柔性-刚性混合翼微型飞行器气动特性研究

提出了一种将柔性翼和刚性翼相结合的柔性-刚性混合翼微型飞行器新概念布局型式，通过与刚性翼微型飞行器的风洞对比试验研究了该新概念布局的气动特性。在此基础上，进行了柔性-刚性混合翼微型飞行器试验原理样机的飞行试验验证。风洞试验和飞行试验研究结果表明：柔性-刚性混合翼微型飞行器的新概念布局是可行的；与刚性翼微型飞行器相比而言，柔性-刚性混合翼微型飞行器具有更好的气动特性，对解决微型飞行器抗风稳定飞行问题是有效的。     

柔性翼微型飞行器垂直阵风响应特性的实验研究

微型飞行器因其体积小、重量轻、使用灵活、成本低,广泛应用于军民领域的侦查、通讯、搜救等领域。在制约微型飞行器发展的诸多因素中,阵风对微型飞行器的稳定、安全飞行影响很大。在南京航空航天大学非定常风洞内,研制了一套垂直阵风装置,进行了垂直阵风的流场测试。设计制作了一种柔性翼微7型飞行器,并制作了刚性翼与其对比,在国内首次进行了微型飞行器垂直阵风实验。结果表明：柔性翼能够提高微型飞行器的失速迎角,且具有更好的纵向稳定性,有一定的垂直阵风缓和能力,有利于安全、稳定飞行。     

柔性翼微型飞行器气动特性的实验研究

 柔性翼有望提高微型飞行器(MAV)的抗风能力。为进一步了解柔性翼的气动性能,建立MAV数学模型,并为飞行仿真和飞行控制设计做准备,在低雷诺数风洞中对柔性翼微型飞行器进行了风洞试验,同时采用翼型、机翼平面形状和尺寸大小均相同的刚性翼进行了风洞对比试验。对比结果表明：柔性翼相比于对应的刚性翼,失速迎角较大;柔性翼的最大升力系数较大,但是柔性翼的变形在提高升力的同时也增大了阻力,升阻比的情况较为复杂;在较低雷诺数情况下,柔性翼的纵向静稳定性略优于刚性翼;柔性翼的长周期和短周期模态的衰减特性和阻尼特性略优于刚性翼。     

柔性扑翼全机气动结构耦合特性及稳定性研究

由于微型扑翼飞行器具有体积小、重量轻等特点,在飞行过程中会产生明显的柔性变形,因此在对扑翼气动特性进行数值模拟时,有必要考虑柔性变形的影响。基于结构动力学理论,发展了一种适用于扑翼全机气动结构耦合特性的数值模拟方法与一种适用于扑翼的结构动力学求解方法。方法利用哈密顿原理,对动能和应变能进行变分,进而得到扑翼动力学方程,采用结构有限元方法对运动方程进行离散并求解;采用基于嵌套网格的CFD求解器对微型扑翼全机非定常绕流进行数值模拟。采用CFD/CSD耦合求解器对微型扑翼飞行器全机气动结构耦合特性进行数值模拟,分析了结构变形对柔性扑翼气动特性的影响,并分别对扑动过程中刚性扑翼和柔性扑翼的压心变化范围进行研究,分析了结构变形对柔性扑翼稳定性的影响。     

不同柔度的柔性翼气动特性实验研究

为了研究不同柔度的柔性翼气动特性和抗风性性能,制作了九种不同柔段的柔性翼,利用西北工业大学微型飞行器专用风洞对其进行初步的风洞试验,在实验中进行了不同风速,不同迎角对柔段的气动特性研究。通过试验优选出气动特性较好的柔段,为柔性翼微型飞行器的总体设计和气动特性提供参考。     

不同柔度的柔性翼气动特性实验

为了研究不同柔度的柔性翼气动特性和抗风性性能,制作了九种不同柔度的柔性翼,利用西北工业大学微型飞行器专用风洞对其进行初步的风洞实验.在实验中进行了不同风速,不同迎角对柔度的气动特性研究.通过实验优选出气动特性较好的柔度,为柔性翼微型飞行器的总体设计和气动特性提供参考.     

