从广告翻译实践看中英文化差异

文化差异在翻译实践活动中普遍存在.广告翻译不仅是语言的翻译,还包含着文化上的转换.因此,在翻译广告的时候,译者必须注意这些文化元素的影响,选用适当的翻译策略.同时,从这些广告翻译策略的运用中,读者也可透视到中英两种文化的差异.     

中国文化负载词的外宣翻译

全球化背景下,中国的地位和影响力越来越举世瞩目,中国的文化也自然引起了外国人的好奇心,外宣翻译成为中国文化走出去的一大桥梁。众多学者认为外宣译者在翻译中享有很大的自由,可以利用归化、编译及改译等策略来达到目的,但本文通过探析外宣翻译中的文化负载词及其翻译,提出异化+注释也不失为中国文化负载词外宣翻译的良策,因为如此既能保留中国原汁原味的特色文化,又能补偿文化背景的缺失;最后建议统一文化负载词和编纂此类汉英翻译词典。     

旅游目的地广告中的区域文化影响因素分析

旅游目的地广告是旅游业生存和发展的重要策略之一。旅游目的地广告自身发展规律和旅游者需求等决定了区域文化对其有重要影响。语言、宗教信仰等是区域文化影响旅游目的地广告活动的主要因素,在旅游目的地广告活动中要注意恰当地运用这些因素。     

浅析英汉翻译中的异化与归化法

异化与归化这两种翻译策略在近年来越来越受到学者们的重视。论文从跨文化的角度论述异化与归化的必要性及其在跨文化翻译活动中的作用和意义,阐明了运用异化与归化方法,不仅能使译文通畅,更给译文注入语言文化的内涵。     

英汉词语的文化内涵对比及其翻译法探究

语言是文化的载体，词汇是语言的核心，是承载文化信息，反映人类社会文化生活的工具。论文根据词语的指称意义和涵内意义，将承载了文化内涵的英汉词语分为对等词、半缺项词和缺项词，从三个方面对英汉词语的文化内涵进行了对比研究，并提出了在翻译中采取的翻译方法。     

英汉词语空缺与跨文化差异及翻译策略探究

语言是文化的载体,文化上的差异导致了英汉语言中的词汇空缺现象,词汇空缺现象反映了语言的民族性。在跨文化交际中,词汇空缺会给交际带来障碍,造成语用失误,甚至导致交际失败,论文就词语的空缺现象与跨文化差异中的翻译策略进行了一些探讨。     

大学英语翻译教学研究

大学英语教学的目的是培养学生听、说、读、写、译的综合能力，在这五种能力中，翻译是最难也是最高层次的技能，而现阶段非英语专业学生的翻译能力还很薄弱。教师可以通过应用课文段落翻译或以小组为单位的合作型翻译，比较和评论译文等活动方式，培养学生的创造性思维能力，促进学生翻译能力的提高。     

异化与归化策略下的翻译操作过程——以高职高专翻译教学为对象

论文将异化与归化翻译策略问题与翻译过程、关联原则、文本功能类型等近年较新的翻译理论研究成果相整合,针对高职高专教学实践层面,提出和讨论了异化与归化策略指导下的翻译操作过程及其在翻译教学中的应用。文章旨在为高职高专翻译教学实践提供一个新的手段和思路,推动翻译理论研究向可操作度高的翻译实践转化,从而提高高职高专翻译教学的成效。     

汉语中字母词探究

论文以现代汉语中的字母词为研究对象,首先介绍了其产生的原因及构成方式,提出了针对字母词翻译的几项原则和翻译策略,最后分析了字母词投入使用后的规范问题。     

英语新闻标题语言中的模因现象分析及其翻译对策

论文以模因论为理论框架，结合实例对英语新闻标题语言中的模因现象进行分析，继而提出了相应的翻译对策，即重复策略和类推策略，并对每一种翻译对策的特点作了详细的探讨，旨在呼吁新闻编译者有效利用新闻语言中的强势模因，对其进行模仿和创新，从而提升新闻的价值和传播效果。     

The role of cross-cultural factors in long-duration international space missions: lessons from the SFINCSS-99 study

The role of cross-cultural factors in long-duration international space missions was examined during an isolation study that simulated many of the conditions aboard the International Space Station. Methods: Interactions involving two heterogeneous crews and one homogeneous crew staying in isolation from 110 to 240 days were studied. Data consisted of post-isolation interviews with crewmembers, ground support personnel and management, observational data, and public statements by crewmembers. Data was analyzed using the techniques of linguistic anthropology and ethnography. Results: Sub-cultural (organizational and professional) differences played a larger role than national differences in causing misunderstandings in this study. Conversely, some misunderstandings and conflicts were escalated by participants falsely assuming cultural differences or similarities. Comparison between the two heterogeneous crews showed the importance of training, personality factors, and commander and language skills in preventing and alleviating cultural misunderstandings. Conclusion: The study revealed a number of ways that cultural differences, real as well as assumed, can play a role and interact with other, non-cultural, factors in causing and/or precipitating conflict situations. It is postulated that such difficulties can be avoided by selecting culturally adaptive crewmembers and by cross-cultural and language training. Also the crew composition and role of commander were found to be important in mitigating conflict situations.     

