroelastic stability boundaries differ from those of a linearised method.     

混合网格方法在栅格翼数值模拟中的应用研究

栅格翼是采用一种蜂房结构设计的升力面和控制面,和传统舵面相比具有铰链力矩小、能在较大攻角下保持升力等特点,并得到了越来越广泛的应用。由于栅格尾翼的特殊结构,网格生成具有很大的难度。本文采用了结构、非结构混合网格的办法,在弹体和栅格翼的物面附近区域,生成适合粘性计算的大长宽比的结构网格,弹体网格和栅格翼网格之间采用非结构网格进行填充,满足非结构网格和结构网格交接面的完全对接。本文基于结构/非结构网格体系采用有限体积方法求解NS方程,对不同舵偏角下的栅格翼构形进行了数值模拟,并通过实验结果对数值方法进行了验证。     

Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of the folding fin with freeplay under thermal environment

The nonlinear aeroelastic behavior of a folding fin in supersonic flow is investigated in this paper. The finite element model of the fin is established and the deployable hinges are represented by three torsion springs with the freeplay nonlinearity. The aerodynamic grid point is assumed to be at the center of each aerodynamic box for simplicity. The aerodynamic governing equation is given by using the infinite plate spline method and the modified linear piston theory. An improved fixed-interface modal synthesis method, which can reduce the rigid connections at the interface, is developed to save the problem size and computation time. The uniform temperature field is applied to create the thermal environment. For the linear flutter analyses, the flutter speed increases first and then decreases with the rise of the hinge stiffness due to the change of the flutter coupling mechanism. For the nonlinear analyses, a larger freeplay angle results in a higher vibration divergent speed. Two different types of limit cycle oscillations and a multiperiodic motion are observed in the wide range of airspeed under the linear flutter boundary. The linear flutter speed shows a slight descend in the thermal environment, but the effect of the temperature on the vibration divergent speed is different under different hinge stiffnesses when there exists freeplay.     

类X-37B航天器气动力天地相关性数值模拟

随着高性能计算机的发展,CFD已成为飞行器设计和流场分析不可缺少的重要手段,风洞试验与飞行数据的天地相关性问题正是其中一项重要的研究内容,X-37B作为继航天飞机之后美国发展的最成功的可跨大气层在轨飞行器,从气动特性角度分析其大气层内飞行走廊的状态对中国类似航天器的研制具有重要的借鉴意义。首先,对计算类X-37B布局飞行器的网格无关性及网格修正开展了研究,在此基础上提出的网格规模影响修正方法对该类飞行器的计算结果修正经过验证是可信的;然后,分别对比分析了雷诺数的影响和试验状态支架干扰的影响,完成了基于数值模拟的高空飞行与风洞试验气动特性差异分析。结果表明,网格规模主要对亚声速来流计算状态压差产生的轴向力影响较大,对法向力系数、俯仰力矩系数和纵向压心影响较小;雷诺数对该类飞行器气动特性特别是轴向力系数、阻力系数和升阻比有较大的影响,但随着马赫数的增加,影响特性开始变的非常复杂;由于风洞试验状态支杆存在,亚跨声速来流条件对该类飞行器的底阻影响很大,需要采取一定的方法和手段对支杆影响进行修正。     

超声速条件下多体干扰与分离试验研究

采用根据国外公开文献设计的类CAV模型,在0．6m×0．6m 跨/超声速风洞中开展了多体干扰与分离网格测力试验研究,初步获得了典型多体飞行器分离过程中的气动特性变化规律。试验结果表明,载荷模型气动特性受分离位置变化影响非常明显。载荷模型沿轴向分离时,气动力（矩）逐步接近自由流中气动力（矩）值,载荷模型法向位置改变会引发其气动力（矩）值发生更为剧烈的变化。引发这种现象的原因有两个：一是尾迹和头激波的发展改变了不同轴向位置处载荷模型的表面流态,从而影响了其气动特性;二是母机模型底部流动具有明显的非对称膨胀特征,不同法向位置处流速大小和方向差异明显,导致载荷模型气动特性随法向位置变化更为剧烈。     

吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计原理

针对亚声速及超、跨声速轴流压气机,全面论述了吸附式低反动度轴流压气机气动设计思想,指出了该思想的具体实现形式、应用条件以及各参数之间的相互影响.指出针对亚声速轴流压气机,可利用动叶出口轴向速度提升或增加动叶入口正预旋以降低动叶中扩压因子从而确保动叶流动效率;而针对超、跨声速轴流压气机,可通过提升动叶入口激波后的轴向速度实现气流在动叶中大幅折转并保证动叶效率.其出口轴向速度选取,需兼顾动叶效率以及下游静叶栅入口马赫数以及气流角需求.最后总结了吸附式低反动度轴流压气机的研究进展.      

