三维角联锁机织复合材料剪切性能有限元分析

使用三维绘图软件Pro/E 5.0构建出一种三层角联锁机织复合材料的细观结构模型,借助有限元软件ANSYS对复合材料在剪切力作用下纤维与树脂的应力、应变分布进行数值模拟,并借此分析该复合材料在剪切作用下的力学行为,并预测复合材料破坏模式。结果表明:复合材料在剪切力作用下发生沿剪切力方向程度较均匀的剪切变形;纤维相对于树脂承受更多剪切力作用,产生更大应力,但发生相对较小的应变;纤维中轴向与剪切力方向平行的经纱相对轴向垂直于剪切力的纬纱表现出更大的应力和应变。     

Compression Creep Behavior of High Volume Fraction of SiC Particles Reinforced Al Composite Fabricated by Pressureless Infiltration

The compression creep deformation of the high volume fraction of SiC particles reinforced Al-Mg-Si composite fabricated by pressure-less infiltration was investigated. The experimental results show that the creep stress exponents are very high at temperatures of 673 K, 723 K and 773 K, and if taking the threshold stress into account, the true stress exponent of minimum creep strain rate is still approximately 5, although the volume fraction of reinforcements is very high. The creep strain rate in the high volume fraction rein- forced aluminum alloy matrix composites is controlled by matrix lattice diffusion. It is found that the creep-strengthening effect of high volume fraction of silicon carbide particles is significant, although the particles do not form effective obstacles to dislocation motion.     

Compression Creep Behavior of High Volume Fraction of SiC Particles Reinforced AI Composite Fabricated by Pressureless Infiltration

The compression creep deformation of the high volume fraction of SiC particles reinforced AI-Mg-Si composite fabricated by pressure-less infiltration was investigated. The experimental results show that the creep stress exponents are very high at temperatures of 673 K, 723 K and 773 K, and if taking the threshold stress into account, the true stress exponent of minimum creep strain rate is still approximately 5, although the volume fraction of reinforcements is very high. The creep strain rate in the high volume fraction reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composites is controlled by matrix lattice diffusion. It is found that the creep-strengthening effect of high volume fraction of silicon carbide particles is significant, although the particles do not form effective obstacles to dislocation motion.     

Micro-macro Unified Analysis of Flow Behavior of Particle-reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

This article presents a micro-macro unified model for predicting the deformation of metal matrix composites (MMCs). A macro-scale model is developed to obtain the proper boundary conditions for the micro-scale model, which is used to assess the microstructural deformation of materials. The usage of the submodel technique in the analysis makes it possible to shed light on the stress and strain field at the microlevel. This is helpful to investigate the linkage between the microscopic and the macroscopic flow behavior of the composites. An iterative procedure is also proposed to find out the optimum parameters. The results show that the convergence can be attained after three iterations in computation. In order to demonstrate the reliability of micro-macro unified model, results based on the continuum composite model are also investigated using the stress-strain relation of composite obtained from the iterations. By comparing the proposed unified model to the continuum composite model, it is clear that the former exhibits large plastic deformation in the case of little macroscopic deformation, and the stresses and strains obtained from the submodel are higher than those from the macroscopic deformation.     

TiBw/TA15复合材料板材超塑变形行为研究

研究了TiB_w/TA15复合材料板材在900~960℃、5×10^-4~10^-2s^-1条件下的超塑变形行为。结果表明,TiB_w/TA15复合材料流变应力随拉伸温度的升高和应变速率的减小而降低,在940℃、5×10^-3s^-1变形条件下获得的最大超塑性伸长率为439%。利用Zener-Hollomn参数和Arrhenius方程所建立的峰值应力本构方程为ε·=3.55×10⁸[sinh(2.0×10^-2σ)]^1.99×exp(-6.381×10⁵/RT),其变形激活能Q=638.1kJ/mol。复合材料超塑性变形组织与拉伸温度和应变速率密切相关。高温低应变速率有利于基体α相的动态再结晶以及晶须与基体处孔洞的愈合,低温高应变速率下,孔洞更易萌生于增强相与基体结合界面的端部。动态再结晶对复合材料超塑性的发挥起着关键作用。     

Multiscale modeling of mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of 3D angle-interlock woven aluminum composites subjected to warp/weft directional tension loading

