Adaptive resolution of mainlobe and sidelobe detections using model order determination

This work presents the development and performance evaluation of a methodology for distinguishing between mainlobe and sidelobe detections that arise in adaptive radar systems operating in adverse environments. Various adaptive detection test statistics such as the adaptive matched filter (AMF), the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and adaptive coherence estimate (ACE), and combinations of these, have been previously analyzed with respect to their sidelobe rejection capabilities. In contrast to these methods which are based on detecting a single target with known direction and Doppler, the present method uses model order determination techniques applied to the AMF or GLRT data observed over the range of unknown angle and Doppler parameters. The determination of model order, i.e., the number of signals present in the data, is made by using least-squares model fit error residuals and applying the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Comprehensive computer simulation results are presented which demonstrate substantial improvement in sidelobe rejection performance and detections of multiple sources compared with previous methods.     

模型变形视频测量的相机位置坐标与姿态角确定

高速风洞试验中的模型变形视频测量（VMD）要求双（多）相机大角度大重叠的测量方式,而通过现有共线方程的线性化模型难以取得高精度的相机位置与姿态角,故推导包含共线方程泰勒展开二次项的非线性误差模型,建立3控制点的VMD相机位置与姿态确定技术。多个工程实例表明该技术能取得高精度的相机位置坐标与姿态角,有实用价值。     

非理想均匀圆阵的波达方向和多普勒频率联合估计

针对均匀圆阵存在一般阵列误差 (如阵元的幅相误差和安装位置误差等 )的情况 ,提出了多个信号的波达方向和多普勒频率估计方法。直接利用均匀圆阵的阵列流形 ,采用波达矩阵法估计各个信号的多普勒频率。由一般阵列误差的统计特性构造加权矩阵 ,采用加权总体最小二乘法估计各个信号的波达方向。此方法具有鲁棒性强等特点。计算机仿真证明了此方法的有效性     

一种联合估计的有源校正高精度测向算法

针对存在系统误差的阵列模型,提出了一种有源标校下的联合估计测向算法。该算法把误差矩阵估计转化为误差系数估计,并采用到达角精确已知的源信号进行标校,在此基础上使用最小二乘法联合估计幅相不一致误差系数和互耦误差系数,最后使用结合误差矩阵的MUSIC算法测量信号的到达角。仿真表明,该算法仅需要3个标校源,其精度相比于无阵列误差情况下降0.05°,具有较好的工程可实现性。     

含固支边的强厚度层合板解析解的改进方法

基于含固支边层合板的非齐次状态方程,应用增维方法,建立了齐次状态方程,给出了静力问题的解析解。这种方法对于程序的实现和数值运算稳定性的提高十分有利,在求解的过程中避免了矩阵求逆,且大大提高了计算效率。数值算例显示了本文的方法是正确的。     

飞行数据相容性检验的极大似然方法

 本文提出了一种有效的飞行仪器偏差估计的极大似然方法。为了提高对偏差估计的精度,采用了最小二乘方法对角速率,过载的测量量进行平滑,以减小系统噪声对估计精度的影响;并给出了灵敏度矩阵和初值的确定方法以保证算法的收敛速度。通过数字仿真和对我国几种不同类型飞机的飞机数据实际计算表明,提出的方法能够较准确地辨识出测量仪器的偏差,比普通极大似然法更有效。     

A novel multistage estimation of signal parameters

A multistage estimation scheme is presented for estimating the parameters of a received carrier signal possibly phase-modulated by unknown data and experiencing very high Doppler, Doppler rate, etc. Such a situation arises, for example, in the case of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS). In the proposed scheme, the first-stage estimator operates as a coarse estimator of the frequency and its derivatives, resulting in higher RMS estimation errors but with a relatively small probability of the frequency estimation error exceeding one-half of the sampling frequency (an event termed cycle slip). The second stage of the estimator operates on the error signal available from the first stage, refining the overall estimates, and in the process also reduces the number of cycle slips. The first-stage algorithm is a modified least-squares algorithm operating on the differential signal model and referred to as differential least squares (DLS). The second-stage algorithm is an extended Kalman filter, which yields the estimate of the phase as well as refining the frequency estimate. A major advantage of the proposed algorithm is a reduction in the threshold for the received carrier power-to-noise power spectral density ratio (CNR) as compared with the threshold achievable by either of the algorithms alone     

Orthogonalization Techniques of a Direction Cosine Matrix

Three orthogonalization techniques to correct errors in the computeddirection cosine matrix are introduced. One of these techniques is avectorial technique based on the fact that the three rows of a directioncosine matrix constitute an orthonormal set of vectors in aree-threedimensional space. The other two iterative techniques are based onthe fact that the inverse and transpose of an orthogonal matrix areequal. In computing a time-varying direction cosine matrix computationalional errors are accompanied by the loss of the orthogonaliterty prop-rty of the matrix. When one of these three techniques is useo re-restore the orthogonality of the matrix, the computational errors arealso corrected. These techniques were tested experimentally and theresults, given in this paper, were compared with a method used by the Honeywell Corporation.     

