航天器在轨释放安全性分析与仿真研究

针对航天器舱内在轨释放任务,文章建立了大型航天器与伴随卫星的动力学模型和运动学模型,并分析了影响释放安全性的主要因素;从保证航天器在轨安全的角度,得到描述释放安全性的最小相对距离计算方法,并利用ADAMS软件对航天器在轨释放过程进行了仿真研究。     

太阳翼电爆释放冲击载荷的仿真分析和试验验证

国内航天器太阳翼的压紧释放装置绝大多数使用火工切割器作为释放的动力源,当火工切割器起爆时,会产生很大的高频冲击载荷,对压紧点附近的设备造成很大的影响。为此,文章以国内典型航天器太阳翼压紧杆式压紧释放装置为研究对象,对其冲击载荷进行分析,提出了一种仿真基础模型,通过评估火工切割器的起爆能量,避开较难分析的冲击源起爆过程,得到各个测点的冲击载荷。冲击载荷的仿真结果与试验结果进行比较,验证了仿真基础模型的有效性,并提出重点考虑火工切割器安装螺钉的建模,从而对基础模型加以修正。     

在轨模块更换任务动力学与控制仿真系统

航天器在轨模块更换任务的总体仿真是对总体方案进行系统性分析和论证的重要手段。文章基于天基平台在轨模块更换技术的研究,搭建了在轨模块更换仿真演示验证系统,介绍了仿真系统总体架构,建立了包括空间环境、轨道、动力学、控制、电源、测控等各分系统在内的仿真系统。重点对交会对接、在轨模块更换过程涉及的航天器平台及机械臂的动力学特性...     

伞包拉出过程仿真及载荷影响分析

航天器回收着陆过程中依靠减速伞将主降落伞伞包从伞舱中拉出是主降落伞顺利工作的第一步,也是航天器能否安全着陆至关重要的一步。释放减速伞后是通过作用在减速伞伞带及主降落伞伞包拖带上的拉力将主降落伞伞包从主伞舱中拉出的,在释放减速伞拉主降落伞伞包过程中将产生一个很大的载荷作用在减速伞伞带及主降落伞伞包拖带上。文章基于牛顿力学,通过建立释放减速伞后拉主降落伞伞包过程的动力学模型,计算出释放减速伞拉主降落伞伞包过程减速伞伞绳、吊带及主伞包拖带的拉力随时间的变化情况。通过仿真结果分析及与高塔投放试验结果比对,证明了仿真模型的符合性,并在此基础上研究了减速伞自由行程、释放减速伞时下落速度、伞带长度、伞带断裂强力、主伞包质量、减速伞尺寸等因素对伞带载荷的影响程度,根据影响分析结果得出可以通过减小减速伞自由行程、减小释放减速伞时速度、增加伞绳长度、减小伞带总断裂强力、减小主伞包质量、减小主伞包尺寸等设计方法来减小伞带载荷。文章的仿真结果可以为降落伞设计提供参考。     

嫦娥三号巡视器-着陆器释放分离过程关键力学问题分析

针对嫦娥三号探测器两器释放分离过程几个关键力学问题，给出两器释放分离过程的主要风险点与影响参数，应用ADAMS建立两器释放分离全过程仿真模型，开展了全过程动力学仿真与相关试验。分析得到可适应安全释放分离要求的着陆器最大着陆姿态边界与关键性能参数，为两器释放分离提供了理论支撑与依据。     

考虑柔性多体特征的复杂航天器分离动力学仿真分析

为了考察柔性多体特征对航天器分离姿态的影响,提出同时考虑太阳翼和分离舱的柔性,采用分离动力学及刚柔耦合动力学分析方法,建立航天器柔性多体动力学模型,通过航天器柔性多体分离动力学分析,解决了太阳翼和分离舱柔性特征对航天器分离姿态的影响问题,利用优化分析方法对航天器分离多参数影响进行了优化分析,得出了航天器分离姿态的极限情况,分析结果为弹簧分离机构的优化设计和分离安全性设计提供了理论参考,同时对空间站、载人航天、探月工程等国家重大项目的开展奠定了基础。     

Stewart平台动力学建模及鲁棒主动隔振控制

未来复杂航天器低频模态密集,其敏感载荷要求很高的指向精度和稳定度,只对航天器本体姿态控制很难满足要求.本文采用Stewart超静平台对敏感载荷进行6自由度主动隔振,建立了非线性动力学模型,并根据线性模型设计了多变量鲁棒控制器,采用DK迭代算法求解.频域分析可得Stewart平台对3～800Hz的扰动主动隔振大于25dB,仿真证明Stewart平台对10Hz谐波扰动隔振性能优于40dB,对白噪声随机扰动隔振性能优于30dB,有效抑制了微小扰动,起到了6自由度超静隔振平台作用.     