The mechanical behavior and progressive damage mechanism of novel aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 3D angle-interlock woven carbon fibers were investigated using a multiscale modeling approach. The mechanical properties and failure of yarns were evaluated using a microscale model under different loading scenarios. On this basis, a mesoscale model was developed to analyze the tensile behavior and failure mechanism of the composites. The interfacial decohesion, matrix damage, and failure of fibers and yarns were incorporated into the microscopic and mesoscopic models. The stress–strain curves and fracture modes from simulation show good agreement with the experimental curves and fracture morphology. Local interface and matrix damage initiate first under warp directional tension. Thereafter, interfacial failure, weft yarn cracking, and matrix failure occur successively. Axial fracture of warp yarn, which displays a quasi-ductile fracture characteristic, dominates the ultimate composites failure. Under weft directional tension, interfacial failure and warp yarn rupture occur at the early and middle stages. Matrix failure and weft yarn fracture emerge simultaneously at the final stage, leading to the cata-strophic failure of composites. The weft directional strength and fracture strain are lower than the warp directional ones because of the lower weft density and the more serious brittle fracture of weft yarns.     

纤维复合材料刚度设计的力学原理及其应用

针对航空用纤维复合材料,基于纤维与基体的协调变形规律和材料应变能密度的计算,导出了纤维复合材料的刚度表达式,研究了刚度矩阵的基本力学特性,给出了复合材料刚度矩阵元素与基体材料的刚度、纤维束的刚度及铺设方向的关系,提供了平面铺层和三维取向纤维复合材料的基本刚度设计公式和设计方法。最后给出工程应用设计方法的几个具体例子,并与其他理论和实验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,在考虑材料制备工艺缺陷造成的刚度折减后,本文提出的设计公式及方法可应用于纤维复合材料的优化设计。     

原位合成TiB_2/6351复合材料热压缩变形特性

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对原位合成TiB2(质量分数,8%)/6351复合材料在不同变形温度和不同应变速率条件下的热变形特性进行了研究,利用透射电镜(TEM)和光学显微镜分析了压缩后试样的微观组织.结果表明, 材料的流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大;材料的流变行为主要表现为加工硬化、动态回复和动态再结晶;相应的显微组织特征为:位错网络、混乱的位错团和胞状结构,亚晶及等轴晶.在应变速率和变形温度均较低时,增强体颗粒周围的基体中形成高密度位错区,但随变形温度的升高而减少;在应变速率较高时,增强体颗粒和基体的界面处开裂甚至增强体颗粒本身发生破碎.     

Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

非连续增强金属基复合材料的变形行为

详细介绍了非连续增强金属基复合材料的弹性变形、微型性变形、宏观塑性变形行为的研究现状，论述了复合材料变形行为的影响因素，并旨出了进一步研究存在的主要问题。     

三维机织芳纶／环氧复合材料应变率压缩响应研究

研究三维机织芳纶/环氧复合材料在高应变率下的压缩力学性能.运用分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)测试不同应变率在复合材料厚度方向的压缩性能,同时对材料在准静态情况的力学性能进行测试,与高应变率下的力学性能比较表明,三维机织芳纶/环氧机织复合材料是应变率敏感材料,随着应变率的增加,压缩刚度和最大应力增加,而相应最大应力的应变则减小.     

15%SiC_P/8009铝基复合材料热压缩流变应力行为

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对15%Si CP/8009铝基复合材料在温度为400~550℃和应变速率为0.001~1 s~(-1)条件下的热变形流变行为进行研究。结果表明:流变应力在开始阶段随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳;流变应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而升高,呈现出正应变速率敏感性;流变应力行为可以用双曲正弦模型来描述,其热变形激活能为488.3853 k J/mol,应力指数为7.19022。     

SiC_P/Al-Cu复合材料动态再结晶行为及临界条件

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对40%SiC_P/Al-Cu复合材料进行压缩实验,研究其在温度为350~500℃、应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)条件下的高温塑性变形行为。由实验得出变形过程中的应力-应变曲线,采用加工硬化率处理方法对应力-应变数据进行处理,结合lnθ-ε曲线的拐点和(-α(lnθ)/αε)-ε曲线最小值的判据,研究该复合材料动态再结晶临界条件。结果表明:40%SiC_P/Al-Cu复合材料的应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力(σ_p)随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;该材料的lnθ-ε曲线出现拐点,(-α(lnθ)/αε)-ε曲线出现最小值;临界应变(ε_c)随变形温度的升高与应变速率的降低而减小,且临界应变与峰值应变(εp)之间具有相关性,即ε_c=0.528εp;临界应变与Zener-Hollomon参数(Z)之间的函数关系为ε_c=4.58×10~(-3)Z~(0.09)。透射电镜观察显示应变为0.06时(变形温度为400℃,应变速率为10 s~(-1))已经发生动态再结晶,应变为0.2时,动态再结晶晶粒充分长大。     

