Working Mechanism of a Kind of Non-resonant Linear Piezoelectric Motor with Flexible Driving End

A non-resonant piezoelectric linear motor with a flexible driving end,which has an extensive working frequency range and good operation stability,is studied theoretically and experimentally.Based on the microscopic vibration characteristics of the motor stator,the longitudinal vibration model is established for the whole motor system.According to the Coulomb friction model and the motor vibration model,the friction mechanism of the nonresonant piezoelectric linear motor is investigated by dynamical analysis of the whole motor system.Furthermore,the vibration characteristics and mechanical output characteristics of the stator are simulated and experimentally studied on the basis of the friction drive mechanism model.Finally,both the simulation and experimental results show that this kind of motor remain stable in the frequency domain from 2.2 kHz to 3.5 kHz and that when the pre-stress is 4 Nand the driving voltage is 90 V,the maximum velocity of the motor is above 4 mm/s and the maximum thrust is nearly 0.5 N.     

Structural Design and Control of Variable Camber Wing Driven by Ultrasonic Motors

A novel variable camber wing driven by ultrasonic motors is proposed.Key techniques of distributed layout of drive mechanisms,coordination control of distributed ultrasonic motors as well as novel flexible skin undergoing one-dimensional morphing are studied.The system integration of small variable camber wing is achieved.Distributed layout of parallelogram linkages driven by geared ultrasonic motors is adopted for morphing,aimed at reducing the load for each motor and producing various aerodynamic configurations suitable for different flying states.Programmable system-on-chip(PSoC)is used to realize the coordination control of the distributed ultrasonic motors.All the morphing driving systems are assembled in the interior of the wing.The wing surface is covered with a novel smooth flexible skin in order to maintain wing shape and decrease the aerodynamic drag during morphing.Wind tunnel test shows that the variable camber wing can realize morphing under low speed flight condition.Lift and drag characteristics and aerodynamic efficiency of the wing are improved.Appropriate configurations can be selected to satisfy aerodynamic requirements of different flight conditions.The study provides a practical application of piezoelectric precision driving technology in flow control.     

压电智能桁架结构的位移最优控制

使压电智能桁架结构中待控制节点位移的最大值达到最小，以结构强度及作动器性态作为约束条件，以作动器电压作为控制变量，建立最优控制模型。对结构进行了机电耦合有限元分析，利用线性压电学原理，导出了结构节点位移及杆件应力与控制电压的关系。模型被转化为序列线性规划问题进行求解。用数值方法模拟了结构位移控制的效果，实例表明该方法在保证强度的同时，能有效控制结构的节点位移，并可处理任意工况多位移要求的情况，这是普通结构通过初始结构设计难以实现的。     

五自由度磁悬磨头电控系统研究

研究的高速磨床电磁悬浮磨头电控系统尽量采用最新技术，在保证系统 性能的前提下降低了系统造价。在该系统中采用TMS320F240 DSP芯片作为控制核心，同时控制磁悬浮轴承的悬浮和变频电机调速，采用运行效率很高的汇编语言编写控制软件，其中磁悬浮轴承是PID控制算法，电机调速为SPWM方式。磁悬浮轴承PWM功率放大器中采用能简化驱动的新型半桥电路，电机调速主电路中采用智能功率模块（IPM）。动态刚度测试和高速运转实验表明，该电控系统满足高速磨床电磁悬浮磨头的控制要求。     

多片压电双晶片并联驱动器的设计

针对微型无人机在受到外界干扰时通过自适应控制来实现飞行的稳定性设计了一种多片压电双晶片并联驱动的新型驱动器.用功率放大器和频谱分析仪分别对驱动器的在空载和带栽情况下的静态特性和动态特性进 行了测试,分析比较了在不同负载下单片压电双晶片和双片压电双晶片组成的驱动器的驱动能力,测得了双片 压电双晶片并联驱动器的输出位移和驱动电压之问的传递函数.实验结果表明:该驱动器不仅可以实现位移放 大,而且可以通过多片压电双晶片并联补偿驱动器的输出力,为设计新型压电双晶片驱动器提供了新的思路,同 时为压电双晶片驱动器的自适应控制提供了参考.     

功率因数校正的数字控制技术应用研究

以单管Boost型PFC电路作为研究对象,分别针对电流断续、电流临界连续和电流连续3种工作模态,详细讨论了数字控制PFC的实现方法和设计过程,并分别给出了样机实验结果;此外,结合MC56F8013的外设资源特点,给出了基于DSP的PFC详细的系统接口设计,包括PWM控制策略和同步控制AD采样环节.对PFC的数字控制方案进行了系统研究,提供了不同工作模式下的完整数字控制解决方案,为功率因数的数字控制技术应用提供了较好的参考作用.     

