低地轨道小卫星星座优化问题研究

以低地轨道小卫星星座为研究对象，着重从星座覆盖性能考虑出发，详细阐述了局部覆盖小卫星星座优化设计的一般方法与思路。针对某一类型任务对两轨道面和三轨道面星座进行了优化设计，阐述了在一定约束条件下星座优化设计的关键因素以及不同轨道面数目下星座优化的特点，并进行了仿真分析。结果表明提供的优化模型对小卫星星座设计具有理论意义和实用价值。     

基于多目标粒子群算法的导航星座优化设计

导航星座的设计涉及诸多优化变量的选取,优化设计的目的是选取合适的优化变量使导航星座最大程度地满足人们需求。提出了将导航性能和卫星生产成本作为目标对导航星座进行多目标优化设计的研究方案,导航星座基本构型为中轨道(MEO)与地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星组成的混合星座,MEO卫星用于全球导航,GEO卫星用于增强星座对中国及周边地区的导航性能。探讨了MEO和GEO的轨道设计思路。阐述了星座导航性能与卫星生产成本的计算方法,并选取定位精度因子(PDOP)作为导航性能指标。介绍了基本粒子群算法和多目标优化的概念,提出了改进的多目标粒子群算法(MOPSO),给出了该算法的计算步骤和测试结果。讨论了导航星座多目标优化设计的数学模型,列举了优化设计变量的定义域,采用MOPSO算法对导航星座进行了多目标优化设计,通过分析优化设计结果,说明了导航星座多目标优化设计方案的可行性。     

基于快速性能计算算法和序优化的卫星星座构型设计研究(英文)

卫星星座设计是一个复杂耗时的仿真优化设计问题。本文首先介绍了一种利用Hermite插值算法计算卫星星座性能指标的快速算法,用来减少计算复杂度和时间,并且基于快速算法建立了星座构型优化模型。其次引进了序优化理论,用来缩减搜索空间。针对星座优化问题,详细阐述了序优化所涉及到的精确和粗糙模型、有序性能曲线、选择规则和选择集合。通过对卫星导航星座和天基目标监视星座系统的仿真表明序优化理论对处理卫星星座优化设计问题是有效的。     

基于蚁群算法的固体火箭发动机总体参数优化

为建立一种支持连续域、离散域混合变量的优化算法以用于固体火箭发动机总体参数优化,改进了基本蚁群算法,融入"网格划分"、"哑元化"和"变尺度局部搜索"三种策略,以改进算法的寻优性能和使用范围,其中局部搜索算法仍采用蚁群算法。使用了几个较具欺骗性的经典测试函数对改进蚁群算法进行了测试,计算结果表明改进蚁群算法找到全局最优值的概率较大。应用改进蚁群算法对固体火箭发动机总体设计中的两个重要总体参数——燃烧室工作压强和喷管面积比,进行了优化求解,获得了满意结果。诸算例的优化结果表明,该改进蚁群算法具有支持混合变量,全局寻优性能稳定和搜索精度高的优点,对工程优化设计问题具有较好的寻优性能和更强的适用性。     

多状态空间信息网络拓扑生成优化算法

依据空间信息网络（SIN）高动态性的特点，并考虑卫星工作的多状态特性，兼顾星间通信时延和拓扑抗毁性的要求，研究了多状态下空间信息网络拓扑生成及动态优化的问题。根据卫星星座的周期性，建立了一种卫星网络的拓扑周期表。综合卫星的可视性和连接度等约束条件，以网络平均和最大时延作为通信性能的优化目标，建立拓扑的多目标优化模型。提出一种改进的多目标模拟退火（IMOSA）算法，求解全局时延最优的卫星拓扑，并在考虑多状态情况下对链路进行优化，以满足网络高动态性。最后基于具有66颗低轨（LEO）的铱星星座进行仿真，研究表明：针对多状态条件下的铱星星座，该算法最大化减小了通信时延，得到抗毁性良好的拓扑结构，通信性能较之原有静态拓扑明显得到改善。     

区域覆盖星座构型优化及协同控制策略研究

针对区域覆盖卫星星座的回归特性和构型维持需求,利用轨道半长轴和倾角与升交点赤经漂移和相位角漂移变化率之间的线性关系来优化星座构型参数,提高卫星星座构型的长期稳定性,同时通过协同控制轨道半长轴和倾角漂移量来实现区域覆盖星座构型维持。最后对区域覆盖天基雷达星座进行了构型优化设计和仿真,仿真结果表明了星座构型优化设计和维持策略的有效性。     