Retrieval of a wind profile from the Galileo Probe telemetry signal

Ultrastable oscillators onboard the Galileo Probe and Orbiter will permit very accurate determinations of the frequency of the Probe's telemetry signal as the Probe descends from a pressure level of several hundred mb to a level of about 20 bars. Analysis of the time-varying frequency can provide, in principle, a unique and important definition of the vertical profile of the zonal wind speed in the Jovian atmosphere. In this paper, we develop a protocol for retrieving the zonal wind profile from the Doppler shift of the measured frequency; assess the impact of a wide range of error sources on the accuracy of the retrieved wind profile; and perform a number of simulations to illustrate our technique and to assess the likely accuracy of the retrieval.Because of unavoidably large uncertainties in the absolute frequencies of the oscillators, we use time-differenced frequencies in our analysis. Nevertheless, it is possible to recover absolute wind speeds as well as wind shears, since the Orbiter/Probe geometry changes significantly during the Probe relay link. We begin with the full relativistic Doppler shift equation. Through the use of power series expansions and a basis function representation of the wind profiles, we reduce the basic equation to a set of linear equations that can be solved with standard linear least-squares techniques.There are a very large number of instrumental and environmental factors that can introduce errors into the measured signal or to the recovery of zonal winds from the data. We provide estimates of the magnitudes of all these error sources and consider the degree to which they may be reduced by a posteriori information as well as the results of calibration tests. The most important error source is the a posteriori uncertainty in the Probe's entry longitude. The accuracy of the retrieved winds is also limited by errors in the Probe's descent velocity, as obtained from atmospheric parameters measured by several Probe experiments, and in the a posteriori knowledge of secular drifts in the oscillators' frequencies during the relay link, due, for example, to aging and radiation damage.Our simulations indicate that zonal winds may be retrieved from the Doppler data to an accuracy of several m s^-1. Therefore, it may be possible to discriminate among alternative models for the basic drive of the zonal winds, since they differ significantly in the implied zonal wind profile.     

Closed-Form Solution of a Recursive Tracking Filter with a Priori Velocity Initialization

A closed-form solution is presented for the transient gains and covariances of a two-state tracking filter which is initialized with a finite a priori velocity error variance. The formulas are applied to long-range tracking and fire control problems, and are shown to agree (in the limit) with classical formulas for a least-squares line estimator and a bias-in-noise estimator.     

Distributed target detection in compound-Gaussian noise with Rao and Wald tests

The problem of detecting distributed targets in compound-Gaussian noise with unknown statistics is considered. At the design stage, in order to cope with the a priori uncertainty, we model noise returns as Gaussian vectors with the same structure of the covariance matrix, but possibly different power levels. We also assume that a set of secondary data, free of signal components, is available to estimate the covariance matrix of the disturbance. Since no uniformly most powerful test exists for the problem at hand we devise and assess two detection strategies based on the Rao test, and the Wald test respectively. Remarkably these detectors ensure the constant false alarm rate property with respect to both the structure of the covariance matrix as well as the power levels. Moreover, the performance assessment, conducted also in comparison with the generalized likelihood ratio test based receiver, shows that the Wald test outperforms the others and is very effective in scenarios of practical interest for radar systems.     

增益幅度不同时信号二维方向角和多普勒频率的盲估计

 在各阵元增益幅度不一致的条件下,提出了一种起伏目标的二维方向角和多普勒频率盲估计的新方法。此方法在各阵元增益幅度不一致的条件下,仍可获得很好的估计性能,并能应用于各个信号的频率相同的场合。且具有对噪声不敏感,不需进行谱峰搜索,适用范围广等特点。仿真结果表明了此算法的有效性。     

A fault tolerant model for multi-sensor measurement

Multi-sensor systems are very powerful in the complex environments.The cointegration theory and the vector error correction model,the statistic methods which widely applied in economic analysis,are utilized to create a fitting model for homogeneous sensors measurements.An algorithm is applied to implement the model for error correction,in which the signal of any sensor can be estimated from those of others.The model divides a signal series into two parts,the training part and the estimated part.By comparing the estimated part with the actual one,the proposed method can identify a sensor with possible faults and repair its signal.With a small amount of training data,the right parameters for the model in real time could be found by the algorithm.When applied in data analysis for aero engine testing,the model works well.Therefore,it is not only an effective method to detect any sensor failure or abnormality,but also a useful approach to correct possible errors.     