一种基于纵弯模态复合的新型两自由度直线超声电机的研究

提出了一种基于两个弯曲振动模态与一个纵向振动模态复合的新型两自由度直线超声电机。介绍了这种电机的结构特点。阐述了电机实现两个自由度直线运动的原理，并从理论上证明了电机驱动点的运动轨迹为椭圆运动。在此基础上，利用有限元方法设计了电机，并制造了原理性样机。利用PSV-300F多普勒激光测振仪对电机的工作模态进行了测试，实验结果表明，电机的工作振型和工作频率等均满足设计要求。电机的试运行表明了其工作原理和设计结果的正确性，并给出了电机的输出性能。最后指出了该样机存在的问题和改进措施。     

Influence of Friction Interface Contact on Ultrasonic Motor Efficiency Under Static Conditions

The friction interface matching plays a deterministic role in the motor efficiency,and the microcosmic contact status of friction interface should be investigated to improve the ultrasonic motor performance.The main purpose is to improve the effective output power of ultrasonic motor.Hence,one studies the contact condition of the friction interface of the ultrasonic motor,analyzes the micro condition of contact interface through finite element analysis,optimizes unreasonable structures,and compares the two different-structure ultrasonic motors through experiments.The results reflect the necessity of optimization.After optimization,the stator and rotor deform after pre-pressure and the contact interface of them full contact theoretically.When reaching heat balance the effective output of the motor is 37%,and the average effective output efficiency is 2.384 times higher than that of the unoptimized.It can be seen that the total consumption of the ultrasonic motor system decreases significantly.Therefore,when using in certain system the consumption taken from the system will decreases largely,especially in the system with a strict consumption control.     

一种功率因数校正电路的分析与实现

介绍了一种用普通开关电源专用集成电路控制块作为控制电路，以升压式变换器作为功率电路的功率因数校正电路。该电路的输出直流电压经采样、误差放大作为电流基准，将Ｂｏｏｓｔ功率开关电流与电流基准比较，当功率开关电流瞬时值小于电流基准时，用专用ＩＣ发出的给定宽度脉冲驱动功率开关；反之，将提前关断功率开关。当负载变化时，电流基准也变化，从而保证了输入电流波形跟踪输入电压波形和输出电压的稳定。本文提出了该电路输入电流的计算方法，编制了分析程序，分析了输入电流的谐波含量，并计算了电路的输入功率因数。得出了在占空度为０．５时获得最大功率因数的条件，提出了获得最大功率因数时电路参数选择的一般原则。同时指出了该电路符合ＩＥＣ５５５－２标准的功率范围。     

Turned off Characteristics of Linear Ultrasonic Motor

The high controllability and high resolution control of linear ultrasonic motors depend on effective control of driving signals.For a good control characteristic,step control which the driver output turned off and on was used.Therefore,a novel dual PWM topology structure ultrasonic motor driver was designed and analyzed.According to the characteristics of the circuits,two kinds of hardware turned off methods named methods A and B were discussed.The differences of the voltage applied on motor by different methods were figured out.Finally,a series of experiments were carried out in the clean room to study the influence of step characteristic by different turn off methods.The experimental results show that the steplength was 230 nm by method A and 125 nm by method B,while cycles of driving signals were 6.The method B has a smaller steplength when cycles are 6.The average steplength varies in non-linear while driving cycles changing.The steplength varies approximately in linear while voltage amplitude changing.Therefore,method B is better to implement step control,because it gets a better control in positioning system.     

永磁直线电机微铣削系统的设计和性能研究

介绍了自行研制的小型超精密数控微铣削系统构成。针对该系统着重讲述采用永磁直线电机作为驱动源的精密滑台部分的结构及数控系统设计。经伺服环调节及性能实验验证,系统具有优良的动、静态控制性能,通过测定并利用统计方法计算确定系统水平进给工作台的定位精度达到亚微米级。通过微薄壁结构工件铣削试验结果表明,系统具备微细铣削加工能力,并可实现大深宽比三维微小零件的加工。最后分析了工件尺寸误差的成因。     

小型杆式超声电机及其驱动电源的研究

开发了一种驱动仪表指针用的新型小型杆式超声电机,分析了电机定子等效电路参数的测量方法.为了缩小驱动电源的尺寸,根据谐振升压原理,研制了与该杆式超声电机相匹配的小型无变压器驱动电路.理论分析证明,当选择基波频率驱动、开关信号占空比为0.65时,驱动电路的工作效率最高.实验结果表明,电机的最高空载转速为520 r/min,最大输出扭矩为4.5×10-3N·m,故验证了样机及驱动电源设计方案的正确性.     

低温环境下超声电机定子特性

超声电机是一种新型的驱动器,由于其具有大力矩/重量比,控制性能好等优点,适合在航天器上使用,因此,在低温环境下对超声电机性能的变化进行研究就非常必要.分析了在低温环境下,超声电机定子弹性体和压电陶瓷元件性能变化,改进了不同环境下超声电机用压电陶瓷的压电方程,并通过该方程推出了压电陶瓷元件的d33随着温度的下降而降低.结合超声电机定子振动,归纳出低温环境下,超声电机定子对超声电机性能下降的影响.通过超声电机在低温环境下的性能测试,验证了低温环境下超声电机定子性能变化的理论分析.得到结论:压电陶瓷在低温环境下的性能下降是影响超声电机定子性能变化的主要原因.     