考虑尾流影响的降落伞弹射拉直过程研究

降落伞的弹射拉直是其工作的第一个也是至关重要的一个环节。航天器在超声速状态下的尾流性质也非常复杂,因此,如何考虑前体航天器尾流对降落伞弹射拉直过程的影响是一个值得研究的问题。文章首先采用CFD方法计算出航天器的超声速尾流数据,然后建立降落伞弹射拉直过程的动力学模型。由于降落伞的拉直过程持续时间很短,故在研究过程中将连续尾流离散化为不同时刻的尾流,仅考虑尾流气动力对降落伞弹射拉直过程的影响。具体方法是将弹射拉直时刻计算的航天器尾流区速度场叠加于弹射分离降落伞伞包的空速上,计算考虑航天器尾流影响的伞包气动力,然后通过动力学仿真研究航天器尾流对降落伞弹射拉直过程的影响,重点研究了对伞包运动稳定性的影响。利用该方法对典型工况超声速尾流影响下的降落伞弹射分离过程进行了动力学分析,重点分析了尾流对伞包的运动轨迹和姿态的影响,研究方法和结论对稳定伞弹射拉直过程的验证评估具有重要的参考价值。     

基于HLA的载人航天器飞行任务仿真平台研究与实现

面向载人航天器飞行任务仿真需求,根据载人航天器的特点以及高层体系结构(HLA)技术,提出了基于高层体系结构的载人航天器飞行任务仿真平台方案,设计实现了由运行管理、飞行指令、数据记录、数据可视化等功能,以及涵盖轨道、姿态、能源、动力学等多个专业仿真模型组成的仿真平台,给出了应用实例,并就仿真平台开发中的联邦开发过程、仿真模型接口软件、飞行场景三维可视化等关键部分进行了探讨。与单一的飞行任务仿真软件相比,该分布式仿真平台覆盖的专业面更全,验证内容更丰富,可扩展性更强。随着载人航天器系统飞行任务复杂程度的提高,通过对仿真平台的扩展和重用,可适应新的任务验证需求。该仿真平台可为复杂载人航天器的飞行任务设计验证提供依据,并对基于HLA的其他航天器仿真系统的联邦设计与开发具有一定的参考价值。     

航天器火工分离螺母的火工冲击环境数值仿真研究

为了研究航天器分离时火工分离螺母产生的火工冲击环境特性,了解火工冲击载荷的机制和特点,直观观测应力波在结构材料中的传播过程,使用LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序模拟了火工分离螺母的动态分离过程,给出了典型响应及输出载荷,并通过火工分离螺母-结构一体化仿真得到了星箭界面载荷,为航天器火工冲击环境防护设计提供更加真实的输入条件。     

多格式载荷数据处理与管理平台的设计和实现

为了解决现有航天器载荷数据处理软件灵活度差、处理效率低的问题,设计了一种基于多级解包预处理策略以及并行处理调度算法的多格式载荷数据处理与管理平台。通过在某卫星的载荷试验数据处理与存储管理任务中的应用,验证了该平台设计的可行性和有效性。研究结果可为航天器多种格式的载荷数据并行处理与统一管理提供参考。     

Design feasibility via ascent optimality for next-generation spacecraft

This paper deals with the optimization of the ascent trajectories for single-stage-sub-orbit (SSSO), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), and two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) rocket-powered spacecraft. The maximum payload weight problem is studied for different values of the engine specific impulse and spacecraft structural factor.The main conclusions are that: feasibility of SSSO spacecraft is guaranteed for all the parameter combinations considered; feasibility of SSTO spacecraft depends strongly on the parameter combination chosen; not only feasibility of TSTO spacecraft is guaranteed for all the parameter combinations considered, but the TSTO payload is several times the SSTO payload.Improvements in engine specific impulse and spacecraft structural factor are desirable and crucial for SSTO feasibility; indeed, aerodynamic improvements do not yield significant improvements in payload.For SSSO, SSTO, and TSTO spacecraft, simple engineering approximations are developed connecting the maximum payload weight to the engine specific impulse and spacecraft structural factor. With reference to the specific impulse/structural factor domain, these engineering approximations lead to the construction of zero-payload lines separating the feasibility region (positive payload) from the unfeasibility region (negative payload).     

载人飞船有效载荷搭载技术及试验验证

载人飞船飞行任务中搭载的有效载荷设备质量、体积大并且安装要求苛刻,而返回舱内空间狭小且舱内环境复杂。针对这个问题,文章提出了通过改装返回舱座椅作为有效载荷搭载安放的方案。经过试验验证表明,该方案对飞船的影响很小,并且满足有效载荷设备搭载要求。     

印度第二代遥感卫星

IRS-1C/1D是印度空间研究组织研制的印度第二代遥感卫星,与第一代遥感卫星比较,不仅分辨率有所提高,而且还增加了遥感成像仪种类和扩大了光谱段。IRS-1C/1D卫星质量约为1250kg,它们携带的全色成像仪、多光谱成像仪和宽视场成像仪的分辨率分别可达到6m、23.6m和188m。文中对这种卫星的平台和有效载荷结构作了简要介绍。     

