基于Mn3+浓度和形貌控制的高性能LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料

为了改善高电压镍锰酸锂(LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4)材料的电化学性能,提出利用退火热处理过程调控Mn~(3+)含量和材料形貌来制备LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4正极材料。LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料的电性能是材料结构、形貌等多因素影响的结果。退火热处理有助于Mn~(3+)氧化成Mn~(4+),实现Mn~(3+)含量调控。退火后材料的空间结构由Fd3m向P4_332转变,且具有微米级多面体形貌,有效提高了循环稳定性和放电平台。研究表明:700℃退火保温15 h合成的材料在20 C下具有118 mAh·g~(-1)放电比容量,循环100次容量保持率提高到92.8%。因此,通过优化Mn~(3+)含量、控制材料形貌可以实现高性能LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料制备。     

高硅氧/有机硅透波材料介电性能实验分析

对所研制的低残炭率甲基硅树脂基透波复合材料的介电性能进行了实验分析。结果表明,用甲基硅树脂作为基体的透波复合材料介电性能优良,在800℃和1 200℃高温处理后,采用电磁波频率9.30 GHz测试介电常数小于3.5,材料透波率高达90%以上;在700~1 200℃范围内介电常数随温度的升高变化不明显,温度每升高100℃,介电常数变化小于1%;在一定范围内,增加添加剂含量对透波材料的介电性能影响不大;采用浸渍有机硅树脂和表面涂覆有机涂层的防潮处理方法,可有效抑制材料介电性能的变化。     

SiO_2添加剂对防热透波一体化复相陶瓷结构及性能的影响

为研究能满足高马赫数飞行条件下的防热、承载、透波等要求的防热透波一体化材料,文章采用SiO_2作为添加剂,添加到多孔Si_3N_4复相陶瓷中,通过调控SiO_2的含量(质量占比),研究添加后材料的气孔率、孔径分布、物相组成、显微结构、力学性能及透波性能。结果表明,多孔Si_3N_4复相陶瓷的气孔率随着SiO_2含量的提高而降低,抗弯强度随着SiO_2的含量提高而上升,透波性能随着SiO_2含量的提高先上升后略微下降,说明SiO_2的添加,既促进了Si_3N_4的烧结,又在一定程度上提高了其介电性能。添加7.5 wt%的SiO_2到多孔BN/Si_3N_4复相陶瓷中可以获得较理想的防热透波综合性能。     

单向拉伸对PVDF薄膜结构和介电性能的影响

为提高PVDF的介电性能,文章研究拉伸温度和拉伸倍率等工艺参数对PVDF膜晶体结构和介电性能的影响。试验结果表明:单向拉伸能够提高PVDF的结晶度且最高达到80%;热拉伸时PVDF薄膜表面出现沿拉伸方向的伸长球晶及微条纹;当拉伸温度为80℃、拉伸倍率为4时,拉伸后的PVDF膜的介电常数增加40%,100 Hz时达到11.4,且此时介电损耗低至0.02。     

SiO2气凝胶隔热透波复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以三甲基氯硅烷为改性剂,经表面疏水改性处理和CO2超临界干燥,制备了莫来石纤维增强Si O2气凝胶隔热透波复合材料。并研究了气凝胶复合材料的疏水性能、力学性能、隔热性能及介电性能,结果表明:制备的莫来石纤维增强Si O2气凝胶复合材料具有良好的疏水性能、力学性能、隔热性能和介电性能,是一种性能良好的隔热透波一体化材料。     

轻型刚性陶瓷填充材料性能表征及其空间环境效应试验研究

轻型刚性陶瓷因其稳定的介电常数和良好的耐压性能,已经作为填充材料应用于航天器器件中。文章对介质陶瓷材料的结构、组织形貌、力学性能和微波介电性能开展了系统研究,探讨了结构的各向异性对力学性能和电性能的影响。重点对介质陶瓷的空间环境效应开展研究,试验结果发现其具有低的真空出气总质损和可凝挥发物含量,以及一定的空间总剂量辐照耐受能力。陶瓷经历湿热处理后,结构强度出现了一定程度的下降,分析发现是由陶瓷内部含有的少量B_2O_3黏结剂吸水生成硼酸导致。     