柔性扑翼气动结构耦合特性数值研究

微型扑翼体积小、重量轻,其柔性变形对气动特性有显著的影响。通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程(ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes,RANS)和结构动力学方程,对微型柔性扑翼飞行器的气动结构耦合特性进行了数值模拟研究。针对微型扑翼的大幅运动,发展了适用于扑翼的气动结构耦合数值计算方法,研究了微型扑翼的气动结构耦合特性。通过求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程得到微型扑翼的非定常气动特性;利用哈密顿原理(Hamilton Principle)推导了扑翼的结构动力学方程,采用结构有限元方法对该动力学方程进行离散并求解,得到扑翼的动态结构特性;采用松耦合方法进行迭代。计算结果与风洞实验结果相比吻合良好,验证了所发展方法的有效性。在此基础上研究了惯性力和关键运动参数对柔性扑翼气动及结构特性的影响规律,有助于比较详细、全面地了解微型扑翼的气动机理,为柔性扑翼的设计提供了参考依据。     

仿鸟型扑翼飞行器气动/结构/飞行力学耦合研究进展

仿鸟型扑翼飞行器在飞行机动性和飞行效率上有巨大发展潜力,是一种具有较高研究价值和应用前景的微型飞行器。由于仿鸟型扑翼飞行器的柔性扑动翼在扑动过程中会产生较大结构变形,同时扑动翼的扑动运动与机体的刚体运动会产生高度耦合,因此需要从气动、结构与飞行力学多学科耦合的角度对该类飞行器的气动特性和飞行稳定性进行分析。针对该类飞行器的气动机理、气动/结构耦合研究、飞行稳定性分析方法以及扑动翼的柔性对飞行稳定性的影响等方面进行了国内外现状的分析和总结。目前仿鸟型扑翼飞行器的发展还面临着诸多难题,尤其在非定常气动机理、气动/结构耦合的尺度律以及气动/结构/飞行力学的耦合方法等方面亟需进一步的突破和发展。     

变后掠变展长翼身组合体系统设计与特性分析

为了探索可变形飞行器气动、结构和控制关键技术,在可变后掠角及展长的翼身组合体风洞试验模型系统设计与特性分析方面开展了研究。系统设计包括总体方案设计、近似理论分析与计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟、结构与控制技术集成;特性分析包括结构特性、控制特性、定常与非定常气动特性的测试及其分析。结果表明:大尺度变形能显著改变飞行器的升力、阻力和升阻比等气动特性,进而使可变形飞行器能适应多种环境和任务,因而在全飞行周期中比传统固定外形飞行器具有更优的性能。     

柔性变后掠飞行器非定常气动特性数值研究

为研究柔性变后掠飞行器变形过程中的非定常气动力,对柔性变后掠飞行器进行了非定常数值仿真。首先分析了柔性变后掠飞行器在特定后掠角下的定常气动特性,接着选用三种变后掠周期进行了非定常计算,分析了不同变后掠速度对飞行器气动特性的影响,以及定常与非定常气动特性的差别,并研究了这种差异产生的原因。结果表明:柔性变后掠飞行器通过后掠角的改变可以使实时气动性能达到最优;不同变后掠速度引起的气动力差异不大;定常气动力与非定常气动力最大差异不超过7%,其差异主要是由于机翼上气动力的差异引起;非定常计算的升力、阻力系数大于定常结果,俯仰力矩系数与定常计算值差异不大。非定常气动力的产生机理是由于机翼的附加速度所引起的,与流场迟滞无关。总体上看,攻角小于14°时,小后掠可以取得较大的升力、阻力系数;大于14°攻角,大后掠的升力、阻力系数较大;所有后掠角均在4°攻角处取得最大升阻比且小后掠角的升阻比较大;当升力系数小于1.28时,小后掠角产生较小的阻力系数,超过这一数值,大后掠角的阻力系数较小。     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

Computational aerodynamic analysis on perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing

