TC4激光拼焊板超塑成形试验研究

利用2kW YAG激光机,拼焊了厚度0.93mm细晶Ti6Al4V(TC4)板材,焊缝强度高于母材。焊接熔池区未出现裂纹或大的气孔,焊缝热影响区宽度约为0.3～0.4mm。在温度880℃和应变速率10-3s-1下,模拟分析了TC4激光拼焊板超塑成形过程,获得了压力时间加载曲线。对比研究了TC4激光拼焊板和其母材的超塑成形极限,结果表明:TC4激光拼焊板与TC4母材超塑成形性能无明显差别。微观组织观测显示:随着超塑变形量增大,激光拼焊过程中产生的针状α′马氏体,先转变为板条状马氏体,再因动态再结晶而破碎,同时α+β组织分数逐渐增多。     

SLM成形Inconel 718合金的组织性能调控研究

针对Inconel 718合金零部件传统制造技术中存在的制造极限问题,基于材料合金显微组织与力学性能之间的相关性等内容,开展激光选区熔化(SLM)成形Inconel 718合金性能的研究,建立了适用于SLM成形Inconel718合金的热处理制度,提高了该合金的室温与高温力学性能。考虑到SLM成形Inconel 718合金组织内部晶粒极其细小、内应力积累较大,传统的热处理制度不再适合新技术成形的零部件,根据基体中二次相的析出温度区间,对该合金的传统后热处理制度进行改进。力学性能测试结果证明:项目组提出的均匀化热处理+固溶处理+双时效的热处理制度能有效改善SLM成形Inconel 718合金的显微组织和综合力学性能,并满足锻件的使用要求。     

K42O2高温合金激光选区熔化成形微观组织研究

为了实现激光选区熔化成形(SLM)这项新工艺在液体火箭发动机高温合金结构上的推广应用,明晰其强化机理以及研究相应的热处理制度,对激光选区熔化快速凝固条件下组织形成及演化规律、第二相析出特点进行了分析和讨论.采用SLM成形K4202镍基高温合金试样,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等理化分析手段,将基于ANSYS生死单元技术的温度场数值模拟结果和经典凝固理论相结合,揭示了其组织特征及演化规律:沉积态表现为外延生长柱状晶,层间可见层带组织,顶部出现转向枝晶和二次枝晶臂,γ'强化相和碳化物的析出受到抑制.     

K4202高温合金激光选区熔化成形微观组织研究

为了实现激光选区熔化成形(SLM)这项新工艺在液体火箭发动机高温合金结构上的推广应用,明晰其强化机理以及研究相应的热处理制度,对激光选区熔化快速凝固条件下组织形成及演化规律、第二相析出特点进行了分析和讨论。采用SLM成形K4202镍基高温合金试样,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等理化分析手段,将基于ANSYS生死单元技术的温度场数值模拟结果和经典凝固理论相结合,揭示了其组织特征及演化规律:沉积态表现为外延生长柱状晶,层间可见层带组织,顶部出现转向枝晶和二次枝晶臂,γ'强化相和碳化物的析出受到抑制。     

激光焊接TC4钛合金组织性能研究

研究激光焊接对TC4钛合金焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,并利用OM、XRD和TEM等手段对焊接接头的显微组织特征进行了分析。结果表明,激光焊接TC4钛合金成形较好,但在焊缝熔合线附近容易产生圆形气孔。焊缝由单一的α′马氏体构成,并呈网篮状分布。热影响区组织为α′马氏体和初始α相。焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度明显高于母材,而焊缝的硬度最高且硬度分布平缓。TC4钛合金焊接接头的室温平均抗拉强度为1126MPa,与母材的抗拉强度相当,延伸率为11.12%,比母材略低,焊接接头均断在母材区域。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢中形变诱发α′马氏体相的组织特征

论文通过对 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢试件在 - 70℃下进行低温拉伸 ,制备出具有不同形变 ,诱发α′马氏体相 (铁磁相 )含量的试样 ,进行了XRD和TEM研究其相结构。     