单模态驱动双向运动的斜动子V形直线超声电机

针对双模态超声电机对模态频率一致性要求高以及单模态超声电机难以实现双向运动等问题,提出了一种单模态驱动双向运动的斜动子V形直线超声电机。电机由导轨和V形定子构成,导轨相对于V形定子倾斜安装,V形定子的工作模态为面内对称模态或面内反对称模态,通过切换工作模态改变定子驱动足运动轨迹相对导轨的倾斜方向,实现导轨正反向运动。在分析电机工作原理及设计原则的基础上,推导了电机运行的导轨倾角范围,并对设计制作的原理样机进行了模态实验和机械特性测试。实验表明:在导轨倾角为35°,激励峰峰值电压为600V,预压力为65 N条件下,当电机工作在面内对称模态,导轨正向运动,其最大空载速度为180mm/s,最大输出力为14N;当电机工作在面内反对称模态,导轨反向运动,其最大空载速度为125mm/s,最大输出力为24N。     

纵弯模态复合的两自由度直线超声电机

所研制的两自由度直线超声电机由一个圆柱形定子和一个滑板组成.通过三组压电陶瓷元件在定子上分别激励出两个互相垂直的弯振模态和一个纵振模态.任一弯振模态和纵振模态的组合,可以驱动滑板沿x或y方向作直线运动.本文从提高电机的输出性能和驱动效率出发,提出了电机设计的要点.这些要点包括工作模态的选择、模态频率的一致性、压电陶瓷元件和支承元件的位置、预压力的大小和干扰模态的影响等.     

Test on an Optimized Cylindrical Non-contact Piezoelectric Actuator

An optimization design for the cylindrical non-contact piezoelectric actuator is presented after analyzing the acoustic radiation pressure and acoustic viscous force.By adding the specific microstructure on the rotor to alter the near-field sound effect and maximize the use of high intensity acoustic field induced by the stator to drive the rotor,the rotor speed is increased.The finite element analysis of the acoustic field induced by a variety of rotors with different structures is conducted,A prototype is manufactured,the speed-test system for the actuator is built,and the driving characteristics are measured.The results suggest that the rotation speed of the rotor can reach 4 167r/min,which demonstrates that the driving characteristics of cylindrical non-contact piezoelectric actuator are successfully improved using the optimization method proposed.     

压电固体作动筒及其在结构中的应用

建立了大位移压电固体作动筒（Ｐｉｅｚｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ｓｔｒａｉｎ ａｃｔｕａｔｏｒ， ＰＺＴ ＩＳＡ）的动力学模型。探讨了压电固体作动筒在结构应用中的力学驱动模型，研究了压电作动筒和结构之间的驱动传递关系，以及在结构应用中获得最大输出位移和最大作用力的匹配关系；研究了利用压电作动筒驱动直升机伺服襟翼的一种初步构想以及机械放大机构，用于替代现有的液压装置，对旋翼进行主动减震降噪。同时在不同的频率及负载下，对压电作动筒的驱动性能进行了实验，并作了讨论。结论表明：利用压电作动筒作为直升机伺服襟翼控制的驱动器件，可以实现对伺服襟翼的主动变形及振动控制。     

应用于磁悬挂系统的200V─6OA晶体管斩波器

在大功率磁悬挂系统中，电磁铁电流必须采用开关频率较高的大功率斩波器来调节。本文介绍一个用于磁悬挂系统的大功率晶体管斩波器，它的工作电源电压为２００Ｖ，输出电流为６０Ａ，斩波频率为２ｋＨｚ，试验负载从阻性到感性，电感量达２．５Ｈ。该斩波器在一个单自由度大功率磁悬浮试验装置中完成了磁悬挂控制试验。该斩波器由不对称半桥、开关辅助网络、最优基极驱动电路ＵＡＡ４００２、一次脉冲源ＭＣ３４０６０及电流反馈环等部分构成，具有多种保护功能和良好的传输特性线性度。     

Structural Design and Control Strategy Analysis of Micro/Nano Transmission Platform

A fully flexure micro/nano transmission platform(MNTP)which has five degrees of freedom is designed on the basis of bridge type amplification mechanism.According to the kinematic theory and the elastic beam theory,the theoretical output displacement equation of the platform is derived,and then piezoelectric actuator(PZT)is calibrated.Meanwhile,a full closed-loop control strategy of the platform is established using the feedforward proportional-integral-derivative(PID)compound control algorithm based on the Preisach model.Moreover,the total transfer function of the micro positioning system is derived,and the calculation method of output signal is acquired.Finally,the theoretical output displacement is verified by finite element analysis(FEA)and positioning experiments.     

一种新型无线传感器网络电源设计

通过对压电陶瓷的机电能量转换机理和电能存储特性的研究,设计一种压电发电装置和相应的能量转换及存储电路为无线传感器网络供电。针对常规整流电路输入电流存在死区、呈尖顶波的特点,利用非线性阻抗元件的导通、关断及储能的特性,采用交叠泵升的电路连结形式,设计一种非线性阻抗变换整流电路,有效地克服和缩小了输入电流的死区范围。