氟代烷氧基聚磷腈弹性体的合成及性能研究

通过聚二氯磷腈(PDCP)与2,2,2-三氟乙醇钠、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊醇钠(1∶1)和少量烯烃钠盐的亲核取代反应,制得可交联型的氟代烷氧基聚磷腈(e-PTOFP)。通过核磁共振(31P NMR,~1H NMR)测试,对其结构进行了表征。采用无转子硫化仪、氧指数实验(LOI)、垂直燃烧实验(UL-94)、烟密度测试仪和热失重(TGA)对氟代烷氧基聚磷腈弹性体的硫化性能、燃烧性能和热稳定性进行了分析。通过红外光谱(FTIR)对其热解残留物的结构进行了研究。结果表明,少量不饱和侧基的引入赋予了氟代烷氧基聚磷腈硫化性能,硫化后弹性体的氧指数为54.5,垂直燃烧等级为V-0,烟密度等级(SDR)为21.93,具有优异的阻燃性能、低烟性能和热稳性能,且其热降解的残留物主要是含P=O,N—H的磷氮化合物。可看出氟代烷氧基聚磷腈弹性体是潜在的综合性能优良的绝热层材料。     

热处理对超细晶稀土镁合金组织和性能的影响

镁合金作为目前工业应用中最轻的结构材料之一,在航空航天领域具有良好的应用前景。细晶镁合金因其优越的力学性能受到人们关注,但其热稳定性在一定程度上限制了其应用。为此,使用等通道角挤压(ECAP)对Mg-Y-Zn-Zr合金进行强烈塑性变形,得到超细晶镁合金,对其进行不同温度、不同时间条件下的退火处理,以进一步提高该合金的塑性,研究该合金在高温下的稳定性。对处理后的样品进行力学性能测试,显微结构观察,背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析。结果显示:在200～300℃下保温0.5 h,可以在保持变形合金强度的情况下提高合金塑性,且低温处理的合金内部基本没有出现再结晶现象。该合金热稳定性好,可作为轻量化材料应用到多种航空航天部件中。     

微重力下超导材料的试验研究

利用我国返回式卫星进行超导材料的空间加工实验,自1987年我们首次在世界上完成到现在已进行了五次,先后进行了 YBCO;BPSCCO;YICO Ag_2O;YBCO 薄膜等材料的空间热处理实验和重熔再结晶实验。文章总结报道了前四次搭载实验情况,(’93年搭载实验因卫星故障未能完成回收)。YBCO 和 BPSCCO 超导材料在空间微重力条件下加工试验表明:空间处理样品在超导电性上变化不大,零电阻温度和超导起始转变温度基本相同;但空间处理条件对样品的微观形貌,晶体内部结构,组份和相结构有较大影响,具体说空间微重力条件下处理的超导材料样品组份较地面样品分布均匀;晶粒生长较大且呈有序性;XRD 谱图分析表明空间样品具有较纯的超导相;空间真空环境对超导材料加工处理的主要影响表现为 YBCO 材料的失氧效应,所有这些特点对研究超导形成的机制和改善超导材料的地面处理工艺具有很大意义。     

多孔硅树脂/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的制备及其孔结构表征

采用甲基苯基硅树脂为树脂基体,嵌段共聚物聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚氧乙烯(PDMS-PEO)为模板剂,合成甲基苯基硅树脂/聚二甲基硅氧烷(MPS/PDMS)复合材料,并采用透射电镜(TEM)、氢核磁(1H NMR)和氮气吸附脱附等对所制备材料的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,所制备的MPS/PDMS复合材料具有有序的介孔结构,其BET比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为285 m2/g、0.21 cm3/g和24.2 nm。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

复杂受载条件下固体火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力的估计

论文简略介绍了静力轴压下园柱壳屈曲应力的工程计算方法,对某固体火箭发动机壳体的复杂受载条件对壳体屈曲应力的影响进行了分析,并对该火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力如何估计提出了建议。