Ti60钛合金电子束焊接接头性能及组织

采用ELA-30中压型电子束焊机对Ti60钛合金进行焊接,并对其接头显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:Ti60钛合金可焊性良好,选择合适的工艺参数能达到优质的接头;其焊缝显微组织主要为针状细小的α’马氏体及片状的初生α组织,母材显微组织为等轴组织初生α+片层β转变组织;其接头断裂的断口面主要表现为韧性断裂;焊缝区域的显微硬度稍高于基体;室温抗拉强度达到母材的95.7%,冲击韧度达到母材的64%;600℃下接头抗拉强度达到母材的91.7%。     

保温时间对Ti-28Ni钎料钎焊连接Ti60/高铌TiAl合金接头的影响研究

在钎焊温度1 080℃、保温时间0~15min条件下,用Ti-28Ni钎料对Ti60与高铌TiAl合金钎焊连接进行了研究。用SEM,EDS等方法对接头微观组织进行分析,并研究了保温时间对接头连接界面微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:获得的接头无气孔和热裂纹,接头的典型界面结构为Ti60/α+(α+β)/Ti_2Ni+(α+B2)/α+Ti_3Al/Ti_3Al/B2/高铌TiAl合金;当保温时间较短时,断裂发生在钎缝处,钎缝区含大量Ti_2Ni相,随着保温时间的延长,Ti_2Ni相逐渐消失,α+Ti_3Al网状区面积不断增大且向Ti60合金侧偏移,保温时间过长时,接头断裂位置由钎缝区向高铌TiAl合金母材侧偏移,断裂形式为脆性断裂。保温时间10min时,接头平均剪切强度达到最大值139 MPa。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金激光弯曲成形微观组织研究

以1mm厚Ti-6Al-4V合金薄板为对象,运用光学金相显微镜、电子探针、扫描电子显微镜、氮氢氧联合分析仪、显微维氏硬度计,研究了特定累积线能量下90°弯曲角弯折区显微组织。结果表明,弯折区组织与累积线能量输入有关,当累积线能量在适当范围时,材料堆积增厚,极表层出现轻微复熔铸态组织,上层为板条马氏体α′,中层为针状马氏体α′,底层为长大粗化的(α+β)组织;距表层约0.2mm范围吸收间隙元素强烈致使硬度急剧提高并呈明显梯度;累积线能量输入过大,弯折区出现大面积复熔铸态组织并伴有裂纹产生。     

提高CrWMn钢强韧性的研究

CrWMn钢是应用最为广泛的合金工具钢之一,经常规淬火和低温回火后硬度虽高达HRC62以上,但脆性较大,严重影响工模具质量、可靠性和寿命。经研究采用复合淬火工艺,即将工件于830℃加热油淬至160～200℃,使过冷奥氏部份转变为马氏体,再立即移入240℃浴槽恒温4～8h,使其余的过冷奥氏体转变为下贝氏体,获得M B下(10～20％)的复相组织,先形成的马氏体分割了过冷奥氏体晶粒,细化了奥氏体有效晶粒尺寸和随后转变产物的亚结构单元尺寸,减小了解理裂纹的平均自由行程或单位裂纹长度,还细化随后形成的贝氏体中的碳化物而显著地改善韧性。此外,贝氏体对裂纹有钝化和阻碍作用,抑制裂纹的扩展。从而使国产CrWMn钢旋刀的损耗比进口同类型刀具低6％。     

从汉译英的赘冗和疏漏问题看汉英语法特征之差异——汉语语法的柔性之于英语语法的刚性

本文从汉译英的翻译实践出发，从英语译文的错误以及汉英译文对比中，去发现并分析汉语和英语语法特征的差异。论述了英语语法的刚性、显性和汉语语法的柔性、隐性，并从语言对思维的影响的角度，探讨了汉语语言文化的深邃独特和英语语言的缜密精确。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

基于多反馈延迟技术的雷达杂波模拟器实现

提出采用多反馈延迟的改进卷积处理技术实现雷达杂波模拟,克服了单反馈延迟输出杂波数据周期重复的缺点,使杂波数据在整个I周期内不重复,带来的好处是杂波逼真度高.采用大容量动态存储技术实现数据存储电路的设计,优点是方便快捷地为卷积器提供数据.     