Influence of Map Design,Individual Differences,and Environmental Cues on Wayfinding Performance

This exploratory study investigated the effects of map design, individual differences, and environmental cues on wayfinding performance in an outdoor recreational area. Six maps, with three contour representations and two color codes, were used to determine how map design influences wayfinding. Four individual differences: gender, experience in map usage (experience vs. novice), handedness, and cultural difference (local vs. international), were used to predict wayfinding performance. The study area consisted of a trail park with ten junctions, where three of the junctions had signs, as environmental cues to aid users. Multiple regression analyses and logistic regression analysis were performed to predict the total time of completion, time for decision-making, accuracy of decision-making, and total time deviated from route. Results showed that only cultural difference and signage significantly predicted decisionmaking accuracy, and cultural difference was a significant predictor of total time deviated from route. Design implications for use of cues and wayfinding are discussed. In addition, recommendations for maps, trail networks, and environmental design are provided.     

中英色彩语言的诠释

本文运用比较的方法分析了中英两种语言中颜色词的异同，说明由于受历史传统、社会习俗，宗教信仰以及民族心理等因素的影响，不同的民族国家表示颜色的方法和用词不尽相同。了解并掌握这些颜色词及其受文化影响而形成的各种固定用法，对中西文化交流有一定实际意义。     

巧妙的“叛逆”——谈创造性叛逆之埃兹拉·庞德的翻译观

本文并着重借鉴文化学派翻译观中Even—Zohar的多元系统理论以及Lefever。的操纵理论,对创造性叛逆现象的突出代表——庞德的翻译加以初步分析。认为庞德的“翻译”是一种创造性翻译。通过将庞德的译介活动置于其社会文化之大系统中,从而认识到庞德误译的历史必然性和合理性。期待为重新认识与研究庞德的翻译活动提供新的视角,并对文学翻译的理论和实践的探索有所裨益。     

弹道目标中段平动补偿与微多普勒提取

弹道目标高速平动会使微多普勒产生平移、倾斜和折叠,必须进行补偿处理。针对弹道目标中段平动补偿问题,本文提出了一种基于多普勒极值点信息的平动参数提取和平动补偿方法。通过将平动近似为多项式描述,将微动等效为锥旋运动,推导了瞬时多普勒极值点与多项式参数和微动参数的关系。在此基础上,利用最小二乘参数辨识方法估计了平动参数,实现了平动补偿和微多普勒的高精度实时提取。仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Cross-cultural issues in space operations: A survey study among ground personnel of the European Space Agency

Today's space operations involve co-working of people with different ethnical, professional and organisational backgrounds. The aim of this study was to examine the implications of cultural diversity for efficient collaboration within the European Space Agency (ESA), and between ESA employees and representatives from other agencies. ESA employees from European countries (N=576) answered to the CULT Ground Survey. The results showed that differences in relation to leadership and decision making were the most important issues thought to interfere with efficient co-working within ESA, and between ESA employees and colleagues from other agencies. Employees who collaborated with more than three nationalities within ESA indicated most challenges in co-working due to differences in compliance, behavioural norms and competitiveness. Challenges in co-working differed between agencies, and these differences were consistent with value differences in the national populations. The results may have applied value for training of European employees working in international space program teams.     

Cross-cultural issues in space operations: A survey study among ground personnel of the European Space Agency

Today's space operations involve co-working of people with different ethnical, professional and organisational backgrounds. The aim of this study was to examine the implications of cultural diversity for efficient collaboration within the European Space Agency (ESA), and between ESA employees and representatives from other agencies. ESA employees from European countries (N=576) answered to the CULT Ground Survey. The results showed that differences in relation to leadership and decision making were the most important issues thought to interfere with efficient co-working within ESA, and between ESA employees and colleagues from other agencies. Employees who collaborated with more than three nationalities within ESA indicated most challenges in co-working due to differences in compliance, behavioural norms and competitiveness. Challenges in co-working differed between agencies, and these differences were consistent with value differences in the national populations. The results may have applied value for training of European employees working in international space program teams.     

定语从句汉译技巧

在英语中，定语从句很常见，有的结构比较简单，有的结构相当复杂；有的与先行词关系密切(限制性)，有的与先行词关系不甚密切(非限制性)；有的定语从句还具有原因、结果、让步、目的、条件、假设等意义。英语的定语从句种类较多，翻译时有较大的灵活性，可根据其结构和含义采用不同的译法。本文试图用各种方法通过实例对定语从句的汉译技巧做一探讨，并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念，即定语从句定语化，定语从句谓语化，定语从句状语化。     

从"目的论"来看翻译标准

论文通过大量的实例分析目的论的科学性和可操作性，认为翻译标准不是一元的，而是多元。     

Psychosocial issues affecting crews during long-duration international space missions

Psychosocial issues can negatively impact on crew performance and morale during long-duration international space missions. Major psychosocial factors that have been described in anecdotal reports from space and in studies from analog situations on Earth include: 1) crew heterogeneity due to gender differences, cultural issues, and work experiences and motivations; 2) language and dialect variations; and 3) task versus supportive leadership roles. All of these factors can lead to negative sequelae, such as intra-crew tension and cohesion disruptions. Specific sequelae that can result from single factors include subgrouping and scapegoating due to crew heterogeneity; miscommunication due to major or subtle language differences; and role confusion, competition, and status leveling due to inappropriate leadership role definition. It is time to conduct research exploring the impact of these psychosocial factors and their sequelae on space crews during actual long-duration international space missions.