Intelsat's next generation satellite for the Americas

In order to meet the growing demand for high performance C- and Ku-Band services in the Americas, INTELSAT contracted with Astrium in February 2000 to procure a high capacity communications spacecraft for its 310°E operational location. The spacecraft platform is based on Astrium's next generation platform, the Eurostar 3000. Several new technologies such as integrated Data Handling System, Plasma Propulsion System, etc. are integral features of this platform. The communication payload comprises 36 C-Band and 20 high power Ku-Band transponders. The beam coverages are tailored for the 310°E orbital location and are implemented using a hybrid shaped antenna design approach, where multiple C-Band coverages are generated from a single shaped reflector utilizing a pair of Tx/Rx feed horns for each coverage. The Ku-Band coverages are generated by the classical dual Gregorian shaped reflector antenna design approach. With a total dry mass on the order of 2650 kg and a separated launch mass of 5400 kg, the spacecraft is compatible with most of the available launch vehicles providing mission life of greater than 13 years. The paper will provide technical details of the spacecraft.     

Concept study on Deep Space Orbit Transfer Vehicle

In this paper, the concept of Orbit Transfer Vehicle for Deep Space Exploration (Deep Space OTV) is proposed, and its effectiveness and feasibility are discussed. Basic concept is the separation of two functions required for the deep space exploration, the transportation to the destination, and the exploration at the destination. Deep Space OTV is a spacecraft specialized for the transportation to the deep space destination. It is an expendable spacecraft propelled by solar electric propulsion. The payload of Deep Space OTV is Explorer, which is a spacecraft specialized for the exploration at the deep space destination. The effectiveness of the concept is discussed qualitatively, focused on the merits of the separations of two functions. The feasibility of Deep Space OTV is discussed based on the conceptual design of the spacecraft and its applicability to deep space missions. Several deep space missions are modeled and the payload capacity of Deep Space OTV is estimated. The missions include Asteroid rendezvous, Mars orbiter, Lunar lander, and so on.     

Concept study on Deep Space Orbit Transfer Vehicle

In this paper, the concept of Orbit Transfer Vehicle for Deep Space Exploration (Deep Space OTV) is proposed, and its effectiveness and feasibility are discussed. Basic concept is the separation of two functions required for the deep space exploration, the transportation to the destination, and the exploration at the destination. Deep Space OTV is a spacecraft specialized for the transportation to the deep space destination. It is an expendable spacecraft propelled by solar electric propulsion. The payload of Deep Space OTV is Explorer, which is a spacecraft specialized for the exploration at the deep space destination. The effectiveness of the concept is discussed qualitatively, focused on the merits of the separations of two functions. The feasibility of Deep Space OTV is discussed based on the conceptual design of the spacecraft and its applicability to deep space missions. Several deep space missions are modeled and the payload capacity of Deep Space OTV is estimated. The missions include Asteroid rendezvous, Mars orbiter, Lunar lander, and so on.     

Using the PROGRESS transport spacecraft in structure of the International Space Station for realization of scientific experiments under microgravity conditions

The problem is considered of using the PROGRESS transport spacecraft, which will deliver the payload on the ISS, as a free flying platform for realization of space experiments. For maintenance of the ISS 5-6 PROGRESS flights per year are planned. Usually after delivery of the payload the PROGRESS undocks from the ISS and burns down in the Earth atmosphere. However, the operating conditions of its onboard systems allow to prolong operation and to make free flight near to the station and repeatedly to be docked to it. It is offered to use this possibility for performing experiments on Material Science.     

含金属相变材料温控组件的研究

研究使用一种含有金属相变材料（Phase Change material,PCM）的温控组件（Thermal Control Component,TCC）对航天器上的有效载荷进行温度控制。通过对载荷的温控需求分析,设计并制备了以Ga-Sn合金为PCM的TCC,并通过地面模拟实验对TCC的温控性能进行测试。实验结果表明这种含有Ga-Sn合金的TCC满足载荷的温控需求。最后在仿真软件中建立了TCC的相变传热仿真模型用于预测TCC的温控性能。结果表明：仿真模型计算所得结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于预测TCC的温控性能。     

Small spacecraft “UNISAT” launched by the “start-1” launcher

The preliminary estimations show that the contemporary level of electronic and information engineering makes it possible to create a small s/c of 150–200 kg mass capable to solve both the problems of Earth remote sensing and many other applied and scientific problems orbiting the planets at 500–1000 km. In accordance with the fundamental criterion for choosing parameters of small multipurpose spacecraft the small UNISAT s/c has been created on the basis of a unified space platform. The design provides for s/c energetic, thermal and space-saving parameters satisfying the conditions for accommodation of various-purpose payload and a possibility of using relatively inexpensive and light launchers like “Start-1” mobile launch complexes. Space platform mass is 100–120 kg; permissible payloads (PL) mass is 40–80 kg; maximal average power consumption of the payload is up to 60 W; three-axes orientation accuracy up to 0.001 deg./s; s/c lifetime is not less than 3–5 years.