基于型面节点的复合材料构件模具型面修正研究

针对复合材料在热压罐中固化变形造成的零件尺寸误差、带应力装配、降低疲劳寿命等长期困扰航空、航天工业的问题,研究复合材料固化变形的影响因素、作用机理等,并利用基准点的位置坐标,实现两曲面间的匹配,提出变形修正的算法和切实可行的修正手段,从而在模具设计时对模具型面做相应的补偿,减少试模、修模次数,实现复合材料固化变形的有效控制,达到复合材料精准制造的目的。     

纤维泊松收缩对陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹演化影响

采用细观力学方法分析了陶瓷基复合材料在单向拉伸载荷作用下纤维泊松收缩对基体裂纹演化的影响,将库仑摩擦法则与拉梅公式相结合分析复合材料细观应力场,结合临界基体应变能准则以及界面脱粘断裂力学方法确定基体裂纹演化,讨论了界面摩擦系数、纤维泊松比、界面脱粘韧性以及纤维体积百分比等参数对界面脱粘和基体裂纹演化产生的影响,并与常界面剪应力假设下基体裂纹演化进行了对比.      

准静态加载下陶瓷基复合材料层合板应力-应变曲线的模拟

采用细观力学方法来模拟纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料层合板在准静态加载下应力-应变行为.采用层合板修正剪滞模型分析复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场,通过临界基体应变能准则、Nair脱粘准则确定基体裂纹间隔和界面脱粘长度.最后结合剪滞模型和损伤机制模拟陶瓷基复合材料层合板应力-应变曲线,并与试验数据进行比较,结果吻合较好.      

2.5维机织复合材料纬向拉伸过程初始屈服准则

2.5维机织复合材料已有较为广泛的应用,而目前对该类复合材料的破坏机理和失效原因尚未形成统一的认识。根据三维机织复合材料的拉伸试验现象,基于经纱曲面层板纬向纤维和树脂应力相等的假设,建立了2.5维机织结构复合材料纬向拉伸过程的初始屈服条件和屈服准则。通过对2.5维机织复合材料3种结构12个试件进行纬向拉伸试验及文献中的三维机织复合材料拉伸试验,与计算预测结果的对比表明本文中建立的初始屈服准则的合理性。研究表明,树脂横向裂纹是2.5维结构复合材料纬向拉伸过程初始屈服产生的直接原因;2.5维机织复合材料出现纬向拉伸屈服的条件仅和经纱曲面板内的经纱体积含量、纤维和基体的弹性模量及基体的拉伸破坏强度等因素有关,而与经纱曲面板的走向和层数无关。因为组分弹性模量不同,在纬向拉伸过程中,树脂应变高于复合材料的应变。树脂的初始横向裂纹首先发生在纤维密集处,并向富树脂区扩展;裂纹在向纤维方向扩展过程中受到纤维的阻碍而受到限制。     

Al－Al_3Ni自生复合材料的高周疲劳损伤断裂机制及其应力比的影响

实验观察和研究了Ａｌ－Ａｌ３Ｎｉ自生复合材料的高周疲劳损伤断裂行为以及应力比Ｒ的影响,结果显示在Ｒ＝－１疲劳过程中孔洞沿界面区基体的优先萌生、联接和扩展是其损伤断裂的主要机制;并且发现Ｒ对疲劳寿命及断裂过程有明显影响,当Ｒ＝０时滑移带裂纹生长相对容易,寿命减小,而Ｒ＝∞时,裂纹集中在类似于压缩变形的宏观形变带内发展,寿命很长     

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金静态回复力学行为的影响

采用双道次热压缩实验,研究了新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金铸态试样在温度300~400℃,应变速率0.01~0.1 s~(-1),变形程度33%+20%,保温0~900 s静态回复过程中的流变应力行为。结果表明:温度对该合金静态回复力学行为影响显著;(1)300℃和330℃温度较低时,变形过程中回复较慢,存储的变形能较高,保温期间的回复和再结晶使第二道次流变应力降低,表现为流变应力软化现象,且随着道次间保温时间的延长应力的软化程度增大;保温过程中析出相的出现减缓了应力软化速率;(2)温度升高到360℃和400℃时,变形过程中回复充分,存储的变形能低;变形保温后基体的固溶度高,第二道次流变应力升高,表现为流变应力硬化现象;360℃变形保温期间的回复/再结晶使得随着道次间保温时间的延长应力又逐渐降低软化,析出相减缓了应力的软化速率;而400℃变形保温期间没有回复/再结晶和析出相,所以硬化后的应力并不随着道次间保温时间的延长而发生变化。