Z1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢法兰的铸造工艺研究

本文介绍了一种Z1Cr18Ni9Ti零件的制造方法，即用铸造方法。这种方法可以节省材料，提高效率，降低成本，并在此基础上探讨了有效的熔炼和铸造工艺。     

Ricardo Dyrgalla (1910–1970), pioneer of rocket development in Argentina

One of the most important developers of liquid propellant rocket engines in Argentina was Polish-born Ricardo Dyrgalla. Dyrgalla immigrated to Argentina from the United Kingdom in 1946, where he had been studying German weapons development at the end of the Second World War. A trained pilot and aeronautical engineer, he understood the intricacies of rocket propulsion and was eager to find practical applications to his recently gained knowledge.Dyrgalla arrived in Argentina during Juan Perón's first presidency, a time when technicians from all over Europe were being recruited to work in various projects for the recently created Argentine Air Force.Shortly after immigrating, Dyrgalla proposed to develop an advanced air-launched weapon, the Tábano, based on a rocket engine of his design, the AN-1. After a successful development program, the Tábano was tested between 1949 and 1951; however, the project was canceled by the government shortly after. Today, the AN-1 rocket engine is recognized as the first liquid propellant rocket to be developed in South America. Besides the AN-1, Dyrgalla also developed several other rockets systems in Argentina, including the PROSON, a solid-propellant rocket launcher developed by the Argentine Institute of Science and Technology for the Armed Forces (CITEFA). In the late 1960s, Dyrgalla and his family relocated to Brazil due mostly to the lack of continuation of rocket development in Argentina. There, he worked for the Institute of Aerospace Technology (ITA) until his untimely death in 1970. Ricardo Dyrgalla deserves to be recognized among the world's rocket pioneers and his contribution to the science and engineering of rocketry deserves a special place in the history of South America's rocketry and space flight advocacy programs.     

Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant Within an Orthotropic Shell

The strain–stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPREs) is simulated under impact. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of orthotropic organoplastic shell material on the strain–stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal and oblique impact of single steel cylinder projectiles, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are investigated in this study. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional formulation by the method of finite elements for the continuous approach of the mechanics of a deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by the tensor-polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.     

ADAMS和ANSYS在机构分析中的应用(英文)

针对ANSYS软件适合线性/非线性应力、应变分析,不适合机械系统运动/动力学分析,而ADAMS软件适合机械系统运动/动力学分析,不适合有限元分析的特点,介绍了将ANSYS和ADAMS两种软件结合起来对机械结构进行动力学分析及应力、变形分析的方法,通过实例证明此方法可行。     

测控技术标准体系浅析

在新版《军用标准体系表》中,测控技术标准作为24项共用技术之一被单独列项,为测控技术标准体系建设提供了良好机遇。在扼要介绍新版《测控技术标准体系》的基础上,对新版《测控技术标准体系》的构建思路、技术特点进行了简要分析。     

涨落、协同、竞争及启示

运动的破缺产生差异，导致涨落，造成对系统原有方向、轨道的偏离，致使事物发展与进化，由此带来一系列富有生机和活力的启示。作为系统内在机制的协同与竞争，也深深地楔人了我们的生活。     

航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩机械设计的发展与展望

从可展开薄膜遮光罩的几何构型、展开驱动技术、薄膜折痕设计和薄膜褶皱动力学分析四个方面论述了航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩机械设计的发展现状和特点，在分析比较的基础上对可展开薄膜遮光罩机械设计的发展趋势进行了展望，旨在为航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩的创新发展提供参考。