改进型蚁群算法的全局路径规划仿真研究

针对传统蚁群算法收敛较慢的问题,提出了一种在复杂环境下全局路径规划的改进型蚁群算法。利用链接图法建立了路径规划的空间模型;借鉴狼群分配原则对信息素进行更新;在缩小搜索区域,提高搜索效率的过程中,引入了启发式概率公式和启发函数;通过参数自适应调整策略,进一步对最优解进行了优化。将基于Dijkstra算法的初始路径规划和改进后蚁群算法的规划结果进行了仿真对比,结果表明,改进后蚁群算法的全局优化性能较好,具有一定的有效性和可行性。     

基于遗传算法的寻优解卫星星座优化设计策略

卫星星座优化设计与直接部署卫星或普通迭代计算后部署卫星等方法不同,目的 是在有限的资源中达到更好的星座观测效果.通过使用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm),在卫星星座构型模型的基础上,得到星座种群内对目标观测实效性较强、重访周期较短的卫星个体,并使用较优的卫星个体生成Walker星座组网,实现了生成的星座对目标区域的高精度观测与覆盖.这种方法避免了复杂的计算与主观上的加权计算,在经济成本和观测效果相互制约的前提下,得到了更加高效的卫星星座构型设计策略.将此优化设计策略用于选定的卫星星座构型中,通过仿真实验表明,基于遗传算法优化后的"深圳一号"卫星星座相较于其优化前的部署,其对目标区域及全球区域的整体观测性能提升了90％以上.     

基于APF导向的蚁群航路规划算法参数优化研究

针对基于APF导向的蚁群航路规划算法中的参数优化问题,提出了算法中的参数优化规则。分析了APFGA算法中参数m、α、β、γ、和ρ等的选取原则,通过合理选择参数,使蚁群的搜索有效地避免陷入局部最优,加快了算法的速度,提高了蚁群的搜索效率。实验结果给出了参数选择依据,通过合理设置算法参数可以有效地改善蚁群算法的性能,有利于APFGA算法在航路规划等方面的应用和推广。     

一种近地回归轨道区域性覆盖星座设计

应用近地回归轨道对我国的国土进行区域覆盖星座设计,设计采用倾角为41°、高度为1201.88km的δ星座,通过对几种可能轨道参数的分析对比,对其覆盖性能进行了仿真分析,找到了满足覆盖要求的星座轨道参数。     

视函数法分析卫星覆盖研究

通过所建立的视函数法,得到了星座中每一颗卫星对地面的覆盖区和间隙区出现的时刻,各覆盖区和间隙区的长度、最大间隙出现的时刻等覆盖的详细信息;讨论了星座的覆盖性能指标,并建立了各项覆盖性能指标的计算方法。最后,对ＧＰＳ星座的覆盖性能进行了数值仿真,给出了ＧＰＳ星座的视函数图,并得到了ＧＰＳ星座在不同纬度的覆盖性能。     

LEO navigation augmentation constellation design with the multi-objective optimization approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite for navigation augmentation applications can significantly reduce the precise positioning convergence time and attract increasing attention recently. A few LEO Navigation Augmentation (LEO-NA) constellations have been proposed, while corresponding constellation design methodologies have not been systematically studied. The LEO-NA constellation generally consists of a huge number of LEO satellites and it strives for multiple optimization purposes. It is essentially different from the communication constellation or earth observing constellation design problem. In this study, we modeled the LEO-NA constellation design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve this problem with the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Three objectives are used to strive for the best tradeoff between the augmentation performance and deployment efficiency, namely the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), visible LEO satellites and the orbit altitude. A fuzzy set approach is used to select the final constellation from a set of Pareto optimal solutions given by the MOPSO algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the optimized constellation, we tested two constellations with 144 and 288 satellites and each constellation has three optimization schemes: the polar constellation, the single-layer constellation and the two-layer constellation. The results indicate that the optimized two-layer constellation achieves the best global coverage and is followed by the single-layer constellation. The MOPSO algorithm can help to improve the constellation design and is suitable for solving the LEO-NA constellation design problem.     

全球卫星导航星座网络协议体系与运行模式

针对全球卫星导航星座网络建设初期或论证阶段所涉及的网络体系结构、协议体系及相关组网等技术问题,开展了基于导航星座星间链路构建空间信息网络的技术研究,分别提出了由子网、接入网、骨干网等节点及其相互之间星间、星地无线链路构成的分层网络系统结构,设计了兼容遥控、遥测、测量与网络交互支持等业务的基于IP over CCSDS(基于空间数据系统咨询委员会标准的空间链路承载互联网协议业务)的协议体系,给出了全系统基本通信业务运行模式等。与传统高轨卫星通信系统相比,该星座网络具有高覆盖、低时延、随遇接入等优点,可实现星座导航性能与中低轨及地面用户通信性能的全方位提升,相关结果对我国全球卫星导航星座网络技术研究具有一定的参考意义。     

