扇形波束圆锥扫描微波散射计方位多普勒滤波分辨率分析

星载微波散射计可以提供全球、全天候的海面风场数据,是能够同时测量海面风速和风向的有源微波遥感系统。扇形波束圆锥扫描体制微波散射计是一种新型体制的微波散射计,这类散射计采用多普勒滤波来提高方位分辨率。文章首先介绍了扇形波束圆锥扫描微波散射计的基本概念,在此基础上分析了天线圆锥扫描速度的范围及其对驻留时间的影响;随后结合卫星轨道参数和地球椭球模型,仿真分析了天线扫描区域内的多普勒特性,根据系统参数,仿真分析了方位多普勒滤波后的分辨率。     

基于定标站的旋转扫描扇形波束散射计在轨定标方法

RFSCAT具有较宽刈幅并能够对同一个风单元提供较多的方位角和入射角观测组合,提高风场反演精度。为了达到设计的风场反演精度,必须对散射计进行在轨外定标。该文基于中法海洋卫星（Chinese French Oceanography Satellite, CFOSAT）雷达散射计的系统参数,给出了一种利用地面定标站(Calibration Ground Station,CGS)对RFSCAT进行在轨外定标的定标方法,并利用仿真数据进行验证。该方法能够达到0.01°的姿态角估计精度和0.1〖KG*9〗dB天线方向图估计精度,实现对RFSCAT天线方向图在轨监测和验证。     

双波段扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计系统设计

星载微波散射计是目前唯一能够同时全天候、全天时、高精度、高分辨率和短周期测量海洋表面风场矢量的有源微波遥感器,这一能力已在美国Seasat-1[1]、欧空局ERS-1/2[1]、日本ADEOS-1/2[1]、中国HY-2等卫星装载的微波散射计上得到了充分的证明。双波段、扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计是一种具有国际先进水平的星载微波散射计,具有测风范围大、测量精度高的优点。文章简要分析了该微波散射计的工作原理、总体方案设计、关键技术、及初步性能评估等。     

圆锥扫描线性调频连续波雷达角度信息提取法

圆锥扫描线性调频连续波是一种简单易行的高分辨雷达体制。分析了圆锥扫描与线性调频连续波的兼容性,讨论了两者之间的相互影响,提出了基于散射点高分辨距离像的频域测角方法,并详细推导了具体的公式。仿真结果表明,该方法在通常的末制导雷达回波信噪比条件下具有较高的精度和可实现性。     

利用定标站对旋转扫描扇形波束散射计的信号频率估计

该文基于中法海洋卫星(Chinese-French Oceanic Satellite,CFOSAT)雷达散射计系统参数,给出了可行的在轨Doppler预补偿方法并利用地面定标站实现对RFSCAT信号频率的估计.对比了3种信号频率估计方法,通过仿真分析表明,可达到优于0.05kHz的频率估计精度.仿真结果表明,通过把估计的频率与Doppler预补偿查找表和Doppler频率进行比较,可实现对RFSCAT在轨Doppler预补偿状态及生命周期内的载频漂移监测.     

一种反射面波束扫描角度快速估算方法

针对现有反射面天线设计中，因馈源横向偏焦而引起波束扫描角度变化的一般现象及扫描角度估算过程，首先，采用归一化及逆推思想，并结合理论分析提出了一种快速估算焦径比约为0.8的正馈反射面馈源横向偏焦波束扫描角度的方法；其次，在此基础上，利用归一化的思想将这一方法推广到任意焦径比下正馈反射面天线波束扫描角度估算；最后，利用GRASP10.0仿真对比分析验证了该估算方法的正确性及精度。该方法为馈源横向偏焦的正馈反射面天线波束指向角度快速估算提供了一种新的途径。     

阵列天线波束对透波罩功率传输系数[JZ]的影响分析

为了分析相控阵天线波束展宽后对透波罩透波性能的影响，采用介质平板作为研究对象，分别针对机械扫描天线和平面相控阵天线开展透过介质平板的远场方向图仿真，获取两种天线下介质平板的功率传输系数，分析天线扫描角、波束入射角对功率传输系数的影响。结果表明，天线在一定波束宽度下，机械扫描天线平板功率传输系数与波束宽度无关，平面相控阵天线平板功率传输系数在小入射角下与波束宽度关系不大，在大入射角下，功率传输系数随着入射角的增大而迅速降低，且无法通过优化厚度改善。     