弧形翼-身组合体空气动力特性的数值模拟研究

利用高精度ＴＶＤ格式成功地完成了标准ＴＴＣＰ弧形翼－身组合体在马赫数为０．８～２．３６的湍流流场计算,通过对翼表面压力的积分求得自诱导转动力矩,与相应的风洞实验数据基本一致。流场的计算结果显示：自诱导转动力矩的变化主要是由于翼前缘和翼后半部分产生的法向力的差异造成的。最后进行了不同翼形参数的弧形翼－身组合体湍流流场计算,发现翼前缘削尖角角度增大和翼弦长增大,使总法向力增大。     

一种CFD/CSD耦合计算方法

针对柔性大展弦比机翼气动弹性分析和主动弹性机翼(AAW)设计发展了一种计算流体动力学(CFD)和计算结构动力学(CSD)的耦合计算方法。其主要思想是采用在同一物理时间弱耦合求解CFD/CSD技术。气动力采用非定常N-S方程的双时间有限体积求解技术,结构响应则采用有限元数值求解技术。CFD和CSD耦合计算的边界信息(气动力和网格)由所设计的界面程序传输。网格信息传输采用守恒体积转换(CVT)方法将CSD计算结构响应位移插值到CFD网格点上。变形已有的CFD网格技术用以确定CFD的变形网格。以位移或载荷的迭代误差为判断耦合计算的收敛标准。最后得到了机翼在Ma=0.8395,α=5.06°时CFD/CSD耦合计算的收敛值。针对计算结果分析了机翼受静气动弹性过程中结构响应和气动特性随时间变化的效应。初步研究结果表明:这种弱耦合方法求解非线性气动弹性问题是可行的。     

用全位势方程计算机翼的亚声速,跨声速和超声速绕流

对大后掠小展弦比细长机翼,本文对机翼纵轴垂直的每一横流截面生成O型网格,形成对机翼流场的H-O型网格,用守恒型全位势方程、差分和隐式近似因式分解迭代算法计算绕机翼的可压缩位流。自由流可从亚声速直到低超声速的全部跨声速范围。本算法要求机翼前缘有大后掠角,后缘可稍许后掠或前掠。本文算例表明,所研制的计算程序已可提供工程实用。     

一种新型多维通量函数在求解平面叶栅跨音速流动的应用

采用一种改进的Ｒｏｅ格式对平面叶栅的无粘流动进行了数值模拟,并与Ｒｏｅ格式的计算结果进行了比较。采用四阶Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔａ时间差分格式,空间三阶有限体积法。网格生成采用贴体网格近壁面修正的方法。计算结果表明,该格式在减少格式对网格的依赖性,抑制数值粘性方面具有明显的作用。     

Aeroelastic response of a 2-D airfoil in a compressible flow field and exposed to blast loading

This paper deals with the generation and use of proper aerodynamic indicial functions toward the aeroelastic formulation of two-dimensional lifting surfaces in the subsonic compressible, linearized transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flight speed regimes. The indicial function approach enables one to treat in an unified way (i.e. in the time and frequency domains) the subcritical aeroelastic response and the flutter instability of lifting surfaces. Validations of the aerodynamic model are documented and excellent agreements are reported. In addition, closed form solutions and aerodynamic derivatives for different flight speed regimes are obtained; comparisons, and results displaying the aeroelastic response to blast loads are presented, and pertinent conclusions are outlined.     

用四阶Runge-Kuta法和TVD格式求解两维跨超音流场

利用坐标转换给出两维任意曲线坐标系下雅可比矩阵特征值、特征向量及Harten型TVD格式的详细表达式, 并结合四阶Runge-Kuta法发展了一种新的、有效的求解超音、跨音流场的算法。数值计算表明, 本文的方法可有效地求解跨音流场。      

计算跨音速三维机翼非定常载荷的核函数法

 本文给出了在跨音速流动中,计算三维机翼非定常载荷分布的核函数法和计算结果。此方法是基于线化升力面理论,利用在亚、超音速情况下,联系载荷分布与下洗的积分方程的核函数,采用局部线化法来处理跨音速的非定常绕流问题。在计算中引进了线分布的冲波偶极子,并嵌入适当的正冲波边界条件。 我们从统一的超、亚音速核函数表达式出发,对亚音速区数值积分作了新的简便的处理,对于亚、超音速区相互的诱导下洗给出了自己的数值积分过程。我们算了三个例题,和文献上的数值符合较好。     

Numerical simulation of viscous flows with adaptively refined Cartesian grid

Quadtree-based Cartesian grid was automatically generated from specified geometry.Adaptive refinements were performed according to geometric parameters and solution of flow field.An altered CCST (curvature corrected symmetry technique) approach was proposed to apply solid wall boundary conditions.Driven flows in a square cavity and flows around NACA0012 airfoil were simulated and compared with the result of published structured grid and stretched Cartesian grid.The results show that solid wall boundary condition are accurately applied by current altered CCST approach,while incompressible/compressible subsonic,transonic and supersonic viscous flows are adequately simulated with adaptively refined Cartesian grid.      

多块协调变形的网格变形技术及其应用

基于多块网格协调变形的理论,提出了适用于叶轮机内流多物边界的更具一般性的网格变形技术,先获得块边界处的变形量,然后插值得到块内网格各点的变形量。通过二维振荡叶栅和带叶尖间隙的三维跨音风扇叶片的非定常绕流算例,证明网格变形技术在叶轮机气弹稳定性数值模拟中的应用是有效的,能够在保证网格高精度的条件下,提高网格变形速度。