Impact of one satellite outage on ARAIM depleted constellation configurations

Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM) is a new technology that will provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance in aviation navigation. The ARAIM performance and improvement under depleted constellations is a practical problem that needs to be faced and researched further. It is a shortcut that improves the availability in position domain whose key idea is to replace the conventional least squares process with a non-least-squares estimator to lower the integrity risk in exchange for a slight increase in nominal position error. The contributions given in this paper include two parts: First, the impacts of one satellite outage on different constellations are analyzed and compared. The conclusion is that GPS is more sensitive and vulnerable to one satellite outage. Second, a constellation weighted ARAIM(CW-ARAIM)position estimator is proposed. The position solution is replaced by a constellation weighted average solution to eliminate the constellation difference. The new solution will move close to the constellation solutions with respect to the accuracy requirement. The simulation results under baseline GPS and Galileo dual-constellation show that the one GPS satellite outage will knock the availability from 91% to only 50%. The performance remains stable with one Galileo satellite outage. With the assistance of the CW-ARAIM method, the availability can increase from 50% to more than80% under depleted GPS configurations. Even without any satellite outage, the proposed method can effectively improve the availability from 91.29% to 98.75%. The test results under optimistic constellations further verify that a balanced constellation is more important than more satellites on orbit and the superiority of CW-ARAIM method is still effective.     

卫星星座的空域覆盖性能计算模型

空域覆盖性能计算是星座覆盖性能分析的重要组成部分。分析了星座的关注区域,参考美国的SMTS系统,归纳了空域覆盖性能的主要影响因素;提出了Walker—delta星座最小覆盖重复周期的简化计算,以及基于最小覆盖重复周期内的经纬度覆盖等效性,这两方面可为空域覆盖性能计算中的仿真时间界定和空间采点提供依据;最后举例详细阐明了星座空域覆盖性能的基本特征．并基于此得出星座空域覆盖性能的评价角度,以此作为星座空域覆盖特性的本质表现。     

基于搜索空间变换和序优化的预警星座设计

高轨预警星座由若干颗地球静止轨道卫星和大椭圆轨道卫星组成,星座优化的目标是满足重点监视区域的覆盖和提高覆盖区域的定位精度。对于覆盖性优化,根据多个监视区域的威胁等级,星座系统需要提供不同的覆盖重数;对于定位精度优化,系统在立体观测和单星观测情况下存在很大差异。因此高轨预警星座优化是一个复杂多区域多目标优化问题。针对以上难点,提出了多层次多目标优化模型,可以较完整合理地描述预警星座优化问题;在优化模型求解方面,将优化计算分为覆盖性优化和定位精度优化两个环节;在覆盖性优化环节,提出了基于搜索空间变换的覆盖性快速优化方法,提高了Pareto最优解的计算速度和准确性。在定位精度优化环节,采用序优化方法进一步缩短优化时间。仿真试验表明,该方法可设计出满足预警任务需求的星座,且优化耗时在1 min以内,能有效地缩短预警星座优化时间。     

Feasibility study of autonomous orbit determination using only the crosslink range measurement for a combined navigation constellation

In order to expand the coverage area of satellite navigation systems, a combined navigation constellation which is formed by a global navigation constellation and a Lagrangian navigation constellation was studied. Only the crosslink range measurement was used to achieve long-term precise autonomous orbit determination for the combined navigation constellation, and the measurement model was derived. Simulations of 180 days based on the international global navigation satellite system(GNSS) service(IGS) ephemeris showed that the mentioned autonomous orbit determination method worked well in the Earth–Moon system. Statistical results were used to analyze the accuracy of autonomous orbit determination under the influences of different Lagrangian satellite constellations.     

Analytical solutions for Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks

This paper presents an analytical model for calculating the Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks by integrating and extending the application of coverage region and route theory. Specifically, the visibility condition for a ground point is represented as a coverage region in the two-dimension map of visibility properties, and the trajectories of satellites with circular orbits and repeating ground tracks are converted to several inclined lines in the map. By analyzing the intersections of the lines and the edge of the coverage region, the coverage durations for the ground point can be calculated. Based on the point coverage, the variations of coverage characteristics along the parallel are analyzed, and the regional or global coverage characteristics of constellations can be obtained. Numerical examples show that the proposed method can accurately and rapidly calculate the coverage characteristics, e.g. revisit time and coverage time. The calculated results are extremely close to those of the Satellite Tool Kit (STK) and are also superior to the existing research results. The proposed analytical model can be a useful tool for constellation design and coverage performance analysis.