红外点源制导干扰的信号分析

基于信号分析深入细致地研究了红外点源制导的干扰机理，从红外干扰机和红外诱饵这两种主要干扰方式分别分析了对“中心零”系统和圆锥扫描系统（红外点源制导的两种基本跟踪系统）的干扰，并讨论了干扰参数和效能。     

基于四阶累积量的来波信号频率和二维角估计

本文提出了一种基于四阶累积量的来波信号频率、方位角和仰角三维参数估计的算法。该算法采用无方向模糊的无效均匀圆阵（阵元数大于６）和阵元延时，实现高斯白或色噪声环境下非高期信源的参数估计，且三维参数可自动配对；在空间欠采样条件下，使用整数搜索法实现方位角和仰角无模糊估计。仿真实验表明了算法的有效性。     

频率扫描技术应用于防空雷达

远程防空雷达可采用各种技术来达到三维覆盖,这些技术包括:发射采用扇形波束来覆盖整个仰角范围;接收使用多个笔形波束;在仰角方向上,使用单个笔形波束来作步进扫描;上述两者的结合.另一种技术是运用扫描频率发射脉冲和频率敏感天线,在发射脉冲期间用笔形波束在仰角方向上连续扫描,测出回波脉冲频率就可获得目标的仰角数据.这种频率扫描技术已经成功地应用于普莱赛公司的AR三维     

星载极化散射计系统设计研究

文章介绍了星载极化散射计的研究背景、意义、概念及特点,在此基础上,讨论了系统设计时的系统体制、极化方式、隔离度等问题,提出了一种星载极化散射计系统设计的初步方案构想。     

星载大型旋转部件的热平衡试验方法

星载大型旋转部件因其构型复杂和相对星体其他部分转动的特性,给热设计的验证带来诸多难题。文章以“海洋二号”卫星的微波散射计为例,分别采用通过地面试验直接获取在轨预示温度的直接验证方法,以及验证热分析模型、再由热分析模型预示在轨温度的间接验证方法进行热平衡试验。通过对试验结果、热分析结果和在轨飞行结果的对比,验证了这2种试验方法正确、有效。     

On dynamics of a plasma ring rotating in the magnetic field of a central body: Magneto-gyroscopic waves. Problems of stability and quantization

Based on a mathematical model described in [1], some new aspects of the dynamics of a thin planar plasma ring rotating in the magnetic field of a central body are considered. The dipole field is considered assuming that the dipole has a small eccentricity, and the dipole axis is inclined at a small angle to the central body’s axis of rotation. Emphasis is placed on the problem of stability of the ring’s stationary rotation. Unlike [1], the disturbed motion is considered which has a character of eddy magneto-gyroscopic waves. The original mathematical model is reduced to a system of finite-difference equations whose asymptotic analytical solution is obtained. It is demonstrated that some “elite” rings characterized by integral quantum numbers are long-living, while “lethal” or unstable rings (antirings) are associated with half-integer quantum numbers. As a result, an evolutionally rife rotating ring of magnetized plasma turns out to be stratified into a large number of narrow elite rings separated by gaps whose positions correspond to antirings. The regions of possible existence of elite rings in near-central body space are considered. Quantum numbers determining elite eigenvalues of the mean sector velocity (normalized in a certain manner) of a ring coincide with the quantum numbers appearing in the solution to the Schrödinger equation for a hydrogen atom. Perturbations of elite orbits corresponding to these quantum numbers satisfy the de Brogli quantum-mechanical condition. This is one more illustration of the isomorphism of quantization in microcosm and macrocosm.     