系统误差条件下的多运动站无源定位性能分析

 系统误差的存在可能对无源定位的性能带来较大影响。针对多运动站得到的含有系统误差的观测量信息,推导了定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。首先根据具体系统误差模型推导测量误差的统计信息,然后根据系统误差导致不同时刻观测量相关的特点,将非对角矩阵的误差协方差矩阵写为分块矩阵的形式,并在此基础上推导其递推计算式,最后以系统误差情况下多运动站只测角无源定位为例进行定位性能的仿真分析。仿真结果表明系统误差的存在对定位误差CRLB影响较大,在定位中需要重点考虑。     

高维局部非线性转子-轴承动力系统的稳定性和分岔

采用模态缩减方法对具有非解析轴承的高维局部非线性转子系统进行自由度降阶。提出基于变分不等方程的有限元互补解的的数值方法,在几乎不增加计算量的情况下,使得实际轴承油膜力的Jacobian矩阵可与油膜力自身计算同时完成,并取得协调一致的精度。结合打靶法和Floquet理论对实际转子-轴承系统的非线性不平衡响应及其分岔行为进行计算分析,数值结果表明,所提出的方法不仅极大地降低了计算量,而且具有足够高的精度。     

Angle-Independent Doppler Velocity Measurement

When the angle between the target heading and the range vector is not known a priori, a Doppler velocity radar must estimate them simultaneously by utilizing a longer section of the track. The conventional least squares iterative solution is compared with a new explicit alogorithm which utilizes range-rate derivatives. It is shown that the explicit algorithm is biased but is less sensitive to noise. The bias, however, can be estimated and removed. Hence, the computationally simpler explicit velocity estimation method yields better performance. An analytical closed form expression for the resulting mean square estimation error and simulation results are given.     

应答机对称天线干涉对雷达信号影响分析

针对测速雷达在目标旋转时,由对称天线导致的下行信号干涉问题,通过理论分析远场条件下信号干涉合成方向图变化情况和双基微多普勒计算方法,提出了一种分析干涉区前后多普勒阶跃的方法。通过分析测速雷达记录数据中AGC(Automatic Gain Control,自动增益控制)电平、多普勒和综合误差电压,再利用小波变换和自相关方法,可以提取微多普勒信息和微多普勒周期。理论分析和数据验证可知,信号干涉区出现在对称天线中间±20°左右,雷达接收AGC电平在干涉区下降10~20dB,多普勒差分出现峰值,微多普勒在干涉区前后出现正负峰值,综合误差电压会显著增大。这些结论有利于认识干涉现象对测速设备接收信号的影响。     

对红外制导系统的噪声分析与动态模拟

本文基于近红外制导系统噪声分析的框架模型，在分析探讨主要噪声源的基础上，给出了基本噪声立意，建立了探测器等组成部件基本噪声的功率谱分析式，设计出一种以红外探测器为抑制主体的减噪系统。通过目标、误差响应率的测定与跟踪试验获得较好的效果。     

CFD软件自动化验证确认云平台设计与实现

针对大型计算流体力学(CFD)软件的验证与确认,为了减少人工成本,提高软件质量和开发效率,并适应于未来高性能计算发展的要求,基于云计算思想,提出了自动化测试云平台的解决方案。该方案采用模块化的浏览器/服务器(B/S)网络架构;利用LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP/Python)开发工具;建立了持续集成的专业数据库;构建了涵盖可靠集群监控、复杂作业调度及大规模并行计算功能的云端环境;实现了通过便捷的网络访问,自动加载测试算例、提交集群计算、监测实时进度、自动化后处理、输出分析结果,并提供丰富的实验对比图、误差分析报表和汇总报告等;完成了对大型CFD软件的自动化验证与确认。将该方案应用于某大规模并行计算的CFD软件,验证了该解决方案的可行性与实用性。     

平面度误差的不确定度估计方法及取样点数量的确定

主要阐述在工程测量方案设计阶段,如何采用最小二乘法估算被测要素平面度误差的不确定度和如何确定合理的采样点数,即测量设备的单点坐标不确定度已知时,采用理想点坐标估算法,计算不定乘数系数,继而获得被测要素的采样点数量及其最小二乘法平面度误差的测量不确定度.