Abstract Implementing the morphing technique on a micro air vehicle （MAV） wing is a very chal- lenging task, due to the MAWs wing size limitation and the complex morphing mechanism. As a result, understanding aerodynamic characteristics and flow configurations, subject to wing structure deformation of a morphing wing MAV has remained obstructed. Thus, this paper presents the investigation of structural deformation, aerodynamics performance and flow formation on a pro- posed twist morphing MAV wing design named perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing. The numerical simulation of two-way fluid structure interaction （FSI） investigation consist of a quasi- static aeroelastic structural analysis coupled with 3D incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes and shear-stress-transport （RANS-SST） solver utilized throughout this study. Verification of numerical method on a rigid rectangular wing achieves a good correlation with available exper- imental results. A comparative aeroelastic study between PR-compliant to PR and rigid wing per- formance is organized to elucidate the morphing wing performances. Structural deformation results show that PR-compliant wing is able to alter the wing＇s geometric twist characteristic, which has directly influenced both the overall aerodynamic performance and flow structure behavior. Despite the superior lift performance result, PR-compliant wing also suffers from massive drag penalty, which has consequently affected the wing efficiency in general. Based on vortices investigation, the results reveal the connection between these aerodynamic performances with vortices formation on PR-comoliant wing.     

微型飞行器相关技术研究进展

微型飞行器是航空领域一个新的研究热点，涉及多个技术研究领域。围绕与微型飞行器相关的低雷诺数空气动力学问题，进行了绕圆柱体低雷诺数非定常流动的数值模拟方法研究、低雷诺数机翼粘性非定常流动机理研究、扑翼的气动力估算方法研究、微流动控制的数值模拟研究和微型飞机的气动实验研究，指出了微型飞行器面临的问题，并展望了其发展趋势。     

Time-domain nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and wind tunnel test of a flexible wing using strain-based beam formulation

A theoretical formulation for time-domain nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of a flexible wing model is presented and validated by wind tunnel tests. A strain-based beam model for nonlinear structural analysis is combined with the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) to form the complete framework for aeroelastic analysis. The nonlinear second-order differential equations are solved by an implicit time integration scheme that incorporates a Newton-Raphson sub-iteration technique. An advanced fiber optic sensing technique is firstly used in a wind tunnel for measuring large structural deformations. In the theoretical study, the nonlinear flutter boundary is determined by analyzing the transient response about the nonlinear static equilibrium with a series of flow velocities. The gust responses of the wing model at various gust frequencies are also studied. Comparisons of the theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for determining the nonlinear flutter boundary and simulating the gust response of flexible wings in the time domain.     

Delaying stall of morphing wing by periodic trailing-edge deflection

Morphing wings can improve aircraft performance during different flight phases. Recently research has focused on steady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible trailing-edge, and the unsteady aerodynamic and stall characteristics in the deflection process of the morphing wing are worthy further investigation. The effects of the angle of attack and deflection rate on aerodynamic characteristics were examined, and based on the aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing, a method was developed to delay stall by using the flexible periodic trailing-edge deflection. The numerical results show that the lift coefficients in the deflection process are smaller than those in the static situation at small angles of attack, and that the higher the deflection rate is, the smaller the lift coefficients will be. On the contrary, at large angles of attack, the lift coefficients are higher than those in the static case, and they become larger with the increase of the deflection rate. Further, the periodic deflection of the flexible trailing-edge with a small deflection amplitude and high deflection rate can increase lift coefficients at the critical stall angle.     

微型扑翼飞行器风洞试验初步研究

 为了对微型扑翼飞行器空气动力学基本特性进行定量研究，利用西北工业大学微型飞行器专用风洞对微型扑翼飞行器机翼进行初步风洞吹风试验。试验中进行了扑动频率、风速、迎角、机翼平面形状、翼型弯度对机翼气动特性影响的研究。通过试验得出了微型扑翼飞行器升力、推力产生的基本规律，为微型扑翼飞行器总体设计和气动设计提供了参考。