Experiments to Examine the Situated Nature of Geoscientific Concepts

ABSTRACT

Ontologies are being developed in many geoscientific domains. They are typically populated with two types of concepts: upper-level concepts that apply across many or all domains, and domain concepts that apply only within a specific domain. Previous work has refined this distinction by identifying a particular type of domain concept, called a situated concept, which is dependent on specific processes (natural, social, scientific, or possibly machine) for its meaning and is instantiated amongst entities within a specific geographical and historical context. In this paper we present new support for situated geoscientific concepts, building on our previous research that argues for the importance of situations in the development and use of concepts related to geoscientific field mapping. The new results are obtained by using statistical techniques to further analyze three geologists' field data over time, to better test the hypothesis that the concepts developed by the geologists to classify objects on the map are in fact situated. The field data are compared to each other, and to the concepts developed by the team. Differences found between and within individuals' data for three map concepts provide strong support for the idea that the concepts are variably influenced by data, theory, and natural and human situations. From this increased corroboration of situated concepts we suggest two implications for domain ontologies: (1) a delineation between situated domain concepts and non-situated domain concepts; and (2) recognition that representation of reliable meaning involves the capture of historical and geographical context for situated concepts.     

微波散射计数字接收机DDC的设计与实现

微波散射计是一种用于测量目标后向散射系数的有源微波遥感器。文章介绍了作为微波散射计重要部件之一的数字化中频接收机,指出数字下变频在微波散射计数字化中频接收机的数字化和软件化过程的作用。根据微波散射计数字化中频接收机工作机理与数字下变频原理,结合Matlab算法仿真技术,设计并实现了基于FPGAIP核的数字下变频。仿真与实测结果表明：基于FPGAIP核设计实现的数字下变频能够满足微波散射计数字化中频接收机性能指标要求,并且具有灵活性、通用性、修改参数方便等特点。     

Artificial gravity: head movements during short-radius centrifugation.

Short-radius centrifugation is a potential countermeasure to long-term weightlessness. Unfortunately, head movements in a rotating environment induce serious discomfort, non-compensatory vestibulo-ocular reflexes, and subjective illusions of body tilt. In two experiments we investigated the effects of pitch and yaw head movements in participants placed supine on a rotating bed with their head at the center of rotation, feet at the rim. The vast majority of participants experienced motion sickness, inappropriate vertical nystagmus and illusory tilt and roll as predicted by a semicircular canal model. However, a small but significant number of the 28 participants experienced tilt in the predicted plane but in the opposite direction. Heart rate was elevated following one-second duration head turns. Significant adaptation occurred following a series of head turns in the light. Vertical nystagmus, motion sickness and illusory tilt all decreased with adaptation. Consequences for artificial gravity produced by short-radius centrifuges as a countermeasure are discussed. Grant numbers: NCC 9-58.     

非线性条件下编队卫星周期性相对运动条件

利用编队卫星机械能守恒原理，提出了非线性条件下求解编队卫星周期性相对运动条件的新方法，给出了非线性周期相对运动的初始条件。编队卫星相对距离较近时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可修正Hill方程的初始条件，抑制编队卫星的长期漂移。编队卫星相对距离较大，非线性因素不可忽略时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可找到不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道。最后的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。     

Remote sensing of precipitation by a satellite-borne microwave remote sensor

The problem of remote sensing of precipitation by a satellite-borne microwave rain scatterometer is discussed. A downward-looking scanning pencil-beam antenna system is used. The combination of the range-gate method and low side lobe level is used to separate echoes from precipitation layers in the main lobe from ground clutter in the side lobes. Various parameters of the satellite-borne microwave rain scatterometer are calculated and characteristics of systems at 10 and 34.45 GHz are considered. The transmitter peak power needed to observe precipitation with sufficient signal-to noise ratio is calculated by means of the radar equation. The signal (i.e. the received power from the resolution volume of the precipitation) and the received power due to the ground clutter are calculated and the signal-to-clutter ratio is obtained by applying the radar equation. An airborne microwave rain scatterometer is proposed for preliminary experiments.     

VXI数据采集系统的建立及其应用

在液氧／煤油发动机试验中，需要根据测量精度、被测参数的类型、采样速率等技术指标进行数据采集系统的选型、配套，完成对温度、压力、流量转速、推力、真空压力等众多参数的测量。主要介绍了利用VXI数据采集系统完成各参数的测量任务．包括系统的建立，解决系统调试中出现的问题，同时介绍了VXI数据采集系统在发动机故障诊断紧急关机系统中的应用。